PubMed HealthSearch

PubMed · 8177672

A proposed classification scheme for Rorschach autisms.

Abstract

Exner's WSUM6 score includes only a select few of the Rorschach "autisms" (i.e., perceptual-cognitive distortions) observed by various authors over the years. A logical and clinically relevant classification scheme was presented which is inclusive enough to capture most types of Rorschach autisms. These include relationship errors (RELERs), hyperattentional errors (HYPERs), and errors of underattention (HYPOs). Empirical comparisons among diagnostic groups on these three categories of autisms were recommended.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

E E Wagner, R C Rinn. 1994. A proposed classification scheme for Rorschach autisms.. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.1.29

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

Enhancement of selective listening by illusory mislocation of speech sounds due to lip-reading.

Mechanisms of human attention allow selective processing of just the relevant events among the many stimuli bombarding our senses. Most laboratory studies examine attention within just a single sense, but in the real world many important events are specified multimodally, as in verbal communication. Speech comprises visual lip movements as well as sounds, and lip-reading contributes to speech perception, even for listeners with good hearing, by a process of audiovisual integration. Such examples raise the problem of how we coordinate our spatial attention across the sensory modalities, to select sights and sounds from a common source for further processing. Here we show that this problem is alleviated by allowing some cross-modal matching before attentional selection is completed. Cross-modal matching can lead to an illusion, whereby sounds are mislocated at their apparent visual source; this crossmodal illusion can enhance selective spatial attention to speech sounds.

Attention

Just say no: how are visual searches terminated when there is no target present?

How should a visual search task be terminated when no target is found? Such searches could end after a serial search through all items, but blank trials in many tasks are terminated too quickly for that to be plausible. This paper proposes a solution based on Wolfe's (1994) Guided Search model. The probability that each item is a target is computed in parallel based on items' differences from each other and their similarity to the desired target. This probability is expressed as an activation. Activations are examined in decreasing order until the target is found or until an activation threshold is reached. This threshold is set adaptively by the observer--more conservative following misses, more liberal following successful trials. In addition, observers guess on some trials. The probability of a guess increases as trial duration increases. The model successfully explains blank trial performance. Specific predictions are tested by experiments.

Attention

Visual search performance with complete and incomplete visual lobe areas.

A simulation study of the effects of visual lobe shape and search strategy on search performance is reported. Using a homogeneous pattern search task that did not dictate eye fixation movements (as in reading), three basic categories of strategy and two lobe shapes were tested. Random strategies with controlled overlap of lobe areas, representing various degrees of memory, were found to produce better performance (faster search times with equal or better detection rates) than either a completely random strategy or systematic strategies with various degrees of controlled visual lobe area overlap. The controlled overlap random strategies were far better able to compensate for non-optimum interfixation distances and distortion of visual lobe shape than systematic strategies.

Attention