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Biomedical subjects

R Cappel

Publications and source records attributed to R Cappel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Rapid detection of IgG and IgM antibodies for cytomegalovirus by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

A simple solid phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of immunoglobulin G and M to cytomegalovirus (CMV) is described. Using this test IgM antibodies to CMV were detected in 0.7 per cent of newborns and regularly after CMV infection in transplant patients, furthermore in these latter patients IgM production was prolonged for several months. For the determination of IgG the enzyme immunoassay was more sensitive than the complement fixation test (CF) and the antibody titres were 4 to 8 fold higher. Since the ELISA test is rapid, specific and unexpensive it can become an acceptable routine diagnostic procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Different fates of hepatitis B virus markers during plasma fractionation: a clue to the infectivity of blood derivatives.

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) and associated particles, e antigen (e Ag) and DNA polymerase are unevenly distributed during Cohn's cold ethanol fractionation of plasmas positive for these markers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Most of the e Ag, Dane particles and DNA polymerase are retained in fraction III whereas the bulk of HBs Ag is recovered in fraction IV where only 22 nm spheres and short filaments are still identified. These results suggest that differences in quantitative distribution of HB virions together with alteration of infectious particles during the fractionation process may in addition to heat inactivation account for the relative hepatitis risk of the various plasma derivatives.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1978

Antibody and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus in psychotic depression.

The incidence and antibody titers to herpes simplex virus (HSV) were found significantly higher in patients with psychotic depression as compared to normal controls. Furthermore, the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to HSV in psychotic depression was similar to that observed after acute HSV infection or recurrence. The results suggest therefore an association between HSV infection and psychotic depression.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

e antigen and antibody, DNA polymerase, and inhibitors of DNA polymerase in acute and chronic hepatitis.

A high positive correlation was found between e antigen (HBe Ag) and DNA polymerase in hemodialyzed patients with acute hepatitis B, chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen undergoing hemodialysis, and patients with chronic hepatitis. In contrast, the correlation was poor in nonhemodialyzed patients with acute hepatitis. Among the patients with chronic hepatitis, HBe Ag and DNA polymerase were were found mostly in those with aggressive hepatitis and rarely in those with persistent hepatitis. This difference was significant (P less than 0.01) and suggests that the persistence of these antigens may be a factor in the progression of the disease. Our data also indicate that the development of antibodies to HBe Ag (anti-HBe) might be a sign of a favorable prognosis, since 50% of the patients with persistent hepatitis vs. 6% of the patients with aggressive hepatitis were anti-HBe-positive. Inhibitors of DNA polymerase, which are possibly antibodies, appeared regularly after acute hepatitis and were transient. Their presence may be associated with viral replication.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Early diagnosis of Hepatitis B by Dane particle associated DNA polymerase assay.

We have studied prospectively 178 subjects exposed to hepatitis B and 120 haemodialysed patients for the presence of HGs antigen, e antigen and DNA polymerase as well as for anti-HBs and anti-HBc antibodies. The results suggest that the DNA polymerase assay enables us to diagnose hepatitis B earlier than the radioimmunoassay for HGs and that DNA polymerase might be present in the blood in the absence of HBs in cases of confirmed hepatitis B. A posititive correlation between e antigen and DNA polymerase was observed in 83% of the patients on haemodialysis who developed hepatitis B but only in 9% of normal patients developing the same disease.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of the humoral and cellular immune response after immunization with live, UV inactivated herpes simplex virus and a subunit vaccine and efficacy of these immunizations.

Antibody and cell-mediated immune responses were measured in rabbits immunized with live, UV inactivated herpes simplex virus or with a subunit vaccine containing envelope proteins. All the types of immunization procedures induced the production of antibody as well as a specific cellular immunity. Furthermore, the subunit vaccine was as effective as the immunization with live or UV inactivated virus to prevent death upon challenge with live HSV. Live HSV induced a transient unresponsiveness of both B and T cells to in vitro stimulation with various mitogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Efficacy and immune response to rubella subunits vaccines.

Antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was measured in rabbits immunized with wild or attenuated virus and in rabbits vaccinated with a rubella subunit vaccine containing the viral envelope or nucleocapsid. The data presented show that a subunit vaccine containing the envelope proteins could induce a good antibody and CMI response. The results also suggest that such a vaccine was highly effective since 60 per cent of the rabbits immunized with the envelope proteins were protected when challenged with wild virus. This protection rate was identical as the protection achieved with a live attenuated vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Transient antibodies to DNA polymerase in acute hepatitis B and related diseases.

Sera from patients with acute hepatitis, cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, as well as sera from healthy carriers and controls were examined for HBS antigen, DNA polymerase activity and for antibodies to HBS, HBC and DNA polymerase. The data presented suggest that in acute hepatitis the DNA polymerase test enabled us to diagnose at least 20% more cases of hepatitis B than with the RIA but that the DNA polymerase test is of little value for the screening of blood donors since all the healthy carriers gave negative results. As concerns the antibodies to DNA polymerase they appeared in at least 50% of the patients with acute hepatitis, they were transient and only detectable at the early beginning of the disease. These antibodies were also found to be different from the anti-HBS and anti-HBC antibodies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

The relationship of a newly described acute-phase protein to human gestation.

Rho is a newly described acute-phase serum protein which increases in titer in response to a variety of inflammatory and infectious diseases. It is present in 100 per cent of sera from pregnant women by the twentieth week of gestation, rises in titer until term, and then falls slowly during the postpartum period. It was barely detectable in some fetal sera and in some amniotic fluid samples near the end of the first half of gestation, and it could not be demonstrated in fetal tissue obtained at that time. Fetal serum titers increase with gestational age, but fetal levels remain below those of maternal sera. Undifferentiated placental tissue and estrogen/progestin do not appear to evoke rho antigen production. The stimulating mechanism during gestation remains unknown.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1975

Viral antibodies in the CSF after acute CNS infections.

Viral antibodies were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from 25 patients having acute viral central nervous system (CNS) infections, and from 39 control patients. The results, collected two weeks after the clinical onset, revealed the presence of antibodies in nine of 13 (69%) CSF specimens from patients suffering from encephalitis of myelitis, and in only one of nine (11%) of the CSF samples of those presenting a viral meningitis infection. This difference was statistically significant and suggests that the titration of viral antibodies in the CSF can be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of viral CNS infection. Our data also suggest that localized production of antibodies occurs during the course of acute CNS infections, and that the respiratory syncytial virus can be associated with CNS infections in man.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Cell mediated immunity in experimental rubella infections.

Antibody and cell-bound immune response were assessed in rabbits inoculated by the intravenous route with Cenedehill or with wild rubella virus. Our results suggest that wild or attenuated live rubella virus induce a transient unresponsiveness of the lymphocytes to PHA stimulation in vitro and suggest also that this immunosuppression was due to the persistence of rubella virus in the lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Experimental immunosuppression induced by herpes simplex virus.

Cell-mediated immune response was studied in experimental herpetic infection in mice. Our data suggest that herpes simplex virus induced immunosuppression in mice. This depression was documented by the unresponsiveness of the lymphocytes to PHA stimulation in vitro and by the enhanced susceptibility of adult mice to Coxsackie B virus infection. Our data also suggest that levamisole, a potent immunostimulant drug, had no effect on the unresponsiveness of the lymphocytes to PHA stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Large-scale production of rubella precipitinogens and their use in the diagnostic laboratory.

A method for producing large quantities of rubella theta and iota precipitating antigens in Vero cells is described. Using this reagent, the detection of anti-theta antibodies was found to be as sensitive as the hemagglutination inhibition test for both the determination of immune status and the diagnosis of acute rubella infection. The detection of anti-iota antibodies may permit diagnosis of rubella infection, when the collection of the first serum has been delayed and the early rise of hemagglutin-inhibiting and anti-theta antibodies has been missed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of DNA polymerase and radioimmune assays for the detection of hepatitis B antigens and antibodies.

In acute cases of hepatitis, DNA polymerase activity was found 2 to 3 times more frequently than positive radioimmunoassay. For each case the DNA polymerase reactivity was shown to be associated with hepatitis B antigens. Inhibitors to this DNA polymerase, with properties of IgM and IgG antibody, were found in 13 of 34 cases of acute hepatitis but only in 1 case out of 22 of cirrhosis. During the course of the acute disease these antibodies were detected 3 times more frequently than those to HBs antigen; the two types of antibodies were almost always found separately in different patients, those to DNA polymerase were apparently transient and developed earlier since they were found as early as 3 days after the clinical onset and no later than the 6th week following the onset.

Acute Disease↗