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Biomedical subjects

R Crespo

Publications and source records attributed to R Crespo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Volatile organic compounds released by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.

The composition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycete: Deuteromycotina) utilizing two different carbon sources was investigated. Analyses were performed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and CGC-mass spectrometry (MS). Major components in glucose-grown cultures were diisopropyl naphthalenes, ethanol, and sesquiterpenes. Alkane-grown fungal VOC switched to a fingerprint with prevalence of n-decane. This is the first report on the volatiles released by entomopathogenic fungi.

Alkanes↗
PubMed2006

Otitis interna (labyrinthitis) associated with Salmonella enterica arizonae in turkey poults.

Otitis interna was diagnosed in five 9-to-21-day-old turkey poults with clinical signs of paralysis, opisthotonus, torticollis, blindness, and increased mortality. Gross and microscopic lesions in the poults included omphalitis, typhlitis, hepatitis, meningoencephalitis, ophthalmitis, neuritis and ganglionitis of the vestibulocochlear nerve, and otitis interna. Salmonella enterica arizonae was isolated from the brains, eyes, intestines, yolk sacs, and livers of poults. Birds with otitis interna also had meningoencephalitis. It is most likely that the S. enterica arizonae infection spread from the brain to the internal ears through the vestibulocochlear nerve. This is the first documentation of otitis interna caused by bacteria in an avian species.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Serous cystadenoma of borderline malignancy arising in a parovarian paramesonephric cyst.

BACKGROUND: Borderline parovarian tumors are found incidentally at surgery or autopsy. They are extremely rare. The majority have been reported in young women and rarely are they large enough to be clinically significant. CASE: A 53-year-old multiparous female with a symptomatic paraovarian serous borderline cystadenoma is presented. DISCUSSION: The clinical aspects and subsequent management of related cases are discussed.

Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous↗
PubMed2006

Fallopian tube carcinoma: incidental finding during surgery for acute pelvic inflammatory disease--case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is a rare condition. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and in most cases it is an intraoperative finding or a histopathological diagnosis. CASE: A 49-year-old woman presented with pelvic pain, fever (38 degrees C), elevated white blood cell count and a right adnexal mass. Pelvic inflammatory disease was suspected and broad spectrum antibiotics were established. Five days later, due to lack of clinical response, a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and appendectomy were performed. Histopathology showed a primary fallopian tube carcinoma. Postoperatively she received chemotherapy. Afterwards she underwent a staging laparotomy. Some months later, new chemotherapy regimens were instituted because of the presence of lymph node metastases. CONCLUSION: Malignancy should be included in the differential diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Myopathy in brown pelicans (Pelicanus occidentalis) associated with rancid feed.

Three adult brown pelicans (Pelicanus occidentalis) were observed to be weak, anorexic and unresponsive to antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins including vitamin E, and steroids. Blood chemistry revealed high activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Radiographs of the birds' leg muscles revealed multiple opacities suggestive of calcification; the gross lesions included white streaks in the leg, wing, and heart muscles, and the microscopical lesions consisted of various degrees of degeneration and necrosis characterised by eosinophilia, variations in fibre size, loss of striations, myolysis, mineralisation, and proliferation of mononuclear cells in the skeletal muscles and the myocardium. The levels of heavy metals, selenium and vitamin E in the birds' livers were not abnormal. The level of peroxide in their diet of capelin fish was high, 69 meq/kg, (normal <20 meq/kg) consistent with rancid feed, and the level of vitamin E was very low, 0.5 iu/kg (normal 20 to 30 iu/kg). It was concluded that the myopathy was probably caused by vitamin E deficiency due to feeding the pelicans a rancid diet.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Microstructure and mineral content of femora in male turkeys with and without fractures.

Microscopic and radiographic observations, as well as ash, calcium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, and zinc concentrations, were evaluated from femora of 32- to 35-wk-old male turkeys from two different farms (A and B). Turkeys from Farm A were divided into birds with femoral fracture (AF) and without femoral fracture (ANF). Turkeys from Farm B did not have femoral fractures (BNF). In the mid-diaphyseal cortex of turkeys without femoral fractures, collagen fibers were evenly distributed parallel to the transverse plane of bone surface. In contrast, collagen fibers were disorganized and the cortex was osteoporotic in turkeys with femoral fractures. Each turkey with femoral fractures also had callus on the mediocaudal region of the femoral middiaphysis. The periosteal callus was interrupted at the insertion of the puboischiofemoralis muscle. Muscle attachment to the bone might have interfered with the formation of periosteal callus. The concentration of calcium was lower in the cortex of turkeys in group AF compared to turkeys in groups ANF and BNF. The focal nature of the callus, along with the low levels of calcium, is indicative of a local repair response with alteration in cortical structure and altered concentrations of minerals in the cortex. These changes in the bone and the routine handling of the birds might have predisposed the turkeys to complete fractures of the femur.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Influence of boron supplementation on vertebral and femoral bone mass in rats on strenuous treadmill exercise. A morphometric, densitometric, and histomorphometric study.

We studied the effect of boron supplement on experimental osteopenia caused by strenuous exercise in 93- d-old female Wistar rats. A control group of 15 rats was not manipulated. The exercise group of 30 rats was divided into 2 groups of 15 rats each, one that was fed a diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg of boron in the form of Na(2)B(4)O(7), and other that, did not receive a boron supplement. The length and weight were determined in the femur and fifth lumbar vertebra and the bone mineral content and density were assessed through densitometry, and trabecular bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation with histomorphometry. The femur length and weight, and vertebra weight, and femur and vertebra bone mineral content and density were significantly lower and the trabecular separation was higher in the exercise group than in the others (p < 0.005 in all). The femur weight, bone mineral content and density, trabecular bone volume and trabecular thickness, were significantly higher in the exercise plus boron group (p < 0.005 to 0.0001). It was concluded that boron preserves bone mass in rats that have been exposed to intense exercise.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2001

Salpingitis in Pekin ducks associated with concurrent infection with Tetratrichomonas sp. and Escherichia coli.

Increased mortality (1.5% per week) and low egg production (5-10% lower than normal) were observed in a flock of domestic breeding Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). At necropsy, salpingitis and peritonitis were the most significant findings. Histologically, there was accumulation of necrotic debris in the lumen of the oviduct. Numerous bacteria and trichomonads were observed histologically in the lumen of the vagina and occasionally in the shell gland. Escherichia coli and a trichomonad were isolated from the oviduct. The trichomonads were oval (6-8 microm long, 4.5-6 microm wide) and had 4 anterior flagella and an undulating membrane extending over the entire length of the body, finishing in a long posterior flagellum. Morphology was consistent with trichomonads of the genus Tetratrichomonas. Comparative sequence analysis of the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and the flanking internal transcribed space regions of the trichomonad isolate did not closely match with available sequences of the same region of other trichomonadid protozoa.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Transient osteoporosis.

Transient osteoporosis (TO) is an uncommon entity whose principal characteristic is to be a self-limited syndrome. Diagnosis is made upon clinical presentation and x-ray evidence of diffuse osteopenia around the affected joint followed by spontaneous healing after several months. When recurrent episodes occur at different times and locations it is called regional migratory osteoporosis. Magnetic resonance imaging and technetium-99 bone scan may be helpful in diagnosis during the early phase. Good results may be achieved with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication, protected weight bearing and physical therapy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

Characterization and carbon metabolism in fungi pathogenic to Triatoma infestans, a chagas disease vector.

The pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb) isolates against Triatoma infestans, the major vector of Chagas disease in Argentina is reported. A 100% mortality was achieved with mean lethal times varying form 5.8 (Ma6) to 7.7 (Bb5) or 11.1 days (Bb10). The fatty acid, hydrocarbon, and total lipid patterns were compared for glucose-grown and alkane-grown Bb10 cultures. The alkane-grown cells showed a lipid pattern different from that of glucose-grown cells, with triacylglyercol as the major lipid fraction, whereas sterols prevailed in the glucose-grown cells. A significant reduction in the relative amounts of linoleic acid diminished the unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio for alkane-grown cells; in addition, large amounts of heptacosanoic and eicosanoic acids were detected in the saturated fraction. The hydrocarbon profile of Bb10 showed a saturated chain length distribution,with a marked prevalence for straight chains, ranging from n-C18 to n-C37 in the carbon skeleton, with n-C22 as the major component. Alkane-grown cells showed no qualitative changes in their hydrocarbon fraction, but a similar ratio for odd/even carbon chains. After 48-h incubation assays,[1-(14)C]acetate uptake was largely diminished following a period of alkane growth induction. Glucose-grown cells readily incorporated 19% of the labelinto phospholipids, hydrocarbons, triacylglycerols, and free fatty acids. In contrast, incorporation was reduced to 5.3% for alkane-grown cells, accounting only for phospholipid synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Morphometric and mechanical properties of femora in young adult male turkeys with and without femoral fractures.

Morphologic and torsional mechanical properties of femora were evaluated in three groups of turkeys to determine whether turkeys that incurred femoral fracture have different radiographic, morphologic, and torsional mechanical properties than do turkeys without femoral fracture, and if body weight was a factor differentiating affected and nonaffected turkeys. Nine turkeys with unilateral femoral fractures and nine turkeys without fractures from Farm A were compared with a group of nine age and genetically matched turkeys from Farm B. Turkeys from Farm A were 10 to 25% heavier (26.2+/-0.9 kg) and turkeys from Farm B were 10% lighter (18.2+/-0.9 kg) than expected breed standards. Femoral length, cortical thickness, medullary diameter, and diaphyseal curvature were measured from craniocaudal and lateromedial radiographs. One intact femur from each of five turkeys with a contralateral femoral fracture (Farm A), nine unaffected turkeys from Farm A, and nine turkeys from Farm B were subjected to failure in a torsion test. Geometric and mechanical results were compared. Turkeys from Farm A had a thicker cortex and a smaller medullary diameter than turkeys from Farm B. Turkeys from Farm A had significantly lower torsional stiffness and failure torque values compared with turkeys from Farm B, when differences in body weight were accounted for (analysis of covariance, P < 0.05). Mechanical failure torque calculated from geometric values suggests that organic or inorganic material arrangement and composition may be responsible, in part, for differences between groups. Femoral fractures may be associated with insufficient skeletal adaptation to heavy body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Transient dissociation of bone metabolism induced by high performance exercise: a study in elite marathon runners.

Bone metabolism parameters were studied in 18 elite marathon runners (11 men and 7 women) who participated in the Marathon World Cup held at San Sebastian, Spain in 1993. Measurements were made before the race, immediately after the race, and 24 hours after the race. The most interesting finding was increased alkaline phosphatase (P < 0. 0001) and decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (P = 0.0035), which suggests that exercise produced uncoupling of the bone cell metabolism. Serum calcium corrected for proteins did not increase with exercise and at the end of the race there was a negative correlation between cortisol, which was significantly higher (P < 0. 0001), and corrected serum calcium (r = 0.53, P = 0.026) that was not present at baseline. Running time showed a significant negative correlation with baseline serum cortisol (r = -0.67, P = 0.0015) and a significant positive correlation with body mass index (r = 0.53, P = 0.0207). The increase in alkaline phosphatase persisted 24 hours after the race, which suggests that exercise produced an intense and sustained effect on osteogenic capacity.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1998

Metacarpal radiogrammetry by computed radiography in postmenopausal women with Colles' fracture and vertebral crush fracture syndrome.

Based on the hypothesis that the underlying osteoporotic mechanism of Colles' fracture in postmenopausal women is similar to that of other osteoporotic fractures, that is, cortical bone resorption as opposed to cancellous bone resorption, the rate of corticoendosteal bone loss was compared in 40 normal postmenopausal women [average age 68.4 +/- 7.1 years; 20 +/- 4 years since menopause (YSM)], in 35 postmenopausal women with Colles' fracture (age 69.4 +/- 7.5 years, 22 +/- 8 YSM), in 35 normal postmenopausal women with vertebral crush fracture (age 69.4 +/- 7.5 years, 22 +/- 8 YSM, and in 35 normal premenopausal women (age 36.1 +/- 7.9 years). Radiogrammetry by digital radiography of the second metacarpal was used to measure external (ED) and internal (ID) diameter, cortical thickness (CCT), cortical area (CA), and the ratio of cortical area to total area (CA/TA). The ID values of the groups of postmenopausal women were subtracted from the ID value of the premenopausal women and the result was divided by YSM to obtain the rate of corticoendosteal resorption/year (DeltaC), CA resorption year (DeltaCA) and CA/TA resorption/year (DeltaCA/TA). ID, DeltaC, DeltaCA, and DeltaCA/TA all were larger in the postmenopausal women with Colles' and vertebral crush fractures than in the normal postmenopausal women (ANOVA: all P < 0.0001). ID, CCT, DeltaC, CA, DeltaCA, and DeltaCA/TA did not differ between the two groups of postmenopausal women with fractures. DeltaC was 87% greater in postmenopausal women with vertebral crush fracture and 116% greater in women with Colles' fracture than in normal postmenopausal women. These results indicate that the loss of cortical bone is an important factor in Colles' fracture in postmenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Adaptation of the lumbar spine to different positions in bicycle racing.

STUDY DESIGN: A radiologic and electromyographic study was done of the adaptation of the lumbar spine to high-performance cycling. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate changes in the lumbar spine produced by different cycling positions on different types of bicycles used during competition. METHODS: Three professional cyclists were observed to evaluate changes in the lumbar spine. Radiographs were obtained of the different positions adopted by the cyclists during competition, and changes in the angles of the lumbar spine were measured. An electromyographic study was done of the abdominal, lumbar, and thoracic paravertebral muscles. RESULTS: The cyclists' positions involved a change from discal lordosis to kyphosis. To obtain a more aerodynamic position, the cyclists flexed the hip and made the pelvis horizontal without changing disc angles. The contraction of paravertebral lumbar muscles was proportional to pedalling intensity and decreased in more aerodynamic positions. The tone of the paravertebral thoracic muscles depended on the extent of cervical hyperextension. Abdominal muscles remained relaxed in all bicycle positions and with all pedalling intensities. CONCLUSIONS: The changes observed could modify the normal biomechanics of the lumbar spine, but the overall mechanical load on the spine is reduced by shifting weight onto the upper limbs. The imbalance that occurs between the activity of flexor and extensor muscles could cause lumbar pain in persons without proper physical preparation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

Complementary medical treatment for Colles' fracture: a comparative, randomized, longitudinal study.

In 45 women with Colles' fracture, two types of complementary medical treatment (calcitonin with calcium [SCT+Ca] and calcium alone [Ca]) were compared with placebo. Consecutive patients were assigned randomly to one of the three study groups at the time of inclusion in the study: 15 women (68.6 +/- 5.7 years) were given 100 IU/day I.M. of SCT plus 1200 mg of elemental Ca for 10 successive days each month; 15 women (71.7 +/- 6.1 years) were given only 1200 mg of elemental Ca for 10 days each month; and 15 women (66.9 +/- 7. 9 years) were treated with placebo. Biochemical and radiogrammetric studies were made at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. In the SCT+Ca group tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase decreased (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.014) and the metacarpal index and the cortical and total area (CA/TA) ratio increased (both P = 0.001). In the group treated with Ca alone, no changes were observed. In the placebo group, the metacarpal index and CA/TA decreased (P = 0.015 and P = 0.007, respectively). Ca alone, at the dosage used here, inhibited bone loss after Colles' fracture. The addition of SCT to Ca administration not only impeded bone loss but significantly increased cortical bone mass.

Aged↗