Non-response in alcohol and drug surveys: a research topic in need of further attention.
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Alcohol Drinking↗
Biomedical subjects
R Caetano
Publications and source records attributed to R Caetano.
Intimate partner violence, dependence symptoms and social consequences from drinking among white, black and Hispanic couples in the United States.
This study estimates the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol-dependence symptoms, social consequences from drinking, and drug use among white, black, and Hispanic couples. A probability sample of 555 white, 358 black, and 527 Hispanic couples in the U.S. household population was interviewed in 1995. The response rate was 85%. Bivariate analysis indicates that most problem status variables are associated with increased rates of male-to-female (MFPV) and female-to-male (FMPV) partner violence. Logistic regression analyses showed that predictors of MFPV and FMPV vary by ethnicity.
Adult↗
DUI-arrest characteristics among white and Mexican-American DUI offenders mandated for treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To report cross-ethnic differences among white and Mexican-American DUI offenders on the characteristics of an arrest (index) that brought subjects to treatment. METHOD: Subjects are 250 (223 male) whites and 249 (187 male) Mexican Americans consecutively admitted to five DUI offender programs in a Northern California county. Interviews averaged 1 hour in length and were conducted in the programs by trained interviewers. The response rate was 71% for whites and 84% for Mexican Americans. RESULTS: At the time of the arrest, Mexican Americans were driving cars older than those driven by whites. A higher proportion of Mexican Americans than whites reported having consumed 10 or more drinks before the arrest. The most frequent locale for drinking before the arrest was "home or friends' home" for Mexican Americans and a "bar/tavern/club" for whites. CONCLUSIONS: Cross-ethnic differences related to the circumstance of the arrest (car year) do not fully explain the higher rates of DUI arrest among Mexican Americans, compared with whites. Differences in drinking locale before arrest suggest that server intervention efforts may not be as effective in preventing DUI for Mexican Americans as they are for whites. Prevention interventions with Mexican Americans should center on the family, as a means to minimize drinking at home and decrease the large number of drinks consumed on a particular occasion by Mexican Americans.
Adolescent↗
Alcohol-related intimate partner violence among white, black, and Hispanic couples in the United States.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem in the United States. Results from a 1995 national study indicated that 23 percent of the black couples, 11.5 percent of the white couples, and 17 percent of the Hispanic couples surveyed reported an incident of male-to-female partner violence in the 12 months preceding the survey. The rate of female-to-male partner violence was also high: 15 percent among white couples, 30 percent among black couples, and 21 percent among Hispanic couples. The higher prevalence of IPV among ethnic minorities, compared with whites, cannot be explained by any single factor, but seems to be related to risk factors associated with the individual, the type of relationship between partners, and factors in the environment. Alcohol plays an important part in IPV. The study found that 30 to 40 percent of the men and 27 to 34 percent of the women who perpetrated violence against their partners were drinking at the time of the event. Alcohol-related problems were associated with IPV among blacks and whites, but not among Hispanics. Alcohol's role in partner violence may be explained by people's expectations that alcohol will have a disinhibitory effect on behavior or by alcohol's direct physiological disinhibitory effect. It is also possible that people consciously use alcohol as an excuse for their violent behavior or that alcohol appears to be associated with violence because both heavier drinking and violence have common predictors, such as an impulsive personality.
Black or African American↗
Hispanics, Blacks and White driving under the influence of alcohol: results from the 1995 National Alcohol Survey.
OBJECTIVE: To report nationwide survey data on patterns of driving under the influence of alcohol among Whites, Blacks and Hispanics. METHOD: Data were obtained from a probability sample consisting of 1582 Blacks, 1585 Hispanics and 1636 Whites in the US household population. Interviews averaging 1 h in length were conducted in respondents' homes by trained interviewers. RESULTS: Self-reported rates of driving a car after having drunk enough 'to be in trouble if stopped by the police' were highest among White and Hispanic men (22 and 21%, respectively), as were lifetime arrest rates for driving under the influence of alcohol (13% for White men, 19% for Hispanic men). Additionally, our analyses suggest that drinkers who drive under the influence of alcohol are more likely to be men (regardless of ethnicity), consume more alcohol, and be alcohol dependent than drinkers who do not engage in alcohol-impaired driving.
Adult↗
Intimate partner violence and drinking patterns among white, black, and Hispanic couples in the U.S.
PURPOSE: Using reports from both partners, this study estimated prevalence rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) among white, black, and Hispanic couples in the U.S., and assessed the contribution of drinking patterns, psychosocial, and other sociodemographic factors to the risk of partner violence. METHODS: A multistage area probability sample consisting of 555 white, 358 black, and 527 Hispanic couples in the U.S. household population was interviewed in 1995. Logistic regression analyses revealed that predictors of IPV vary by ethnicity. RESULTS: Rates of male-to-female (MFPV) and female-to-male partner violence (FMPV) were highest among black couples (23% and 30%), followed by Hispanic (17% and 21%), and white couples (12% and 16%). Between 27 percent and 41 percent of the men, and 4 percent and 24 percent of the women were drinking at the time of the violent incident. IMPLICATIONS: Black and Hispanic couples are at higher risk for IPV than white couples and should be targeted for prevention intervention. The interrelationships among IPV, alcohol consumption, and ethnicity are complex. These findings suggest that future attempts at modeling IPV should be ethnically sensitive and, ideally, include separate analyses of each ethnic group.
Adolescent↗
Couples' drinking patterns, intimate partner violence, and alcohol-related partnership problems.
PURPOSE: Past research has revealed a strong correspondence between alcohol use and family dysfunction (e.g., Straus and Gelles in 1986 and 1990). Unfortunately, much of this research has relied on reports from only one family member. METHODS: Here, we present the results from a recent, nationwide study of alcohol-consumption patterns, alcohol-related partnership problems, and intimate partner violence (IPV) based on reports from both romantic partners of 1,615 married and cohabiting couples. RESULTS: Using the "drinking partnerships" construct developed by Roberts and Leonard in 1997, we found that despite considerable concordance between couple members' drinking behaviors, discrepant drinking patterns were strongly predictive of relational distress and the incidence of physical violence. IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that the interaction between couple members' alcohol-related behaviors has crucial implication for the health and well-being of the entire family.
Adolescent↗
Neighborhood poverty as a predictor of intimate partner violence among White, Black, and Hispanic couples in the United States: a multilevel analysis.
PURPOSE: This study assessed the contribution of neighborhood poverty, measured at the census tract level, to the risk of male-to-female and female-to-male partner violence (MFPV, FMPV) among white, black, and Hispanic couples in the United States. METHODS: As part of the 1995 National Alcohol Survey, a representative sample of married/cohabiting couples was obtained through a multistage, multicluster household probability sampling frame. The outcome variables, MFPV and FMPV, were measured through the Conflict Tactics Scale, Form R. Sociodemographic, psychosocial, and alcohol consumption covariates that were statistically significant through bivariate analysis were retained as individual-level predictors. Neighborhood poverty, indicating residence in a census tract where greater than 20% of the population lived below the Federal poverty line, was assessed by appending 1990 Census data to the primary data set. Multilevel logistic regression models were constructed, with separate analyses performed for each outcome (MFPV, FMPV) among the white, black, and Hispanic couples. RESULTS: Couples residing in impoverished neighborhoods are at increased risk for both MFPV and FMPV. The association between residence in an impoverished neighborhood and MFPV was statistically significant for black couples (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.87; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.36, 6.07). The association between residence in an impoverished neighborhood and FMPV was statistically significant for black couples and white couples. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of the socioenvironment, such as neighborhood poverty, are associated with the risk of partner violence, particularly among black couples. Policies aimed at reducing community poverty may contribute to effective partner violence prevention strategies.
Black or African American↗
Drinking and DSM-IV alcohol and drug dependence among white and Mexican-American DUI offenders.
OBJECTIVE: To report data on drinking patterns and DSM-IV alcohol and drug dependence among whites and Mexican Americans in treatment for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI). METHOD: Interviews were conducted with a sample of 250 whites and 250 Mexican Americans admitted to one of five DUI treatment programs in a Northern California county. Interviews averaged 1 hour in length and were conducted in the programs by trained interviewers. The response rate was 72% for whites and 83% for Mexican Americans. RESULTS: Whites drink most frequently, followed by U.S.-born Mexican Americans and, finally, by Mexican Americans born in Mexico. However, rates of the amount of alcohol usually consumed are higher for Mexican Americans born in Mexico than for the other two groups. Prevalence rates of DSM-IV alcohol dependence are: 29% for whites, 27% for U.S.-born Mexican Americans and 9% for those born in Mexico. Prevalence rates of DSM-IV drug dependence are: 23% for whites, 24% for U.S.-born Mexican Americans and 6% for those born in Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of alcohol and drug dependence in these DUI treatment programs are much higher than rates of dependence in the general population, independent of ethnicity. Patterns of alcohol consumption vary dramatically among whites, U.S.-born Mexican Americans and Mexican Americans born in Mexico. The large amounts of alcohol ingested per occasion by Mexican-born Mexican Americans is particularly noteworthy and may put them at more risk for DUI. However, drug use and drug dependence are higher among whites and U.S.-born Mexican Americans than among Mexican Americans born in Mexico.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Trends in situational norms and attitudes toward drinking among whites, blacks, and hispanics: 1984-1995.
The purpose of this study was to explore trends in situational norms and attitudes toward drinking and to assess the associations of norms and attitudes with current drinking and frequent heavy drinking patterns among whites, blacks, and hispanics between 1984 and 1995. Data were obtained from two nationwide probability samples of US households. Results indicated that there were no broad trends in situational norms and attitudes toward drinking between 1984 and 1995 among whites, blacks, and hispanics in the US. The variations in norms and attitudes detected between 1984 and 1995 were ethnic and gender-specific. For all of the groups studied, situational norms and attitudes were highly predictive of both current drinking and frequent heavy drinking patterns.
Adolescent↗
The identification of alcohol dependence criteria in the general population.
AIMS: To assess the criteria used to identify alcohol dependence in the general population. DESIGN AND SETTING: Two independent probability surveys of the US household population 18 years of age and older were analyzed: the 1994 National Telephone Survey (NTS-94), which interviewed 637 respondents, and the 1988 National Household Interview Survey (NHIS-88) which interviewed 43,809 respondents in their homes. PARTICIPANTS: The analyses of the NHIS-88 dataset focused on drinkers who consumed at least 12 drinks of alcohol in the 12 months prior to the survey interview (N = 22,102). The analyses of the NTS-94 dataset focused on drinkers who consumed at least one drink in the 12 months prior to the survey interview (N = 637). MEASUREMENTS: Criteria for DSM-IV alcohol dependence were operationalized using 15 items from a standardized questionnaire. FINDINGS: Analyses suggested that normal drinking behavior can be misidentified as dependence criteria. Results for men who drank up to two drinks per day suggest that if the dependence criteria were invalid, reductions in the prevalence of specific indicators of alcohol dependence would range from 0.3% to 5.2%. Correcting for the misidentification of alcohol dependence diagnosis would reduce the overall prevalence of alcohol dependence by 0.5%. Up to 7% of the men could have been diagnosed as alcohol-dependent and could have provided invalid reports. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of alcohol dependence in general population samples must include careful probing of the nature of drinking-related behavior reported by respondents. This will decrease misidentification of dependence criteria, increasing the validity of dependence diagnosis in survey research.
Adolescent↗
The structure of DSM-IV alcohol dependence in a treatment sample of Mexican and Mexican American men.
AIMS: To examine the symptom profile and factorial structure of DSM-IV alcohol dependence. DESIGN: Subjects were interviewed in program facilities by trained interviewers using a standardized questionnaire. The response rate was 95% in Mexico and 90% in the United States. SETTING: Two publicly funded inpatient facilities in Mexico and five in the United States. In Mexico the programs were located in Mexico City. In the United States the programs were located in Santa Clara County, California. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred and ninety-one Mexican and 212 Mexican American men in treatment for alcohol problems in Mexico and the United States. MEASUREMENT: Dependence criteria were assessed with the Composite Diagnostic Interview-Substance Abuse Module (CIDI-SAM). FINDINGS: The unidimensional structure of alcohol dependence fits the Mexican American data but not the Mexican data. However, when Mexican clients were divided according to place of interview (treatment program), the unidimensional structure fits one of the groups but not the other. CONCLUSIONS: The test of unidimensionality must be seen as inconclusive with regard to the Mexican data. These results highlight the potential influence that client selection methods may have on study results, especially in cross-cultural projects.
Adult↗
Alcohol-related problems and intimate partner violence among white, black, and Hispanic couples in the U.S.
OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes gender and ethnic/racial differences in the prevalence of alcohol-related problems among white, black and Hispanic couples in the United States, and assesses their contribution to the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). METHODS: Our study population consisted of 1440 white, black, and Hispanic couples obtained through a multistage area household probability sample from the 1995 National Alcohol Survey. Alcohol-related problems (i.e., drinking consequences and alcohol dependence symptoms in the last 12 months) were assessed among respondents and their partners. Male-to-female and female-to-male partner violence (MFPV, FMPV) were measured separately using the Conflict Tactics Scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol-related problems were more prevalent among men than women. Our bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant positive association between male alcohol-related problems and IPV across racial/ethnic groups, and a similar association between female alcohol-related problems and IPV for white and black couples. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, however, many of these associations were attenuated. After controlling for sociodemographic and psychosocial covariates, male alcohol-related problems were no longer significantly associated with an increased risk of MFPV among white or Hispanic couples. Female alcohol-related problems predicted FMPV, but not MFPV, among white couples. Among black couples, however, male and female alcohol-related problems remained strong predictors of intimate partner violence. SIGNIFICANCE: Alcohol-related problems are important predictors of intimate partner violence, and the exact association between problems and violence seems to be ethnic-specific. Alcohol-related problems, rather than level of alcohol consumption, may be the more relevant factor to consider in the alcohol-partner violence association. Future research is needed to explore the temporal relationships between the development of alcohol-related problems and the occurrence of partner violence.
Black or African American↗
Cultural and subgroup issues in measuring consumption.
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Adolescent↗
Trends in alcohol consumption patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics: 1984 and 1995.
OBJECTIVE: To report national trends in alcohol consumption patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics between 1984 and 1995, in relation to the recent decline in per capita consumption in the United States. METHOD: Data were obtained from two nationwide probability samples of U.S. households, the first conducted in 1984 and the second in 1995. The 1984 sample consisted of 1,777 whites, 1,947 blacks and 1,453 Hispanics; the 1995 sample consisted of 1,636 whites, 1,582 blacks and 1,585 Hispanics. On both occasions, interviews averaging 1 hour in length were conducted in respondents' homes by trained interviewers. RESULTS: Between 1984 and 1995, the rate of abstention remained stable among whites but increased among blacks and Hispanics. Frequent heavy drinking decreased among white men (from 20% to 12%), but remained stable among black (15% in both surveys) and Hispanic men (17% and 18%). Frequent heavy drinking decreased among white women (from 5% to 2%), but remained stable among black (5% in both surveys) and Hispanic women (2% and 3%). White men and women were two times more likely to be frequent heavy drinkers in 1984 than in 1995. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in per capita consumption in the U.S. is differentially influencing white, black and Hispanic ethnic groups. The stability of rates of frequent heavy drinking places blacks and Hispanics at a higher risk for problem development than whites. This finding is, therefore, a concern to public health professionals and others interested in the prevention of alcohol-related problems among ethnic groups in the United States.
Adult↗
Rates of intimate partner violence in the United States.
OBJECTIVES: Estimates of intimate partner violence in the United States based on representative samples have relied on data from one person per household or limited numbers of indicators from both partners. The purpose of this study was to estimate nationwide rates of intimate partner violence with data from both couple members by using a standardized survey instrument, the Conflict Tactics Scale. METHODS: A multistage probability sampling design was used to conduct separate face-to-face interviews in respondents' homes with both members of 1635 representative couples living in the 48 contiguous states. RESULTS: Both partners' reports were used to estimate the following lower- and upper-bound rates: 5.21% and 13.61% for male-to-female partner violence, 6.22% and 18.21% for female-to-male partner violence, and 7.84% to 21.48% for any partner-to-partner violence. CONCLUSIONS: High rates of intimate partner violence in the United States corroborate previous claims that the amount of intimate partner violence is substantial.
Adult↗
Prevalence, trends, and incidence of alcohol withdrawal symptoms: analysis of general population and clinical samples.
Analyses of the prevalence and incidence of withdrawal symptoms in the general population can provide an estimate of the frequency of alcohol dependence in the population. Similar analyses in people who are being treated for alcoholism or alcohol-related problems can identify the need for and specific types of treatment required for these populations. Three national surveys found that the prevalence of withdrawal symptoms was relatively low in the general population and has remained stable over the past 15 years. The likelihood of experiencing withdrawal symptoms increased with increasing alcohol consumption. No differences in the prevalence of withdrawal symptoms existed among ethnic groups in the general population. In a sample of patients undergoing alcoholism treatment, the prevalence of withdrawal symptoms generally was high, with lower rates among blacks than among whites and Hispanics. The prevalence of withdrawal symptoms in people undergoing treatment after being convicted of driving under the influence fell between that of the general population and that of the treatment sample.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
Alcohol consumption among racial/ethnic minorities: theory and research.
Ethnic minorities (e.g., Hispanics, blacks, Asian-Americans, and Native Americans) are still underrepresented in alcohol research in the United States. Furthermore, existing studies often do not take into consideration the variability that exists within each ethnic group, resulting in inaccurate generalizations. Studies among Hispanics have found substantial differences among Hispanic subgroups in drinking patterns and rates of alcohol-related problems. Moreover, no single variable can explain the observed patterns. Similarly, numerous factors have been shown to shape drinking patterns among blacks, including individual and environmental characteristics as well as historical and cultural factors. Different subgroups of Asian-Americans also vary substantially in their rates of drinking and heavy drinking, although their lifetime alcohol use is lower than the national average. Genetic and cultural factors, as well as stress and historic experiences, may influence drinking patterns of Asian-Americans. The widely differing drinking patterns among Native Americans also are likely shaped by a variety of influences.
Alcohol Drinking↗