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Biomedical subjects

R Bennett

Publications and source records attributed to R Bennett.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pneumonia in lambs inoculated with Bordetella parapertussis: bronchoalveolar lavage and ultrastructural studies.

Eight colostrum-deprived lambs were inoculated intratracheally with ovine isolates of Bordetella parapertussis. Fluids obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage had a large increase in total cell counts 24 hours after inoculation; up to 93% of cells were neutrophils. From 3 days after inoculation, the number of alveolar macrophages in lavage samples was markedly increased. From 5 days onwards, many alveolar macrophages had moderate to severe cytoplasmic vacuolation. Topographically, tracheal and bronchial epithelium was covered by a large amount of inflammatory exudate 24 hours after inoculation. Later, the tracheobronchial epithelium showed focal extrusions from ciliated cells, which were occasionally associated with B. parapertussis organisms. Ultrastructurally, cytopathological changes associated with B. parapertussis infection were mild focal degeneration of airway epithelium with slight loss of cilia, moderate to severe degeneration of type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells, and focal inflammation in the lungs. These results suggest that the primary targets of B. parapertussis infection are alveolar macrophages and the epithelial cells of bronchioles and alveoli.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clinical and analytical evaluation of two immunoassays for direct measurement of creatine kinase MB with monoclonal anti-CK-MB antibodies.

We examined the clinical and analytical performance of two immunoassays (Becton Dickinson CK-MB; Ciba-Corning Magic Lite CK-MB) in which monoclonal anti-CK-MB antibodies are used for directly measuring creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) in serum, and also one electrophoretic method (Ciba-Corning). Within- and between-assay precision for both immunoassays was good at the upper reference limits (less than 10% CV). Analytical recoveries ranged from 102 to 114%. Both immunoassays were free from interference by CK-BB, mitochondrial-CK, macro-CK, adenylate kinase, and CK-MM. Retrospectively, we evaluated four categories of patients, using both immunoassays and electrophoresis: normal controls, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, severe skeletal muscle trauma patients, and acutely ill patients known not to have AMI. In general, there were excellent correlations among all three methods. CK-MB activity (U/L) measured by the Becton Dickinson immunoassay was approximately 50% of the mass concentration (microgram/L) of the Magic Lite immunoassay and 50% of the activity concentration (U/L) determined by electrophoresis. Both immunoassays were easy to perform and sensitive to the low CK-MB concentrations often found with low total-CK activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of immunocytochemical staining enhancement methods using a rapid microtitre immunocytochemistry assay (MIA).

A method is described which allows rapid and quantitative comparison of immunocytochemical staining procedures. Cells grown and fixed in microtitre plates are probed with increasing dilutions of primary antibody and then stained using the procedures under test; the resulting staining intensities are determined using a microtitre plate reader. The microtitre immunocytochemistry assay (MIA) has been used to compare the sensitivities of enhancement procedures based on immunoperoxidase and immunogold staining. Silver enhancement of DAB staining was found to be the most sensitive technique giving up to 200 fold amplification of the peroxidase staining.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Is Clostridium difficile endemic in chronic-care facilities?

An apparent outbreak of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea on the chronic hospital ward of a long-term care facility prompted an investigation lasting seven months. Approximately a third of patients had stools that were positive for C difficile by either toxin or culture. Attempts to eradicate the infection by simultaneously treating all toxin-positive patients with metronidazole, limiting antibiotic use, and implementing enteric isolation were unsuccessful. New cases were both nosocomially acquired and imported into the facility. Of the C difficile toxin-positive patients, 34% had diarrhoea and 19/49 (38%) died during the study period. C difficile is not routinely sought by most clinical microbiology laboratories and may therefore be endemic in many long-term care facilities for the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Structural studies on dissociated porcine gastric mucus gel.

Reduction of the insoluble porcine mucus gel with dithiothreitol, followed by molecular sieve chromatography, resulted in the recovery of the two fragments of molecular size 2.54 X 10(6) and 1.75 X 10(6). Both gastric mucus glycoproteins have been cleaved by pronase, papain or trypsin into fragments whose molecular sizes range from 5.60 X 10(5) to 1.87 X 10(6) daltons. On reduction, the enzyme-treated fragments were further dissociated into smaller fragments which have been characterized by SDS-PAGE. The evidence indicates that the pol: neric structure of gastric mucus differs from that of mucus of varying origins, in particular with respect to the size and number of component subunits per native molecule.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Proteolysis of insoluble porcine gastric mucus.

Gastric mucus of the pig (Sus scrofa L.) has been separated into two distinct components in guanidine:urea:phosphate. The insoluble gelatinous phase has been solubilized by reduction in bicarbonate buffer. Gel filtration chromatography suggests the presence of a high molecular weight (1.92 X 10(6] and a low molecular weight (6.25 X 10(5] mucoprotein. Proteolytic digestion with trypsin, papain and pronase yielded glycopeptides whose molecular weights ranged from 2.6 X 10(5) to 6.25 X 10(5). Amino acid analysis of each mucoprotein fragment was determined. Notable differences when compared to soluble mucus glycoproteins lie in the conservation of those amino acids likely to be involved in the O-glycosyl linkage.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Blood pressure fluctuations in hypertensive patients during oral surgery.

The lability of blood pressure during oral surgical procedures and the effects of antihypertensive drugs on this lability have not been investigated sufficiently to evaluate potential medical risks. The purpose of this study was to accurately evaluate blood pressure fluctuations during oral surgical procedures in three groups of patients: normotensive patients; stratum I hypertensive patients not taking medication; and stratum I hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive medication. Blood pressure measurements were recorded by an American Heart Association certified technician at baseline, immediately prior to surgery, during administration of the local anesthetic, during the surgical procedure, and 15 minutes after surgery. Analysis of variance indicated that the blood pressure fluctuations (systolic and diastolic) among these five intervals were not statistically significant for any of the groups. The clinical significance of the above findings is that stratum I hypertensive patients experience minimal fluctuations in blood pressure that are no greater than those in normotensive patients and, therefore, may present no greater clinical risk during the dental stress associated with certain oral surgical procedures.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1983

Technetium-99m labelled bran: a new agent for measuring gastric emptying.

Bran was labelled with 99mTc-pertechnetate, ingested as part of a normal meal and used to measure gastric emptying in 15 normal subjects and in 15 patients with ulcerative colitis. There was no significant difference between the gastric emptying curves of the normal subjects and the patients, suggesting that rapid gastric emptying does not contribute to diarrhoea in ulcerative colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Therapeutic community treatment for alcohol abusers: a one-year multivariate outcome evaluation.

This article describes the development of an alcohol treatment unit in a Veterans Hospital. The focus is on therapeutic philosophy, staffing patterns, and a critical evaluation and examination of issues related to program evaluation. About March of 1975 the administrative staff of the Audie Murphy Veterans Administration Hospital began tooling up for a new psychiatric unit to deal exclusively with the problem of alcohol abuse. The unit was officially opened in June of 1975. This article provides a short descriptive overview of the development of the program, with a focus on its staffing pattern and the operationalization of its treatment philosophy. It presents an evaluation of the program, describing the methodology of evaluation preferred for this type of operation as developed from previous experience of the senior author.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of xenon-133 clearance with electromagnetic flowmeters and an indicator dilution method for the measurement of liver blood flow.

Measurement of liver blood flow has been carried out by three different methods in 14 dogs to assess the accuracy of xenon-133 clearance following portal vein injection. Electromagnetic flowmetry with flow probes on the hepatic artery and portal vein resulted in a mean value of 121.9 +/- 39.3 ml min-1 100 g-1. An indicator dilution study utilizing chromium-51-labelled red cells gave a mean value of 119.4 +/- 31.4 ml min-1 100 g-1 and the xenon-133 clearance following portal vein injection, 120.3 +/- 33.8 ml min-1 100 g-1. One-way analysis of variance showed no statistically significant variation between these three groups. There was a close correlation between xenon-133 clearance and electromagnetic flowmetry and between xenon-133 clearance and the indicator dilution technique. These data suggest that xenon-133 clearance following portal vein injection gives an accurate assessment of liver blood flow and this technique (as well as direct parenchymal injection) can be adapted for clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A cross-national comparison of the institutionalized elderly in the cities of New York and London.

Two random samples, each constituting 0.5% of the institutionalized elderly (over 65) in the cities of New York and London have been compared. This preliminary report of a collaborative study demonstrates the similarity of the 2 samples. Institutions in the 2 cities are shown to differ in size, type of ownership and the frequency that skilled nursing is provided. Some implications of these 2 findings are raised now, and will be discussed later when the full data for the study are presented.

Aged↗