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Biomedical subjects

R Bugat

Publications and source records attributed to R Bugat.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Exhausted platelets in patients with malignant solid tumors without evidence of active consumption coagulopathy.

Twenty-four patients with various types of tumors and without evidence of consumption coagulopathy (normal routine coagulation tests) were investigated for intraplatelet ATP, ADP, serotonin, beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4; the percentage of light circulating platelets was also determined. Evidence for an acquired storage pool defect was found in seven patients (29%) without any correlation with the clinical status, the presence of metastases, platelet count or fibrinogen level. These results show that exhausted platelets are commonly encountered in cancerous patients even in the absence of consumption coagulopathy. The precise mechanism of this abnormality remains to be established.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1984

[Plasma lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis].

Serial measurements of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and of its isoenzymes have been assessed as an additional marker in a study of 44 patients with non seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Its interest was compared with standard markers (AFP, beta HCG) related to clinical staging, histopathologic types and extent of the disease. Although LDH measurements were most frequently increased in stage III, its frequency of elevation was however lower than specific markers one. Abnormal levels of isoenzyme 1 could increased sensitivity of that determination. Indeed, LDH 1 was increased in all 15 cases for which it was determined, while total LDH was only disturbed in 8 cases. In patients with advanced testicular cancer and elevated LDH levels, sequential measurements of this parameter reflected the response to the therapy. A poor prognosis was associated with pathological level of LDH: while 92% of patients with normal level had a survival time upper than 5 years, no patient with elevated LDH had a survival time upper than 4 years; this difference was essentially significant in advanced stages. Serial measurement of LDH was of value as prognostic indicator and when elevated, it might be utilized as a guide for response to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Biological appraisal of liver status in adenocarcinomas.

A prospective study of the ability of laboratory tests to detect or to exclude hepatic metastases was performed. Seventy-four patients who underwent liver biopsies were divided into 3 groups: 1) 33 patients with secondary liver involvement from adenocarcinoma; 2) 21 subjects suffering from a non-malignant hepatic disease, and 3) 20 cancerous patients free of overt hepatic metastases. They were investigated with 7 laboratory tests. No single test had a positive predictive value higher than 75%. This percentage was increased to 84% by combining the results of both CEA and rapidly migrating liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme ALP 1. More important was the fact that when those parameters were both normal, the negative predictive value was 93%, thus tending to exclude a liver metastatic involvement with an acceptable confidence limit.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Radiotherapeutic study of changes in the levels of circulating eosinophils, total lymphocytes and T lymphocytes].

Twenty-three cancer patients treated only by regional irradiation were studied. Radiotherapy was delivered to the pelvis in 14 patients and to the mediastinum in 9. T lymphocytes were evaluated with the Jondal technique. Before treatment, lymphocyte counts were identical in patients and controls. Decreases in total lymphocytes and T lymphocytes became significant in both groups after 40 Gy. Significant rises in eosinophil counts were found only after abdominal irradiation and seemed unrelated to variations in lymphocyte counts.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Cancer of the rectum: preoperative radiotherapy (344 cases)].

Radiation therapy prescribed as an adjuvant to surgery is an effective treatment of many cancers but has not been universally accepted for treatment of rectal cancer. Since 1969, preoperative radiation therapy of rectal carcinoma has been proposed in a curative intent, both at Centre Paul Lamarque in Montpellier and at Centre Claudius Regaud in Toulouse, France. Megavoltage radiotherapy was used in all patients and doses ranges from 35 to 40 Gy during 2.5 to 3 weeks. Among the 344 patients treated between 1969 and 1981, the ratio of abdominoperineal excision to anterior resection was 239/105, the percentage of pelvic recurrence was 7,8 per cent, and the 5-year survival rate, including postoperative mortality (5.2%) was 78 per cent in the Centre Claudius Regaud series and 64 per cent in the Centre Paul Lamarque series. The 10-year survival rate was 50 per cent. There was no evidence of an increased morbidity following irradiation. Pathologic staging showed no residual tumour in the excised specimen in 5.2 per cent of the cases. The number of Dukes'C cases was smaller than according to the clinical pre-treatment assessment of the tumours (16%). Ultrasonography of the liver and plasmatic CEA determination avoid irradiation of metastatic patients. Further development of this curative approach should include a postoperative boost of 25 Gy for patients who are at high risk for local failure in the pelvis, and an adjuvant chemotherapy for Dukes'C patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Postoperative irradiation of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas area: short-time tolerance and results to precision high-dose technique in 18 patients.

During the period from January 1977-August 1979, 18 patients with biopsy-proven pancreas duct or ampullary adenocarcinoma with no distant or liver metastases underwent external beam radiation therapy following laparotomy. With the use of a 25 MEV photon beam and a four field "box" technique, the dose delivered to the target volume identified with radio-opaque clips at laparotomy was 6000 rad in six weeks, while largely sparing the spinal cord, kidney, liver and gut. All patients subjected to low fat, gluten free diet completed treatment as planned without any acute reaction. Three patients developed delayed pancreatic insufficiency. According to actuarial survival analysis and low morbidity such an approach may lead to increase survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

[Primary tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter: value of postoperative external radiotherapy (author's transl)].

Twenty-four observations of primary malignant tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter derived from epithelial cells were included in this study. Thirteen patients were treated by radiotherapy and surgery. In eleven patients, surgical excision was the only treatment. Although patients were not randomized there was no significant difference between the two groups concerning the following parameters: age distribution, sex ratio, stage of disease, histological grade, surgical procedure. The morbidity related to external radiotherapy (megavoltage technique, delivering 45 grays in 5 weeks) was low: only one patient developed retroperitoneal fibrosis. No patient was lost to follow-up. Local recurrence occurred in 54.5% of the patients treated by surgery alone, against 15.5% after combined radio-surgical therapy. The overall three-year survival rate was 35% without any significant difference between the two groups. The authors advocate postoperative high-voltage radiotherapy for non-disseminated carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Determination of circulating ectopic beta HCG in solid tumors (author's transl)].

The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (betaHCG) was performed on the serum of 1 850 patients with microscopically documented non trophoblastic carcinomas. 96 patients (5,2%) had elevated betaHCG plasma levels. The incidence of elevated plasma values varied little from one studied malignancy to another; the highest circulating levels were observed in patient's with bladder carcinomas (22,2%), squamous cell carcinomas of the bronchus (14,2%), pancreatic (20%) and colo-rectum (15,7%) adenocarcinomas. BetaHCG determinations did not improved the diagnostic sensibility of CEA values except for the bladder carcinomas. The short mean survival of patients with positive betaHCG values suggests that elevated ectopic betaHCG, sometime during the clinical course of metastatic maligancies worsens the prognosis.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1981

[Dysgerminoma of the ovary: a study of 13 cases (author's transl)].

Thirteen cases of primary ovarian seminoma have been referred to the Claudius Regaud Cancer Center during the last 2 decades, patients' ages ranging form 10 to 41 years with a peak in the 20's. Two patients were treated by surgery as definitive therapy, the others underwent combined radiation therapy (dose range 25 to 45 Gy) following surgical excision. The 2 patients treated by surgery alone had pelvic recurrences, whereas only 2 local failures appeared in the group treated by surgery and radiotherapy. Ten patients are asymptomatic and clinically free of disease after a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, the mean survival time of the series being 6 years. Because of the generally improved prognosis, surgical oophoropexy is recommended before radiotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The measurement of total lactic dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in solid tumours.

The routine practice of making enzymatic assessments for the purposes of cancer diagnosis, including the determination of total amount of LDH provides only limited information. However, the total amount of LDH may be used to monitor the effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy in certain tumours, such as epithelial tumours and germ-cell tumours of the ovaries, non Hodgkin's lymphomas or malignant tumours of the testicles. The differentiation of LDH isoenzymes, with a view to linking their pattern to precise localizations has been studied. In germ-cell testicular tumours, there is a marked increase in LDH 1. In liver metastases, LDH 5 and/or LDH 4 are disturbed in 90% of the cases, while the total amount of LDH is raised in only 72% of the cases. In many cases, the association of a disturbance in the serum ratio of the total amount of LDH and a disturbance in the isoenzymes of LDH 4 and LDH 5 associated with a high level of GGT indicate the presence of liver metastases.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Estrogen and progestin regulation of the progesterone receptor concentration in human endometrium.

The concentration of the progesterone receptor (PR), both cytosol and nuclear, has been measured in the endometrium of 31 normal menstruating women during the 2 phases of their menstrual cycle and compared with the plasma 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone concentrations. There was no relationship between PR concentrations and the plasma steroid levels when the 2 phases of the cycle were considered; however, a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.70; P less than 0.005) was observed between PR concentration and plasma 17 beta-estradiol when only the follicular phase was considered. PR was then measured in the endometrium of 14 postmenopausal patients treated with ethinylestradiol at increasing doses with or without association of chlormadinone acetate. Ethinylestradiol was shown to increase PR concentration (P less than 0.05), and chlormadinone acetate was found to prevent this increase. These data suggest that in humans, as in other mammalian species, the endometrial PR concentration is under estrogen and progestin control.

Chlormadinone Acetate↗
PubMed1977

[Kinetics of I-131 fibrinogen in cancer patients: pharmacological approach].

The results obtained in a previous study using 131I fibrinogen in cancerous patients suggested a local intravascular clotting precess. In order to elucidate the mechanism of fibrinogen kinetic abnormalities different drugs, including heparin, prednisone, ticlopidin, aspirin and indomethacin were administered in 68 patients and their effects evaluated by change in the 311I fibrinogen disappearance rate. The results suggest that these drugs may counteract with the early stages of coagulation (kinin-forming system, factor XII) and that abnormal 131I fibrinogen kinetic in cancer would be a non specific phenomenon.

Aspirin↗