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R Caetano

Publications and source records attributed to R Caetano.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The association between severity of DSM-III-R alcohol dependence and medical and social consequences.

This paper describes the relationship between severity of dependence and medical and social consequences in a clinical sample. Respondents constitute a sample of 219 men and 162 women interviewed in nine alcohol programs in a Northern California county. Results suggest that the number of dependence indicators reported by respondents is a valid indicator of severity of alcohol dependence, and that there is a positive relationship between the number of indicators and the number of medical and social consequences reported by respondents. When specific medical and social consequences are examined, an analysis restricted to men only, the number of dependence indicators is associated with stomach, heart and liver problems, DTs, hallucinations, public drunkenness, family arguments and serious accidents, but it is not associated with drunk driving arrests and job problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Relationship between two ways of measuring alcohol dependence.

One of the main difficulties hampering research with the concept of the alcohol dependence syndrome is the lack of a set of agreed-upon operational definitions of each element composing the syndrome. To illustrate the possible impact of these different operationalizations of alcohol dependence on research results, this article shows the correlation between two different sets of items used to operationalize DSM-III-R alcohol dependence in a clinical sample. Results show that the correlations between the various sets of items are low. About 60% of the correlations are in between .21 and .40. These results suggest that different operationalizations of dependence may not be measuring the same phenomena, and should not be seen as interchangeable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Operational definitions of alcohol dependence and associated factor structures.

This paper examines the impact of three different operational definitions of alcohol dependence on analyses of the factor structure of that concept. Data came from a sample of 219 men interviewed while in treatment for alcohol problems. The first operational definition was created with 20 items previously used in the literature and which are thought to represent the elements of dependence in the DSM-III-R criteria. In the second operational definition, the 20 items composing the first definition are combined under each of nine elements approximating the DSM-III-R criteria and thus analyzed. Finally, in the third operational definition, rather than using traditional items, the elements of the syndrome are defined by new items with wording close to that found in the DSM-III-R criteria. Results show variations ranging from a dual factor to a five-factor structure depending on the operational definition being analyzed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1991

Correlates of DSM-III-R alcohol dependence in treatment and general populations.

This paper describes the correlates of DSM-III-R alcohol dependence in a general population and in a treatment sample. The frequency of drinking 5 or more drinks per occasion is the only significant predictor of alcohol dependence in the general population. This indicator of drinking plus being unemployed are the predictors of alcohol dependence in the treatment sample. Severity of dependence (as assessed by the number of dependence indicators reported) in the general population sample is positively associated with the frequency of drinking 5 or more drinks, with being younger, being unmarried and being a male. In the treatment sample the correlates are the frequency of drinking 5 or more drinks, being unemployed and being older. These results suggest that alcohol dependent individuals in the treatment sample are more severely dependent and more socially marginal than their counterparts in the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The factor structure of the DSM-III-R and ICD-10 concepts of alcohol dependence.

This paper describes the factor structure of the concept of alcohol dependence as proposed in two psychiatric classifications, the DSM-III-R and the ICD-10. Subjects are 219 men and 162 women who were interviewed while in treatment for alcohol-related problems in nine different treatment programs in Contra Costa county, California. Tests of hypotheses supporting a single factor and a dual factor structure of dependence were rejected by confirmatory factor analysis. Results from exploratory factor analysis show a four factor structure for the concept of dependence in DSM-III-R. For ICD-10 there is a four factor solution among men and a three factor solution among women. The item composition of these factors vary by gender and across the two classifications. However, there is good agreement between dependence as measured by DSM-III-R and ICD-10 criteria. Since work on DSM-IV is now under way, the present research aims to provide some empirical base for how future changes should be made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Concepts of alcoholism among whites, blacks and Hispanics in the United States.

This article describes agreement with tenets associated with the disease concept of alcoholism among whites, blacks and Hispanics in the U.S. population. Data were obtained from a multistage probability sample of the household population of white, black and Hispanic adults aged 18 years and over residing in the 48 contiguous states. The response rate was 73% for whites, 76% for blacks and 72% for Hispanics. Results show a widespread support for the notion that alcoholism is a disease, independent of ethnicity. However, 40% of the whites, 62% of the blacks and 60% of the Hispanics who agree that alcoholism is an illness also agree that the alcoholic is a morally weak individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Acculturation and drinking among people of Mexican descent in Mexico and the United States.

This article studies the relationships between acculturation and drinking and alcohol-related problems among people of Mexican descent in Mexico and the United States. Subjects in the United States were part of a national probability sample of the Hispanic household population 18 years of age and older. Subjects in Mexico were randomly selected from among adult residents of the city of Morelia and an adjoining rural county, Tarimbaro, both in the State of Michoacan. Both samples were interviewed using the same questionnaire. Response rates were 72% in the United States and 92% in Mexico. Results show that Mexican-American men drink more frequently than men in Michoacan, who, as a group, drink infrequently but consume more often five or more drinks at a sitting as compared with Mexican Americans. Mexican-American women have a lower rate of abstention and a higher rate of women who drink at least once a week and who consume five drinks at a sitting at least once a year than do women in Michoacan. Among men, changes in drinking seem to occur soon after coming to the United States--often within 5 years. Among women, drinking patterns are not related to length of residence in the United States. In spite of less drinking, respondents in Michoacan report more alcohol problems than do Mexican Americans.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1988

Alcohol use among Hispanic groups in the United States.

The objective of this paper is to describe drinking patterns, alcohol problems, attitudes toward drinking and drunkenness, and attitudes toward appropriate drinking among Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban-Americans. Subjects were selected through a multistage probability procedure from the United States Hispanic population 18 years of age and older living in households. Data were collected in face to face interviews conducted in the respondent's home. The response rate for the survey was 72%. The results indicate that Mexican-Americans drink more and have more problems. While 22% of Mexican-American men report at least one alcohol problem, only 8% of Puerto Ricans and 3% of Cuban-Americans do so. Mexican-Americans are also more accepting of drinking than Puerto Ricans and Cuban-Americans. This is especially so when drinking means drinking enough to feel the effects of alcohol. The generalizability of these findings is somewhat limited by the small number of Cuban-Americans and Puerto Ricans interviewed in the 1984 survey analyzed here. Thus, rather than providing a definitive description of alcohol use among Cuban-Americans and Puerto Ricans on the mainland, this paper should be seen as an enticement for further research. Future studies with United States Hispanics should therefore attempt to confirm the findings in larger and more stable samples of these two groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Concepts of alcohol dependence: the two worlds of research and treatment.

Recent changes in DSM-III-R concept of alcohol dependence have brought to light a split in the understanding of this concept between researchers and treatment providers. This has widened the gulf between research and treatment, further hampering communications and the effective application of research findings to treatment. The growth of a literature based on treatment lore which supports an outdated model of dependence adds to the problem. Effective ways to bridge the gap between these two worlds need to be sought. Only then will research advances find application in treatment.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

A commentary on the proposed changes in DSM-III concept of alcohol dependence.

This paper discusses changes in the DSM-III diagnosis of alcohol dependence as proposed by Rounsaville, Spitzer and Williams (Am. J. Psychiatry 143 (1986) 463). The discussion covers the following issues: the changes in the concept of alcohol abuse and the expansion of the concept of alcohol dependence, the withdrawal of indicators of social and occupational impairment, the phraseology used in the new indicators, the lack of a time frame to evaluate the indicators as present, and the relationship of the new diagnosis with compulsive behaviors and with the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome of the International Classification of Diseases-9th Revision.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

Acculturation, drinking and social settings among U.S. Hispanics.

This paper reports survey data on drinking in different social settings and the acculturation of Hispanics to U.S. society. Respondents comprise a household probability sample of U.S. Hispanics. The acculturation scale resulted from the factor analysis of respondents' answer to questions on daily use and ability to speak, read and write English and Spanish; preference for media (books, radio TV, music) in English or in Spanish; ethnicity of people they interact with in their church, parties and neighborhood now and when growing up, as well as questions about values thought to be characteristic of the Hispanic way of life. Seven different social settings are considered: when having an evening meal at a restaurant; when having lunch at a restaurant; when attending clubs or organizational meetings; in bars, taverns or cocktail lounges; at parties; during evenings at home; and when friends are visiting. Analysis of these data confirm the hypothesis that Hispanics who are more acculturated go more frequently and drink more frequently than less acculturated Hispanics in a number of social settings. The effect of acculturation is independent of income and work status.

Acculturation↗