Three cases of activation of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma during treatment with prolonged administration of rituximab.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
R Bond
Publications and source records attributed to R Bond.
Patch test responses to Malassezia pachydermatis in healthy dogs.
The effects of the patch test application of Malassezia pachydermatis extracts to normal canine skin were evaluated in eight healthy beagle dogs. Antigens (4 and 0.4 mg/ml) and saline controls were applied for 48 h using filter paper discs in Finn chambers. At the first test, two dogs showed patch test reactivity 20 min and 24 h after patch removal. Four out of six dogs that did not react to the first patch test showed reactivity when re-tested on day 8. Two remaining dogs were patch tested for a third time on day 15, after 7 days of cutaneous challenge with suspensions of M. pachydermatis cells, but failed to display reactivity. Positive patch test reactions were characterized histologically by mild epidermal hyperplasia, superficial dermal oedema and mild to moderate perivascular, periadnexal and interstitial infiltrates of neutrophils and CD3+ lymphocytes. Four dogs showed delayed intradermal test reactivity to M. pachydermatis antigens but intradermal and patch test reactivity did not correlate. This study indicates that patch test reactivity to M. pachydermatis antigen occurs in some healthy dogs exposed to the yeast, or may develop after a short period of antigen exposure. Further studies of patch test reactivity are warranted in dogs with disease associated with this cutaneous yeast.
Animals↗
Patch test responses to Malassezia pachydermatis in healthy basset hounds and in basset hounds with Malassezia dermatitis.
The effects of the patch test application of Malassezia pachydermatis extracts were evaluated in seven healthy basset hounds and in seven basset hounds with Malassezia dermatitis. Antigens (4 and 0.4 mg/ml) and saline controls were applied for 48 h using filter paper discs in Finn chambers. One healthy basset hound and five affected hounds showed positive patch test reactivity to the yeast antigens. Positive patch test reactions were characterized histologically by mild epidermal hyperplasia and mild to moderate perivascular, periadnexal and interstitial infiltrates of neutrophils and CD3+ lymphocytes. Immediate intradermal test reactivity to M. pachydermatis antigens was seen in one healthy and one affected hound, whereas delayed intradermal test reactivity was seen in six healthy hounds and five affected hounds. This study indicates that patch test reactivity to M. pachydermatis antigen may occur in healthy basset hounds, and in contrast to delayed intradermal test reactivity, is more frequent in basset hounds with Malassezia dermatitis.
Allergens↗
A systematic review of the associations between age and sex and the operative risks of carotid endarterectomy.
BACKGROUND: Randomized trials of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis have demonstrated that benefit is decreased in women, due partly to a high operative risk, which is independent of age. However, it is uncertain whether these trial-based observations are generalisable to routine clinical practice. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of all publications reporting data on the association between age and/or sex and procedural risk of stroke and/or death following CEA from 1980 to 2004. RESULTS: 62 eligible papers reported relevant data. Females had a higher rate of operative stroke and death (25 studies, OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17-1.47, p < 0.001) than males, but no increase in operative mortality (15 studies, OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.81-0.86, p = 0.78). Compared with younger patients, operative mortality was increased at > or =75 years (20 studies, OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07-1.68, p = 0.02), at age > or =80 years (15 studies, OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.26-2.45, p < 0.001) and in older patients overall (35 studies, OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.26-1.78, p < 0.001). In contrast, risk of non-fatal stroke did not increase with age and so the combined perioperative risk was only slightly increased at age > or =75 years (21 studies, OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.94-1.44, p = 0.06), at age > or =80 years (10 studies, OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.92-1.36, p = 0.34) and in older patients overall (36 studies, OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04-1.31, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of age and sex on the operative risk of CEA in published case series are consistent with those observed in the trials. Operative risk of stroke is increased in women and operative mortality is increased in patients aged > or =75 years.
Adult↗
Bovine and canine transferrin inhibit the growth of Malassezia pachydermatis in vitro.
Transferrin, an iron-binding beta-globulin protein that transports iron to mammalian cells, may contribute to innate immunity to fungal pathogens, primarily by limiting microbial access to iron. We investigated whether unsaturated (apo) canine and bovine transferrin had an inhibitory effect in vitro on Malassezia pachydermatis, an important opportunistic cutaneous yeast pathogen of dogs. M. pachydermatis strains were grown at 32 degrees C in 96-well culture plates using Sabouraud's liquid medium containing canine or bovine apo-transferrin at concentrations ranging from 10.6 to 0.7 mg/ml. Optical densities (OD492) in the treated and control wells were measured and then compared between treatments. Bovine and canine transferrin inhibited (P < 0.01) yeast growth at all concentrations tested after five and six days of incubation; inhibition by 5.3 mg/ml exceeded (P < 0.05) that of 0.7 mg/ml on day six. Unsaturated and saturated bovine transferrin had comparable inhibitory effects on the growth of four strains, indicating that the inhibitory effects of transferrin on M. pachydermatis are not dependent upon iron depletion. These studies suggest that transferrin may contribute to innate immunity to M. pachydermatis in dogs and cattle.
Animals↗
Canine serum immunoreactivity to M. pachydermatis in vitro is influenced by the phase of yeast growth.
In western immunoblotting studies of canine sera using Malassezia pachydermatis extracts, the reported patterns of immunoreactivity vary between different laboratories. Because the duration of culture influences the antigenic composition of lipid-dependent Malassezia spp. when probed with human sera, we investigated whether the in vitro growth phase of M. pachydermatis influences immunoreactivity using canine sera. Extracts of M. pachydermatis CBS 1879 grown in Sabouraud's liquid medium at 37 degrees C for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days were prepared by mechanical disruption, centrifugation, dialysis and lyophilization. Yeast growth phase was assessed by sequential colony counts and optical density measurements. Patterns of IgG immunoreactivity in high (n = 3) and low (n = 3) titre sera were compared using extracts prepared at each time point by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western immunoblotting. Protein bands of 62 and 49 kDa were recognized by all sera, and 98 and 68 kDa bands were recognized by five sera. Proteins of 188, 66, 58, 57, 38, 28 and 17 kDa were only recognized by high titre sera. All high titre sera used recognized more bands in exponential phase (d2) extracts when compared with decline phase (d8-d10) extracts, and two of these sera showed most bands in stationary phase (d4-d6) extracts. Bands of 62 and 57 kDa were primarily detected in exponential and early stationary phase extracts. There is variation in antigenic expression in different growth phases of M. pachydermatis, which might explain discrepancies between previous laboratory studies of canine immunity to this yeast.
Animals↗
Molecular phylogeny of isolates of Ctenocephalides felis and related species based on analysis of ITS1, ITS2 and mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences and random binding primers.
The phylogenetic relationships among 31 different flea isolates representing seven different species were studied by nucleotide sequence comparison of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and/or mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (mt16S-rDNA) to examine the patterns of variation. Results show that all regions are useful in discriminating among flea species. In Ctenocephalides felis and Tunga penetrans, some differences in these gene regions occurred among different isolates within the same species. In the latter case, the differences are in the mt16S-rDNA region, with one isolate showing 48% divergence in nucleotide sequence. The taxonomic implications of this result are unclear at present. The gene regions revealed differences between C. felis isolates only after DNA sequencing the PCR products. Further differentiation among C. felis isolates was obtained using four different random binding primers (decamers) and primers for mammalian aldolase to amplify narrow differences in the genome. Using these primers we were able to discriminate between different C. felis isolates and determine that some of the genetic variation coincided with minor differences in response to the control agent imidacloprid. However, overall findings do not support the existence of subspecies of C. felis.
Animals↗
Time trends in the published risks of stroke and death due to endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis.
BACKGROUND: Large randomised trials performed in the 1980s and early 1990s showed that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is beneficial for patients with recently symptomatic severe stenosis. Some surgeons have argued that the operative risk of stroke and death has fallen over the last decade due to refinements in operative technique, and that the indications for surgery should therefore now be broadened. Yet, studies of routinely collected data report higher operative mortality than in the trials, and surgical case series without independent post-operative assessment by a neurologist may not provide reliable data on stroke risk. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of all studies published between 1994 and 2001 inclusive that which reported the risks of stroke and death for symptomatic carotid stenosis, and compared the reported risks and patient characteristics with those in the ECST and NASCET and with our previous review of studies published prior to 1995. Pooled estimates of the operative risk of stroke and death were obtained by Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis. RESULTS: Of 383 studies published between 1994 and 2001, only 45 reported operative risks for patients with symptomatic stenosis separately. The pooled operative risk of stroke and death reported in studies published by surgeons only (4.2%, 95% CI = 2.9-5.5, 34 studies) was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than that in the ECST and NASCET combined (7.0%, 95% CI = 6.2-8.0), whereas the pooled risk reported in studies that involved neurologists was similar (6.5%, 95% CI = 4.3-8.7, 11 studies, p = 0.6). In contrast, operative mortality in ECST and NASCET was significantly lower than in other studies published between 1994 and 2001. By comparison with our previous review, when stratified according to involvement of neurologists, we found no evidence of a reduction in published risks of death or stroke and death due to CEA between 1985 and 2001. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of a systematic reduction over the last decade in the published risks of stroke and death due to CEA for symptomatic stenosis. Operative risks in studies with comparable outcome assessment are similar to ECST and NASCET. The surgical data from the large trials are still likely therefore to be applicable to routine clinical practice.
Carotid Stenosis↗
Dietary trials with a commercial chicken hydrolysate diet in 63 pruritic dogs.
The owners of 63 pruritic dogs were instructed to feed them a chicken hydrolysate diet exclusively for six weeks as part of diagnostic investigations into non-seasonal pruritus. Ectoparasitism and microbial infections were eliminated during the dietary trial. The dogs' skin lesions, gastrointestinal signs and frequency of defecation were assessed and scores for pruritus were assigned before they started the diet and before and after they resumed their original diet. An adverse food reaction was diagnosed if the pruritus resolved while they were on the diet, but recurred when they resumed their original food regimen. Seventeen of the 63 dogs were withdrawn from the trial, including four which found the diet unpalatable; however, its palatability was reported to be good or excellent in 48 of the dogs. An adverse food reaction alone was diagnosed in nine (19.6 per cent) of the 46 dogs and another nine had an adverse food reaction and atopy. There were gastrointestinal signs in six of the nine dogs with an adverse food reaction, which resolved on the trial diet but recurred when they resumed their original diet.
Animal Feed↗
Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty.
BACKGROUND: Some surgeons who use carotid patching favour using a patch made from an autologous vein, whilst others prefer to use synthetic materials. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the safety and efficacy of different materials for carotid patch angioplasty. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register (last searched November 2002). In addition, we searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2001), MEDLINE (1966 to December 2001), EMBASE (1980 to December 2001) and Index to Scientific and Technical Proceedings (1980 to 2001). We also handsearched eight journals and five conference proceedings. Reference lists were checked and we contacted experts in the field to identify further published and unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing one type of carotid patch with another for carotid endarterectomy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, trial quality, and extracted the data MAIN RESULTS: The previous version of this review included three trials involving 326 operations. Since then a further five trials have been reported, increasing the number of operations to 1480. Prior to 1995, all studies had compared vein closure with PTFE closure, but three of the later studies compared vein to Dacron grafts instead and one compared Dacron with PTFE. Allocation was not adequately concealed in two trials, and one only followed up patients to the time of hospital discharge. Intention to treat analysis was possible for six trials. In all but two trials a patient could be randomised twice and have each carotid artery randomised to different treatment groups. There were too few operative events to determine whether there was any difference between the vein and Dacron patches for perioperative stroke, death and arterial complications. The one study that compared Dacron and PTFE patches found a significant risk of combined stroke and transient ischaemic attack (p = 0.03) and restenosis at 30 days (p = 0.01), a borderline significant risk of perioperative stroke (p = 0.06), and a non significant increased risk of perioperative carotid thrombosis (p = 0.1) with dacron compared with PTFE. Five trials followed up patients for longer than 30 days. During follow-up for more than one year, no difference was shown between the two types of patch for the risk of stroke, death, or arterial restenosis. However, the number of events was small. Based on 15 events in 776 patients in four trials, there were significantly fewer pseudoaneurysms associated with synthetic patches than vein (odds ratio [OR] 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02 to 0.49) but the numbers involved were small and the clinical significance of this finding is uncertain. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: It is likely that the differences between different types of patch material are very small. Consequently, many more data than are currently available will be required to establish whether any differences do exist. Some evidence exists that PTFE patches may be superior to Colagen impregnated Dacron grafts in terms of perioperative stroke rates and restenosis. However the evidence is based upon data from a single, small trial and more studies that compare different types of synthetic graft are required to make firm conclusions. Psuedo aneurysm formation may be more common after use of a vein patch compared with a synthetic patch.
Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy.
BACKGROUND: Carotid endarterectomy reduces the risk of stroke in people with recently symptomatic, severe carotid artery stenosis. However, there are significant perioperative risks which may be lessened by performing the operation under local rather than general anaesthetic. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to assess the risks of endarterectomy under local compared with general anaesthetic. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Stroke Group trials register (April 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to April 2003), EMBASE (1980 to 2002), and Index to Scientific and Technical Proceedings (1980 to 1994). We handsearched 13 relevant journals up to 2002, and searched the reference lists of articles identified. We also advertised the review in Vascular News (a newspaper for European vascular specialists) in August 2001. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials and non-randomised studies comparing carotid endarterectomy under local versus general anaesthetic. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One reviewer selected studies for inclusion and another independently checked the decisions. Two reviewers assessed trial quality and independently extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS: Seven randomised trials involving 554 operations, and 41 non-randomised studies involving 25622 operations were included. The methodological quality of the non-randomised trials was questionable. Eleven of the non-randomised studies were prospective and 29 reported on a consecutive series of patients. In nine non-randomised studies the number of arteries, as opposed to the number of patients, was unclear. Meta-analysis of the non-randomised studies showed that the use of local anaesthetic was associated with significant reductions in the odds of death (35 studies), stroke (31 studies), stroke or death (26 studies), myocardial infarction (22 studies), and pulmonary complications (7 studies), within 30 days of the operation. Meta-analysis of the randomised studies showed that the use of local anaesthetic was associated with a significant reduction in local haemorrhage (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.79) within 30 days of the operation, but there was no evidence of a reduction in the odds of operative stroke. However, the trials were too small to allow reliable conclusions to be drawn, and in some studies intention-to-treat analyses were not possible because of exclusions. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence from randomised trials comparing carotid endarterectomy performed under local and general anaesthetic. Non-randomised studies suggest potential benefits with the use of local anaesthetic, but these studies may be biased. More randomised studies are needed.
Anesthesia, General↗
Patch angioplasty versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy.
BACKGROUND: Carotid patch angioplasty (with either a venous or a synthetic patch) may reduce the risk of carotid artery restenosis and subsequent ischaemic stroke. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the safety and efficacy of routine or selective carotid patch angioplasty compared to carotid endarterectomy with primary closure. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched November 2002). In addition, we searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2001), MEDLINE (1966 to December 2001), EMBASE (1980 to December 2001) and Index to Scientific and Technical Proceedings (1980 to 2001). We also handsearched eight journals and five conference proceedings. Reference lists were checked and we contacted experts in the field to identify further published and unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing carotid patch angioplasty with primary closure in any patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, trial quality and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS: The previous review included six trials involving 794 patients undergoing 882 operations. Since the last review only one study of adequate quality to be included has been reported. This added 399 operations randomised to either primary closure, vein patch or synthetic patch groups resulting in 1127 patients undergoing 1307 operations being available for analysis. The quality of trials was generally poor. Follow-up varied from hospital discharge to five years. Carotid patch angioplasty was associated with a reduction in the risk of stroke of any type (OR = 0.33, p = 0.004), ipsilateral stroke (OR = 0.31, p = 0.0008), and stroke or death, during the perioperative period (OR = 0.39, p = 0.007) and long term follow-up (OR = 0.59, p = 0.004). It was also associated with a reduced risk of perioperative arterial occlusion (odds ratio 0.15, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.37 p = 0.00004), and decreased restenosis during long-term follow-up in five trials, (odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 0.29 p < 0.00001). These results are more certain than those of the previous review since the number of operations and events have increased. However, the sample sizes are still relatively small, data were not available from all trials, and there was significant loss to follow-up. Very few arterial complications, including haemorrhage, infection, cranial nerve palsies and pseudo-aneurysm formation were recorded with either patch or primary closure. No significant correlation was found between use of patch angioplasty and the risk of either perioperative or long-term all-cause death rates REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: Limited evidence suggests that carotid patch angioplasty may reduce the risk of perioperative arterial occlusion and restenosis. It would appear to reduce the risk of combined death or stroke and there is a non significant trend towards a reduction in all-cause mortality.
Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of patch angioplasty versus primary closure and different types of patch materials during carotid endarterectomy.
BACKGROUND: Patch angioplasty during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may reduce the risk for perioperative or late carotid artery recurrent stenosis and subsequent ischemic stroke. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of routine or selective carotid patch angioplasty compared with CEA with primary closure, and the effect of different materials used for carotid patch angioplasty. METHODS: Randomized trials were included if they compared carotid patch angioplasty with primary closure in any patients undergoing CEA or use of one type of carotid patch with another. RESULTS: Thirteen eligible randomized trials were identified. Seven trials involving 1281 operations compared primary closure with routine patch closure, and 8 trials with 1480 operations compared different patch materials (2 studies compared both). Patch angioplasty was associated with a reduction in risk for stroke of any type (P = .004), ipsilateral stroke (P = .001), and stroke or death during both the perioperative period (P = .007) and long-term follow-up (P = .004). Patching was also associated with reduced risk for perioperative arterial occlusion (P = .0001) and decreased recurrent stenosis during long-term follow-up (P < .0001). Seven trials that compared different patch types showed no difference in the risk for stroke, death, or arterial recurrent stenosis either perioperatively or at 1-year follow-up. One study of 180 patients (200 arteries) compared collagen-impregnated Dacron (Hemashield) patches with polytetrafluoroethylene patches. There was a significant increase in risk for stroke (P = .02), combined stroke and transient ischemic attack (P = .03), and recurrent stenosis (P = .01) at 30 days, and an increased risk for late recurrent stenosis greater than 50% (P < .001) associated with Dacron compared with polytetrafluoroethylene. CONCLUSIONS: Carotid patch angioplasty decreases the risk for perioperative death or stroke, and long-term risk for ipsilateral ischemic stroke. More data are required to establish differences between various patch materials.
Angioplasty↗
Clinical, histopathological and immunological effects of exposure of canine skin to Malassezia pachydermatis.
The effects of the daily application for 7 days of suspensions of Malassezia pachydermatis to normal canine skin were evaluated in 10 beagle dogs. Four out of six dogs challenged without occlusion developed transient lesions generally characterized clinically by mild erythema with papules and histologically by mild epidermal hyperplasia and a superficial perivascular dermatitis. Saline-treated control sites showed no clinical signs. In four dogs challenged with occlusion, skin lesions occurred at both yeast and saline-treated sites; erythema and papules were more severe at the yeast-treated sites in three dogs. Occlusion induced more persistent lesions, which resolved within 24 days. Population densities of the yeast were highest at day 8 and declined rapidly following cessation of application. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation indices following M. pachydermatis exposure in vitro and serum concentrations of M. pachydermatis-specific IgG antibodies did not vary significantly during the study. Delayed (24 h) intradermal test reactivity to M. pachydermatis antigens developed in all eight dogs with clinical signs following yeast exposure. This study suggests that the resistance of healthy canine skin to infection by M. pachydermatis is mediated by local delayed hypersensitivity responses and, or innate epidermal immune mechanisms.
Animals↗
Isolation of Malassezia pachydermatis from the skin of captive rhinoceroses.
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Animals↗
Progress of the international work of the "Imidacloprid Flea Susceptibility Monitoring Team".
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Animals↗
Systematic review of the risks of carotid endarterectomy in relation to the clinical indication for and timing of surgery.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reliable data on the risk of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in relation to clinical indication and timing of surgery are necessary to target CEA more effectively, to inform patients, to adjust risks for case mix, and to understand the mechanisms of operative stroke. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of all studies published from 1980 to 2000 inclusive that reported the risk of stroke and death resulting from CEA. Pooled estimates of risk by type of presenting ischemic event and time since the last event were obtained by Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis. RESULTS: Of 383 published studies, only 103 stratified risk by indication. Although the operative risk for symptomatic stenosis overall was higher than for asymptomatic stenosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45 to 1.81; P<0.00001; 59 studies), risk in patients with ocular events only tended to be lower than for asymptomatic stenosis (OR, 0.75, 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.14; 15 studies). Operative risk was the same for stroke and cerebral transient ischemic attack (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.35; P=0.08; 23 studies) but higher for cerebral transient ischemic attack than for ocular events only (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.72 to 3.12; P<0.00001; 19 studies) and for CEA for restenosis than primary surgery (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.16; P=0.018; 6 studies). Urgent CEA for evolving symptoms had a much higher risk (19.2%, 95% CI, 10.7 to 27.8) than CEA for stable symptoms (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.7 to 5.7; P<0.001; 13 studies), but there was no difference between early (<3 to 6 weeks) and late (>3 to 6 weeks) CEA for stroke in stable patients (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.62; P=0.62; 11 studies). All observations were highly consistent across studies. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of stroke and death resulting from CEA is highly dependent on the clinical indication. Audits of risk should be stratified accordingly, and patients should be informed of the risk that relates to their presenting event.
Carotid Stenosis↗
Synergistic inhibition of the growth in vitro of Microsporum canis by miconazole and chlorhexidine.
An agar dilution technique was used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of miconazole, chlorhexidine and a 1:1 combination of both agents for 10 isolates of Microsporum canis. For nine of 10 of the isolates, a combination of miconazole and chlorhexidine was more effective than either agent alone; fractional inhibitory concentration indices indicated a synergistic effect for five isolates and an additive effect for four. These results illustrate the potent antimycotic effect of miconazole and chlorhexidine against M. canis and are in accordance with previous clinical studies that showed the value of using miconazole and chlorhexidine shampoo in association with oral griseofulvin in the treatment of feline dermatophytosis caused by M. canis.
Animals↗