Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R C Rinn.
A pathognomic sign of mania, the Extrapolated Area Response (EAR), was described and explicated within the context of the TRAUT (Tripartite Classification of Autisms) system of categorizing Rorschach autisms. The EAR was interpreted as reflecting a person's tendency to expand his ambit beyond the confines of objective reality. Empirical validation is required.
Exner's WSUM6 score includes only a select few of the Rorschach "autisms" (i.e., perceptual-cognitive distortions) observed by various authors over the years. A logical and clinically relevant classification scheme was presented which is inclusive enough to capture most types of Rorschach autisms. These include relationship errors (RELERs), hyperattentional errors (HYPERs), and errors of underattention (HYPOs). Empirical comparisons among diagnostic groups on these three categories of autisms were recommended.
This study investigated disturbances in body image perception with anorexic, obese and control groups (N = 24). Each group was comprised of 8 female subjects matched for age. An original silhouette chart and chi squares were employed, and a significant difference was found among the groups in the perception of the present-self body image (chi 2 (8) = 24.19, p less than .01), body image at plus 10 pounds (chi 2 (6) = 27.63, p less than .01), and body image at minus 10 pounds (chi 2 (8) = 26.05, p less than .01). No differences among the groups appeared in perceived ideal-self body image or in their perception of the body image that was expected from their families. A directional trend was noted in anorexic overestimation and obese underestimation on the total concept of body image. Significant differences among the groups as judged via a semantic differential technique were found for personality descriptions of happy/sad, active/passive, popular/unpopular, effective/ineffective, competent/incompetent, smart/stupid, and cold/warm.
Eye color research has centered primarily on the dimension of self-paced vs. reactive performance. Self-paced activities are those in which the individual may initiate the activity when he/she chooses while the stimulus situation remains relatively constant. Reactive activities must be initiated at the precise time dictated by a rapidly changing stimulus situation. The present study examined the relationship between outcomes of behaviorally oriented treatment for children (N = 366) and eye color. The findings were consistent with theoretical expectations: Dark-eyed children and teenagers responded better to reactive treatment programs than their light-eyed counterparts, while the reverse was true for self-paced treatment programs. Implications for research and practice were discussed.
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To examine the effects of three modes of nursing attire on the behaviors, e.g., aggressive behavior, leaving the unit against medical advice, of psychiatric inpatients, nurses were clad in white uniforms for 6 wk., then in street clothes for 6 wk., optional dress for 6 wk., street clothes for 3 wk., white uniforms for 3 wk., and optional dress for 3 wk. Data from each mode were combined, yielding three experimental conditions. Results showed the greatest rates of maladaptive behaviors occurred during the white uniforms condition followed by the optional and street clothes conditions, respectively. An explanation of this outcome based upon patient's expectations was presented.