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Biomedical subjects

R Grob

Publications and source records attributed to R Grob.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Clinical value of a polymerase chain reaction on cytomegalovirus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid in HIV patients with neurological symptoms].

The value of the PCR for CMV in the CSF was evaluated. 23 samples from 20 patients were examined for CMV DNA, of which 11 were positive and 12 were negative for CMV. The clinical spectrum of the patients with positive samples included encephalitis, encephalitis, and polyradiculopathy, or isolated polyradiculopathy. The main symptoms were fever, confusion, lethargy, cognitive disturbance, cranial neuropathy, weakness of the legs, and incontinence. The laboratory evaluation showed a low CD4 lymphocyte count, a slightly increased blood sedimentation rate and a large variation of CSF patterns. The CMV early antigen tests were negative in all cases. In 4 cases the neuroradiological examination was compatible with CMV infection. 8 patients were treated with ganciclovir or foscarnet. Improvement of symptoms was observed in 2 cases and stabilization in 2 others. However, the CMV infection was rapidly progressive and 9 out of 10 patients died after a mean of 53 days after diagnosis.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1994

Complete spontaneous thrombosis of a giant intracranial aneurysm.

In a 23-year-old woman CT demonstrated a patent giant intracranial aneurysm. MRI, CT and angiography one month later demonstrated complete spontaneous thrombosis of the aneurysm. The diagnosis was confirmed surgically and pathologically. This case demonstrates that a normal angiogram can be associated with a thrombosed giant aneurysm, and that this diagnosis should be considered in cases of angiographically-occult cerebral vascular malformations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Anal condylomata acuminata in HIV positive patients].

Since July 1986 we started with following all patients with condylomata acuminata including HIV-testing and human papilloma virus (HPV) identification by DNA-DNA-hybridisation (southern blot). Seventy patients are included, 39 of them are seropositive. The ratio male to female is 59 to 11, in seropositives 35 to 4, in negatives 24 to 7. The average age is 28 and 31 years respectively. The number of homosexuals and junkies is significantly higher in seropositives. Seventeen patients are in HIV-stage II, 11 in stage III and 10 in stage IV according to CDC-classification. Characteristic for the seropositives was an extensive growth on the rectal mucosa and the very rapid growth of initially subtotally resected lesions in order to prevent stenosis. Sixty-five patients were treated by one stage radical operation with electrocauter. Surprisingly recurrency is more frequent in seronegatives, however, the lesion is much smaller in this group. A hypothesis to explain this observation is brought forward. Postoperative complications occurred only in HIV-stages III and IV. We therefore recommend single shot antibiotic prophylaxis in these patients. The HPV-identification showed no malignancy associated HPV-types in both groups but a higher incidence of HPV 11 in higher HIV-stages which we cannot explain. We conclude from our series that, if operation is indicated, one stage radical electrocoagulation of condylomata acuminata is a necessary procedure in seropositive patients and a save one in negative patients but antibiotic prophylaxis should be given in stage III and IV. Anal condylomata acuminata are a hint for possible HIV-positivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Focal epithelial hyperplasia.

In 2 children (brother and sister) focal epithelial hyperplasia could be diagnosed by means of histology, human papillomavirus typing and Southern blot. In the 14-year-old girl the history could be followed over many years. The high familial incidence and the special geographic distribution of focal epithelial hyperplasia are pointed out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Value of electroencephalogram in prediction and diagnosis of vasospasm after intracranial aneurysm rupture.

The Electroencephalogram (EEG) of 151 patients whose ruptured aneurysm was confirmed by CT scan and angiography was recorded on the first day (D1) and the fifth day (D5). On D1, EEG had a prognostic value: among 46 patients with normal EEG, 72% presented neither further electrical ischaemic features nor delayed angiographic vasospasm; on the other hand, when bilateral bursts of slow waves, "axial bursts" or slow delta waves were recorded (78 cases), 97% exhibited EEG signs of ischaemia and angiographic vasospasm a few days later. These data were clearly related to the importance of the haemorrhage, specially when thick clots in the subarachnoid cisterns were found on the CT scan. On D5, EEG had a diagnostic value: focal or asymetrical bilateral delta waves occurring at that date seemed to correspond to ischaemia; among 107 patients with these electrical features, an angiographic vasospasm appeared in 96% of cases, and the importance of electrical abnormalities could be related to the degree of arterial narrowing. We conclude that EEG data are very useful in prediction as well in recognition of post-subarachnoid haemorrhage ischaemia due to vasospasm and are sufficiently precise to postpone control angiography and operation, when delayed surgery is programmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Evoked potentials and the mode of cognitive development in boys 6 to 8 years of age presenting hyperactivity with attention deficit].

Event-related potentials were recorded in 2 groups (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder--ADHD--and normal controls) of 12 male children aged between 6-8 years during 4 categorization tasks. Each task was performed with a different type of visual stimulus; pictures, words, geometrical figures or digits. The amplitudes and latencies of a fronto-central P250 and a parieto-occipital P350 were examined. The overall amplitude of the fronto-central P250 was larger in the ADHD group. However, the overall latency of the parieto-occipital P350 decreased with age; coincidentally, in the control group, the P350 latency measured in the left hemisphere became shorter with age for the words than for the pictures. This was not the case in the ADHD group. These results are discussed in relation to the level of the orienting reaction and the modes (general or differentiated) of cognitive development.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1990

Carcinoma of the cervix uteri and risk factors.

A prospective study included 210 patients and 100 healthy individuals in whom risk factors for the onset of malignant disorders of the cervix uteri were investigated. The following parameters were analyzed: age, profession, religious affiliation, former pregnancies, chronic irritative process on the cervix uteri, socio-economic status, heredity, contraceptive usage, smoking, sexual life and presence of the human papilloma viruses in the injured and healthy cervix. The results of the research emphasized the relevant risk factors for the genesis of the disease. They are presented in an original sheme. The central place in the pathogenesis of the disease is taken by the existing metaplasia on the portio vaginalis uteri and its contact with definite types of human papilloma viruses. The risk factors that contribute to the genesis of metaplasia and cervical infection by human papilloma viruses proved to be of great importance for the appearance of disorder. The adolescent period, the chronic irritative process on the portio vaginalis and the long-term use of hormonal contraceptives influence the genesis of metaplasia. Early sexual life, the changing of sexual partners, the sexual life of male partners, poor sexual hygiene, and the use of nonbarrier contraceptive devices favour the development of human papilloma viral infections of the cervix uteri.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Human papillomavirus-35-positive bowenoid papulosis of the anogenital area and concurrent human papillomavirus-35-positive verruca with bowenoid dysplasia of the periungual area.

We describe a 42-year-old woman with human papillomavirus (HPV)-35-positive bowenoid papulosis in her anogenital region and HPV-35-positive verruca with bowenoid dysplasia on her right ring finger. The anogenital lesions were diagnosed 11 years before the lesion on her finger developed. We were not able to cure her bowenoid papulosis, since new lesion formation occurred continuously. As pruritus of the anogenital area was always present, scratching may have resulted in autoinoculation. The fact that a "mucosal-type" HPV, which was cloned from a cancer of the uterine cervix, was detected in a dysplastic periungual lesion seems noteworthy. Viral copy numbers appeared to be much higher in the periungual lesion, indicating that in our patient HPV-35 was able to replicate well outside the anogenital area. There are as yet insufficient data on the epidemiology of HPV-35 to conclude how common extragenital infection with HPV-35 is.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hemisphere asymmetry of alpha burst sequential organization in depression.

A new quantitative EEG index based on the sequential variability of the frequency of occurrence of alpha bursts (alpha-BVI) was utilized for investigating the respective role of the two hemispheres in depression and their relationship with two clinical dimensions of this illness: psychomotor retardation and blunted affect. The EEG (at P3 and P4 referred to Fz) was recorded during rest periods in two groups of patients selected according to their scores on various clinical scales: one consisted of 12 patients characterized by psychomotor retardation (PMR group), the other of 9 patients characterized by blunted affect (BA group). A control group of 12 normal subjects was recorded in the same conditions. All subjects were dextral. The following main results were obtained: (1) in both groups of patients the right and the left alpha-BVI were, before treatment, significantly lower than those of the controls. (2) In controls, the sequential alpha burst variability was identical on both hemispheres. (3) In patients, before treatment, the right hemisphere alpha-BVI was significantly lower than the left. (4) Electro-clinical correlations were also observed: (A) in the BA group, before treatment, (a) between the degree of blunted affect and the decrease of the right alpha-BVI, (b) between ideoverbal retardation and the decrease of the left alpha-BVI (these correlations disappeared after treatment); (B) in the PMR group, ideoverbal retardation was, on the contrary, correlated to a right alpha-BVI decrease, this correlation persisting after treatment. These results are discussed according to the role of each hemisphere in depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Warts in fish handlers.

Fish handlers frequently suffer from hand warts. The clinical form and HPV type in these lesions were studied. Eleven individuals (10 fishmongers and one fisherman) with multiple hand warts were examined clinically and samples from their warts examined by Southern blot and reverse blot analysis. Clinically, with one exception, the warts were of the common type. HPV DNA was detected in all but one individual. HPV4 was found in one sample, HPV1 related virus in three, a virus hybridizing with both HPV27 and HPV2 in five (four individuals) and HPV7 in seven (six individuals). More than one type was detected in four individuals. HPV7 infection was related to the greater length of time spent in handling fish. These findings indicate that HPV7 is not, as was previously thought, found exclusively in those handling butcher meat and suggest that environmental conditions may be a factor in the clinical manifestation of HPV7 infection. The exact nature of a virus designated HPV2/27 and the significance of its presence in these fish handlers remains uncertain.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A double-stranded RNA-inducible fish gene homologous to the murine influenza virus resistance gene Mx.

We cloned and sequenced a 2.35-kilobase EcoRI fragment of genomic DNA from a local freshwater fish (Perca fluviatilis) that strongly hybridized to probes derived from the murine influenza virus resistance gene Mx. The cloned fish DNA contained blocks of sequences related to Mx gene exons 3 to 8, which appeared to represent exons of a bona fide fish gene because they were separated by intron sequences flanked by consensus splice acceptor and donor sites. Injection of double-stranded RNA into the peritoneal cavity of trouts resulted in 5- to 10-fold elevated levels of two liver mRNAs of about 2.0 to 2.5 kilobases in length that hybridized to the cloned genomic DNA. High sequence similarity between this fish gene and the murine Mx gene, identical exon lengths, and similar inducibilities in vivo by double-stranded RNA indicate that we isolated a fragment of a fish Mx gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Acoustic neurinoma of the elderly].

Over the last six years, 19 neurinomas, including 11 measuring between 3 and 4 centimetres, have been operated on in patients aged over 70. One 85-year old male patient died. With one exception, all the cases presented disorders of balance and/or vertigo, which were cured or improved by surgery. The authors discuss the operatory indication, stressing the possibility of monitoring the increase of the neurinomas through magnetic resonance imaging, the possibilities of preserving the facial nerve, and the value in all cases of using the translabyrinthine approach.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Electrophysiological study of attention mechanisms in depressed patients with characteristics of psychomotor retardation].

The ERPs and RTs of 8 drug-free depressed in-patients (mean age 58, with marked psycho-motor retardation) were recorded during a dichotic listening RT task and compared to those of 9 healthy, age-matched controls. The depressed showed significantly longer, more variable RTs than the controls and made more mistakes. Their ERPs for targets in the attended ear differed significantly from those of the controls by the small amplitude (or absence) of the N2 vertex component elicited by the controls in such a situation and by the presence in the same situation of a late frontal slow negativity (LFN) that did not show up in the grand average ERP of the control group. These results were discussed in terms of the two components of the processing negativity described by Näätänen (1982, 1985) and according to resource models: whereas the controls would perform quickly this easy task thanks to quasi-automatic matching processes (reflected by the vertex N2), the depressed would need further effortful, controlled processing (reflected by the LFN) in order to perform the same task. The ERPs of 6 of these depressed were recorded a second time, after anti-depressive treatment and clinical improvement. A tendency to improved RTs and ERPs (amplitude decrease of the LFN and increase of N2) was seen in most patients, but these improvements were far from being as marked as the clinical improvement.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Influenza virus-susceptible mice carry Mx genes with a large deletion or a nonsense mutation.

The interferon-regulated mouse Mx gene encodes the 72-kilodalton nuclear Mx protein that selectively inhibits influenza virus replication. Mice carrying Mx+ alleles synthesize Mx protein and resist influenza virus infection, whereas mice homozygous for Mx- alleles fail to synthesize Mx protein and, as a consequence, are influenza virus susceptible. Southern blot analysis allowed us to define the following three distinct Mx restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types among classical inbred strains: RFLP type 1 in the Mx+ strains A2G and SL/NiA, RFLP type 2 in BALB/c and 33 other Mx- strains, and RFLP type 3 in CBA/J and 2 other Mx- strains. cDNA clones of Mx mRNAs from BALB/c and CBA/J cells were isolated, and their sequences were compared with that of the wild-type Mx mRNA of strain A2G. Mx mRNA of BALB/c mice has 424 nucleotides absent from the coding region, resulting in a frame shift and premature termination of Mx protein. The missing sequences correspond exactly to Mx exons 9 through 11. These three exons, together with some flanking intron sequences, are deleted from the genomes of all Mx RFLP type 2 strains. The Mx- phenotype of the Mx RFLP type 3 strain CBA/J is due to a point mutation that converts the lysine codon in position 389 to a termination codon. Mx RFLP type 3 strains have an extra HindIII site which maps to an intron and thus probably does not affect the coding capacity of Mx mRNA. We further show that the Mx mRNA levels in interferon-treated BALB/c and CBA/J cells are about 15-fold lower than in similarly treated Mx+ cells. This is probably due to decreased metabolic stabilities of the mutant mRNAs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Anogenital warts of the condyloma acuminatum type in HIV-positive patients.

Anogenital warts of the condyloma acuminatum type seem to occur quite often during HIV infection. These warts--according to our study--are not commonly caused by malignancy-associated human papilloma virus types, but by types 6 and 11 as seen in the nonimmune-compromised population. Widespread condylomata acuminata may appear in rather early stages of HIV infection and they may therefore represent early warning signs of HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Cranio-orbital neurofibromatosis. Apropos of a case].

Principal general manifestations of Recklinghausen's disease are outlined, with emphasis on cephalic lesions, particularly cranio-orbital localizations responsible in a large number of cases for lysis of greater wing of sphenoid. This is associated, amongst other complications, with ophthalmologic sequelae. A clinical case is presented, allowing discussion of the two essential problems raised by cranio-orbital neurofibromatosis: 1) conservation or not of the eye during necessary surgical treatment and 2) the course of the disease which is always progressive.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage. A controlled study with nimodipine.

A prospective randomized double blind study was conducted in 70 patients suffering from subarachnoid haemorrhage, due to aneurysm rupture, to determine if the use of nimodipine reduces the severity of ischaemic deficits secondary to vasospasm. At the end of the study, two patients had severe deficit or died in the treated group, while 10 had a bad outcome in the placebo group. Angiographic vasospasm was not significantly different in its frequency or its severity between the two groups. However, the association of extensive and diffuse vasospasm was less frequent in the nimodipine group. This study confirms the effectiveness of Nimodipine in reducing the occurrence of neurological deficit due to vasospasm, even if this action is not observed in all cases.

Adolescent↗