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Biomedical subjects

R Hada

Publications and source records attributed to R Hada.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Anemia-inducing factor expressed in gastric cancer is homologous with complement regulatory factor CD59?

Anemia-inducing factor (AIF) was isolated from gastric cancer tissue; however, the human placenta used as the volume of AIF for further analysis did not prove sufficient. This substance was named placental anemia-inducing factor (PAIF). PAIF directly reduces the number of erythrocytes in vitro and reduces the RBC count in rabbits to 80% when i.v. administration of 27 microg/kg of body weight is given. The aim of this study is to better define PAIF and to examine whether the identifical substance expresses on either the surface or in the cytoplasm of established gastric cancer cell lines. PAIF is a glycoprotein with about 20 KD, whose 17 amino acid residues of N terminus were sequenced after Edman treatment. The N-terminus of PAIF were determined as Lqcyncpnptadcktav. This is homologous with that of CD59, which is thought as a regulator of membrane attack complex of complement system. Expression of PAF or CD59 in four established gastric cancer cell lines were examined by indirect immunofluorescence method and by Northern blot hybridization. The cells (1 x 106) were seeded into plastic plates for three days and reacted overnight at 4 degrees C in 0.5 ml of PBS with anti-PAIF polyclonal antibody or with anti CD59 rat monoclonal antibody. Both PAIF and CD59 were stained positively on the surface and/or in the cyroplasm. The total RNAs were prepared from the four kinds of cell lines and normal human lymphocytes. CD59 mRNA was probed in all cell lines by BamH1-EcoR1 fragment of PSRa CD59. The signal levels of MKN-28, MKN-45 and KATO-III were stronger than that of MKN-74, whereas the signal of normal lymphocytes was the lowest. Although there is no decisive evidence that PAIF is exactly the same substance as CD59, and although the biological functions of these two substances are conflictive, and still to be further investigated, the 17 amino acid residues of N-terminus of PAIF expressed in gastric cancer cells were homologous with those of CD59. A derivative of CD59 may exist in gastric cancer.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Improved localizing method of radiopill in measurement of entire gastrointestinal pH profiles: colonic luminal pH in normal subjects and patients with Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To measure gastrointestinal (GI) pH profiles in patients with Crohn's disease with an improved pH radiotelemetry method. METHODS: A computer-assisted method was developed to exactly localize a pH sensitive radiotelemetry capsule (radiopill) in the GI tract from the stomach to the cecum by detecting distinct changes in transmitted pH signals sampled at 1-sec intervals. The combined usage of a radiodirectional probe facilitated localization of the radiopill in the colon. With this improved method, GI pH profiles in four patients (male/female, 3/1; age range, 21-34 yr) with Crohn's disease that involved the left colon (active disease: 3; disease at quiescent state, 1) were measured and compared with those in four gender- and age-matched control subjects (controls). RESULTS: Gastric and small intestinal luminal pH profiles in Crohn's disease were similar to those in the controls. In contrast, colonic luminal pH profiles in both right (uninvolved) and left (involved) colon in active or quiescent Crohn's disease showed more coarse fluctuations with a significantly low value than those seen in the controls. The minimum colonic pH registered in the four patients was 0.6, 1.2, 3.2, and 5.3 pH unit, respectively. The overall mean luminal pH (+/-SD) in the right colon was 5.3 +/- 0.3 for the patients versus 6.8 +/- 0.2 for the controls (p < 0.01) and that in the left colon was 5.3 +/- 0.7 versus 7.2 +/- 0.3 (p < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study first demonstrates that an extremely acidic colonic environment occurs in either active or inactive Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Difficulty in estimating localized bowel contraction by colonic manometry: a simultaneous recording of intraluminal pressure and luminal calibre.

To examine whether or not intraluminal pressure changes at a site in the human colon reflect with fidelity the local bowel wall contractions or relaxation, endoscopic recording of the changes in colonic calibre as a parameter of the motor events with simultaneous manometry was performed at a fixed site in a prepared sigmoid colon during the interdigestive state. In four of the 12 subjects, a total of 20 phasic pressure waves with an amplitude of 13-22 mmHg and a duration of 13-18 sec were obtained in a 20 min recording session. Eighteen of the 20 phasic pressure waves (90%) were associated not with a decrease (contraction) but with an increase in the calibre (relaxation). The pressure change began 0.2-8.4 sec (mean: 4.5 sec) behind and ended-1.8 to 8 sec (mean: 3.5 sec) ahead of the calibre change. In the other eight subjects, no phasic pressure change was recorded in the presence of an overt calibre change. We conclude that manometric phasic pressure change recorded at a site in the empty human colon is not necessarily correlated with the localized contractile activity. Extrapolation of pressure profiles in the colon to motor events at the manometric site should be cautious.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Does portal hypertension modify colonic mucosal vasculature? Quantification of alteration by image processing and topology.

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic images of the colonic mucosal venous structure in eight cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices and in eight noncirrhotic subjects were analyzed to qualitatively determine whether or not the vasculature be altered by persisting portal hypertension. METHODS: On the endoscopic images, a venous network consisting of confluent venous branches draining into one penetrating vein was as a whole defined as one "venous unit." For each venous unit, the area of vein bed was calculated by means of an image processor. Each venous network was idealized to be a graphic representation consisting of lines (venous routes) and dots (origins, terminations, branching or anastomosing), on which two topological variables, the total number of zero-dimensional cells (a0) and the Betti number of dimension-1 (beta 1[K]), signifying the complexity and the number of venous anastomoses, respectively, were determined. RESULTS: The area of vein bed (mean +/- SD) was significantly greater (p < 0.01) for the cirrhotic patients (41 +/- 37 mm2) than for the noncirrhotic subjects (24 +/- 12 mm2). The a0 was also greater (p < 0.01) for the patients (68 +/- 29) than for the noncirrhotic subjects (42 +/- 17). The beta 1[K] for the patients was significantly greater (p < 0.01) for the cirrhotic subjects (7.1 +/- 4.4) than for the noncirrhotic subjects (2.6 +/- 2.9). CONCLUSION: The image processing and topological analysis of the colonic mucosal veins demonstrated that persistent portal hypertension alters the colonic mucosal venous structure by increasing the caliber of the veins and the number of merges (branching or anastomosing) between them.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1993

Survival and recurrence after low anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer: the results of a long-term study with a review of the literature.

Morbidity, survival, and recurrence in 203 patients treated with curative low anterior resection (LAR) were compared with those in 100 patients treated with curative abdominoperineal resection (APR). The overall 5-year survival figures for the total number of, LAR and APR patients were 75.6 +/- 5.7%, 79.8 +/- 6.4% and 67.7 +/- 9.6%, respectively. The prognosis for cancers situated low enough in the rectum to involve the anal canal was poor even when managed by APR, as evidenced by a low survival at 5 years of 59.0 +/- 9.6% and a high pelvic recurrence rate of 34%. For all except these tumors, LAR proved at least equal to, or better than APR as a curative surgical method for middle and low rectal cancers, on the basis of 5-year survival being 79.8 +/- 6.4% vs 78.7 +/- 5.2%, operative mortality being 1.5% vs 1.0%, morbidity being 39.4% vs 59.0%, and the incidence of pelvic recurrence being 8.9% vs 13.5%. When deciding upon the most appropriate surgical procedure for rectal cancer, especially for middle or low rectal lesions, the patient should not simply be condemned to a permanent colostomy. Thus, we first attempt LAR for every lesion except those which are very advanced or those with anal canal involvement, if technically feasible and suitable for the individual patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[An experimental study on development of gallstone disease after curative gastrectomy for cancer--postoperative alteration of the composition of canine gallbladder bile after subtotal gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy].

In connection with gallstone (GS) formation after gastrectomy for cancer, we examined alteration of the composition of gallbladder bile after subtotal gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy. Of 11 mongrel dogs with cholecystostomy, 3 underwent B-I and 4 B-II gastrectomy. Four dogs without gastrectomy were served as controls. Bile was collected for 12 months. Bile acids were quantified by GLC. The bile was cultured for bacteriology. TBA did not significantly differ among the three groups of the dogs. In the two gastrectomized groups, CDA (a secondary bile acid) kept a higher level and CA (a primary bile acid) maintained a lower concentration compared with those in the controls. A remarkable increase of non-conjugated bile acids was recognized in both gastrectomized groups. Lithogenicity was low for all of the 3 groups. All but 1 control dog incurred bile infection that persisted long. Black pigment stones containing calcium bilirubinate developed in 1 of the 3 B-I and 2 of the 4 B-II dogs but none in the controls. The bile infection seemed to be involved in the development of GS. As the alteration of bile composition and GS occurred solely in the gastrectomized dogs, subtotal gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy might precipitate the GS formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Total body hyperthermia and continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion as an adjuvant therapy in advanced gastric cancer].

Between September 1986 and July 1989, adjuvant hyperthermic therapy, consisting of either total body hyperthermia (TBHT) or continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP), was given to a total of 41 patients immediately following gastric resection for cancer. TBHT was performed in 1 curative- and 11 noncurative-gastrectomized patients (1 stage III and 11 stage IV), and CHPP in 18 curative- and 11 noncurative-gastrectomized patients (6 stage I/II, 10 stage III and 13 stage IV). For TBHT, the blood was warmed and maintained at 42 degrees C for 3 hours by means of a V-V bypass connected to an extracorporeal heater-pumping system. When the hyperthermic condition was established, anti-cancer drugs were administered intravenously. In CHPP, 46 degrees C saline containing anti-cancer drugs were infused at a constant rate through a tube placed at the Douglas fossa. The perfusate was drained out through another tube positioned at an uppermost part of the abdominal cavity. The hyperthermic condition was monitored by measuring the outflow temperature. Complications encountered were bone marrow depression, liver damage and pyrexia, and were more frequently experienced by the TBHT patients. Patients under 65 years of age who had had an absolute noncurative gastrectomy but with TBHT survived significantly longer than those without TBHT. When the patients who had undergone gastrectomy with CHPP for a cancer of more than se penetration were compared with those without CHPP, there was no significant difference in survival found between these two populations. This unsatisfactory result could be partly attributable to difficult maintenance of appropriate (sufficiently high) and constant perfusate temperature.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) therapy in advanced gastric cancer].

In CHPP therapy for advanced gastric cancer, a perfusate containing 20 mg CDDP and 8 mg MMC in 1,000 ml physiologic saline warmed at 47 degrees C was infused at a constant rate of 200 ml/min into the pouch of Douglas. The intraperitoneal temperature at the supra-pancreatic region was around 39.0 degrees C. To obtain a more stable and higher intraperitoneal temperature, the infusing rate was increased to 400 ml/min. This yielded a 3 degrees C higher temperature (42 degrees C) at the same measuring site. However, the temperature recorded at various intraperitoneal sites did not always reach such an effective range. The maximal plasma concentrations of MMC determined during CHPP at the 200 and 400 ml/min infusion were 0.09 +/- 0.03 and 0.11 +/- 0.03 microgram/ml, and those of CDDP 1.6 +/- 0.4 and 1.7 +/- 0.3 microgram/ml, respectively, all of which were not significantly different. When an intraperitoneal dosage of 20 mg MMC was given to 3 patients, the portal venous blood, at 10 min after the administration, produced a 1.7 times higher concentration of the agent than did the peripheral venous blood. This discrepancy between the two concentrations was much smaller than found by other investigators in animal experiments.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Difference in responses of free nerve endings and Ruffini-type endings innervating the cat mandibular periosteum to square wave pressure stimuli, ramp mechanical stimuli and triangular vibrations].

UNLABELLED: The free nerve endings and Ruffini type endings in the cat mandibular molar buccal periosteum (posterior periosteum) were selectively stimulated with specific displacements of various velocities and frequencies and the afferent impulses generated by the nerve endings were recorded. RESULTS: 1. There were two types of fast-adapting free nerve endings, discharging on effects and off-effects in response to square wave pressure stimuli and ramp mechanical stimuli and on-effects only. 2. Unencapsulated endings were distributed near the mentale foramen and again there were two types of fast adapting endings, discharging on effects and off effects in response to square wave pressure stimuli and ramp mechanical stimuli, and on-effects only. 3. Slow-adapting free nerve endings were also observed through response to square wave pressure stimuli and ramp shaped pressure stimuli. These were difficult to differentiate from the slow adapting Ruffini-type endings. 4. Ruffini type endings were slow adapting types, exhibiting impulse frequency displacement velocity curves of F = 39.627V0.743 (F = impulse frequency, V = displacement velocity, r = 0.999, n = 12 and p less than 0.001). The number of impulse displacement curves was proportional to the displacement, with F = 1.024S0.767 (F = impulse frequency, S = displacement, r = 0.981, n = 6 and p less than 0.001). 5. Free nerve endings followed Stevens' power function law, dropping in order from fast-adapting units (10 units) to intermediate type sensory units (21 units) and slow-adapting sensory units (20 units), with 0.894 +/- 0.103, 0.684 +/- 0.022 and 0.650 +/- 0.023, respectively. Values for slow adapting Ruffini type endings followed the previous order. 6. Slow adapting free nerve endings responded to triangular vibration stimuli at 0.1 Hz to 240 Hz and the lower frequency limit of 0.1 Hz (actually it was below 0.1 Hz but this value was adopted in order to facilitate the recording of the difference to fast adapting free nerve endings) was considerably lower than the 0.6 Hz to 1 Hz range for fast-adapting free nerve endings. The structure and functions of the nerve endings in the cat posterior periosteum were investigated and it was found that the relationship between the impulse frequency and displacement velocities and displacement amplitude for slow-adapting Ruffini-type endings followed Stevens' power factor law. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the slope constant follows the order of fast-adapting free nerve endings, intermediate type free nerve endings and slow-adapting free nerve endings.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Severe electrolyte abnormalities and paralytic ileus complicating delirium tremens.

Pneumonia and cardiac arrhythmias represent the most common life-threatening complications during delirium tremens. Electrolyte abnormalities are common underlying conditions in chronic alcoholics and they may further complicate the management of patients with alcohol-withdrawal syndrome or with delirium tremens. The authors present two cases in which the clinical picture of severe paralytic ileus complicating delirium tremens was closely associated with electrolyte status and postulate that the two were cause-effect related. A careful electrolyte supplement therapy guided by a strict monitoring of electrolyte balance and renal function proved to be particularly useful in successful management.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗
PubMed1989

ERCP in the assessment of patients with post-cholecystectomy syndrome: benefits and limitations.

The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy yielded by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) in a group of 41 patients presenting with persistent or recurrent abdominal pain and/or cholestasis following cholecystectomy. Each patient had previously undergone, without success, a different combination of non-invasive tests. Cannulation with adequate opacification of at least one duct was achieved in all patients. Aetiologically diagnostic findings obtained with ERCP were as follows: normal 36.8%, choledocholithiasis 34%, benign biliary stenosis 9.8%, chronic pancreatitis 4.9%, pancreatic carcinoma 2.4%, ampullary carcinoma 2.4%, cholangiocarcinoma 2.4%, miscellaneous 7.3%. ERCP gave a final diagnosis in 26 patients (63%) and in all the cases presenting with cholestasis. ERCP plays a first-line role in the diagnostic assessment of patients with the post-cholecystectomy syndrome. However, there is still a considerable part of this population in whom ERCP does not contribute to a diagnosis.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1987

Regurgitant bile acids and mucosal injury of the gastric remnant after partial gastrectomy.

Three groups, each consisting of seven patients who had undergone either Billroth I, Billroth II, or pylorus-preserving gastrectomies, were evaluated more than 18 months postoperatively in terms of concentration and amount of bile acids in the gastric aspirate and histologic changes in the gastric remnant mucosa. Concentrations of bile acids were determined by gas chromatography and mucosal specimens were obtained by endoscopic biopsy. The total bile acid concentration and all of the individual fractional bile acid levels, whether free or conjugated, were significantly higher in the Billroth II group than in the other two groups. The amount of gastric aspirate was also highest in the Billroth II group. Endoscopic biopsy revealed glandular dysplasia to be predominantly in the Billroth II group. The presence of bile acids in the gastric remnant may contribute to mucosal injury, possibly leading to cancer in the gastric remnant, especially after the Billroth II operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gastrointestinal hormones and motility of the human sphincter of Oddi.

We investigated the mechanism of humoral control of bile discharge into the duodenum. The actions of the GB, SO and duodenum were monitered by cinecholecystocholangiogrphy combined with manometry of the SO area using a hydraulic-capillary infusion system or MIKRO-TIP, and these were correlated with the plasma concentrations of GI hormones. We concluded that one of the most significant roles of the sphincter of Oddi is to limit bile flow. This postulation was favored by the observation of so-called 'spasm' of the SO where 8 to 10 contractions per min., in contrast to 'normal' contraction of 2 to 4 per min., were seen. On this special occasion, no discharge of the contrast material into the duodenum was noticed. Exogenous or endogenous CCK causes a coordinated action of the GB contraction, the SO relaxation and relaxation of the adjacent segment of the duodenum, resulting in an effective discharge of bile into the duodenum. The effect of Pancreozymin on bile discharge revealed by endoscopic cinematography was that Pancreozymin first made the orifice of the papilla of Vater widely open with a profuse bile flow and following this, caused a repeated shuttering action of the orifice with minimal discharge of bile. This observation opposes the opinion that active SO contractile activity is necessary to bile flow into the duodenum. Caerulein or CCK-33 caused no 'post-inhibition' enhancement of the SO activity that was seen in case of Pancreozymin administration. Motilin, calcium or other substances contained in Pancreozymin (Boots) might be causative for this enhancement.

Ampulla of Vater↗