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Biomedical subjects

R Breckle

Publications and source records attributed to R Breckle.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Polyhydramnios: ultrasonically detected prevalence and neonatal outcome.

During obstetric ultrasound examinations of 10,214 patients at a tertiary perinatal unit, 102 cases of mild to severe polyhydramnios were detected, a prevalence rate of 1.04%. When referred patients were excluded, a prevalence rate of 0.93% was obtained. An etiology for polyhydramnios was apparent in 16.5% of patients with mild polyhydramnios. When polyhydramnios was characterized as moderate or severe, a definable cause was determined in 21 of 23 patients (91.3%).

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1986

Vernix in amniotic fluid: sonographic detection.

We investigated the possibility of using sonography to detect vernix caseosa, a complex fatty substance derived from desquamated epithelial cells and sebaceous material. In one of our cases, the sonographic appearance of vernix was dramatic, and its presence was confirmed at amniocentesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Average fetal depth in utero: data for estimation of fetal absorbed radiation dose.

To estimate fetal absorbed dose from radiographic examinations, the depth from the anterior maternal surface to the midline of the fetal skull and abdomen was measured by ultrasound in 97 pregnant women. The relationships between fetal depth, fetal presentation, and maternal parameters of height, weight, anteroposterior (AP) thickness, gestational age, placental location, and bladder volume were analyzed. Maternal AP thickness (MAP) can be estimated from gestational age, maternal height, and maternal weight. Fetal midskull and abdominal depths were nearly equal. Fetal depth normalized to MAP was independent or nearly independent of maternal parameters and fetal presentation. These data enable a reasonable estimation of absorbed dose to fetal brain, abdomen, and whole body.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Use of femur length in estimation of fetal weight.

Fetal weight was estimated sonographically within 3 days of delivery in 103 cases. A stepwise regression analysis was performed to evaluate fetal sex, biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length as factors in estimation of fetal weight. A new formula for calculating fetal weight was derived. Fetal sex did not affect the results obtained. Incorporation of femur length improved the reliability of the weight estimate. Because of intrapopulation and interpopulation differences, institutions using obstetric ultrasound examination techniques should establish their own formulas for estimating fetal weight.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Prenatal detection of congenital malformations by ultrasonography. Mayo Clinic experience.

Routine obstetric ultrasonography has been performed at our institution since 1974. During a recent 41-month period, 64 neonates with 83 congenital abnormalities had been scanned before delivery. The detection rate according to the organ system involved and the year in which the study was performed is reviewed. Suggestions, based upon the data presented, are given for the various anatomic sites and fetal dimensions that should be evaluated during each stage II ultrasound examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Evidence of contralateral ovulation in ectopic pregnancy.

Patients with an ectopic pregnancy were studied for documentation of the site of ovulation in order to determine the frequency with which controlateral ovulation and ovum transport occurs. Analysis of data on 135 patients in whom the site of ovulation was documented at the time of surgery and on 24 patients who were studied ultrasonically before surgery indicates that contralateral ovulation and ovum transport occurs in at least a third of ovulatory events.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Fetal razor: an aid for scalp sampling.

Scalp sampling to evaluate fetal acid-base status was introduced 20 years ago. In most instances, adequate samples may be obtained without difficulty. Occasionally, however, a region of scalp free of hair cannot be found. As a result, the sample either diffuses along the hairs that are present or clots. Although a "fetal razor" has been incorporated into the kits that are utilized to apply pO2 electrodes to the fetal scalp, none has been devised for routine fetal scalp sampling. We report the modification of a single or double-edged razor for this specific purpose.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1983

Oligohydramnios: ultrasonically detected incidence and subsequent fetal outcome.

Oligohydramnios is a hallmark for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and has been evaluated in populations suspected of having IUGR. We chose to evaluate its incidence in a routine obstetric population. During a 16-month period, ultrasound scans were performed on 1,408 patients. Severe oligohydramnios was identified in six patients (0.43%); Two infants had congenital malformations, and four had severe IUGR. A subset of 317 patients scanned within 2 weeks of delivery was reviewed. Although none of the patients fulfilled our original criterion of oligohydramnios (absence of a pocket of amniotic fluid 1 cm or more in broadest diameter), three of six small-for-gestational age infants had a subjective decrease in amniotic fluid volume for their stated gestational age. By changing the criterion of oligohydramnios to a subjective decrease in amniotic fluid volume, the sensitivity of this ultrasonic marker was increased to 50% and the specificity to 100%. We believe that the semiquantitative assessment of amniotic fluid volume can effectively screen for IUGR and thereby delineate a population, regardless of gestational age, that is at risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasonic assessment of subsequent unexplained infertility after ovulation induction.

The development of ovarian follicles was studied ultrasonographically in 21 cycles in eight infertile patients with the diagnosis of ovulatory dysfunction in whom conception did not occur after the defect had apparently been corrected. Pelvic ultrasound demonstrated three patterns in 20 of the 21 cycles studied: ovarian hyperstimulation in seven cycles; follicular atresia before ovulation in three cycles; persistent unruptured follicular cysts in 10 cycles. Recognition of these patterns has been helpful in modifying therapy in infertile patients.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1983

The relationship of placental grade by ultrasound to markers of fetal lung maturity.

Seventy-two amniocenteses with concurrent placental grading by ultrasound were performed during 66 pregnancies. No relationship was observed between placental grade and the mean ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin (L/S) or the phosphatidylglycerol concentration. Both placental grade and fetal lung maturity were interrelated by the independent variable of gestational age. The latter may explain the trend observed between a mature L/S ratio and the placental grade. Grade 3 placentas were present in only 20% of patients studied at 37 weeks of gestation or later (12 of 61 patients), and in every instance a Grade 3 placenta was associated with an absence of neonatal respiratory distress.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1983

The prenatal detection of congenital malformations by ultrasonography.

Approximately 150,000 children with congenital anomalies are born annually in the United States. Antenatal detection of these disorders would help to improve not only postpartum management but also the management of labor and delivery in the early neonatal period. With the current widespread availability of real-time ultrasound equipment, 40% of obstetric practices have all of their patients undergo scanning at least once during the antepartum period, and 75% of such practices have 50% of their patients undergo ultrasonography. Ultrasound standards for normal fetal growth and development at various gestational ages have been or are being developed. Hence, as the experience of the sonographer continues to grow, the potential for diagnosing the ever-increasing number of congenital anomalies will likewise increase. If the obstetrician suspects or is looking for a specific congenital anomaly, an initial sonogram should be obtained by 16 to 18 weeks' gestation. Serial scanning may be necessary before a definitive diagnosis can be made or a particular anomaly can be excluded.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗