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Biomedical subjects

R Hassanein

Publications and source records attributed to R Hassanein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Serovars of Erysipelothrix species isolated from the tonsils of healthy cattle in Japan.

Serovars of 79 Erysipelothrix isolates recovered from the tonsils of healthy slaughtered cattle over a 1-year period in Japan were determined by an agar double-diffusion precipitation system using typing sera representing all the known serovars, 1 through 23 and type N, of Erysipelothrix. A total of 43 out of the 79 Erysipelothrix isolates could be classified into nine serovars but the remaining 36 isolates were untypable. Of 42 isolates identified as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, 4, 6, 2, 3, 1,12, 13 and 1 isolates belonged to serovars 1b, 2, 5, 9, 12, 13, 19 and 21, respectively. One isolate belonged to Erysipelothrix tonsillarum serovar 3.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Distribution of antibody against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in cattle.

Serum samples collected from 854 cattle in nine prefectures of Japan, from Hokkaido to Okinawa, between 1988 and 1992 were examined for presence of antibodies against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae by growth agglutination test. Most of the sera showed positive reactions, and the antibody titers ranged from below 4 to above 128. Seventy-six percent of the sera showed titers of 32 or above, and 34% showed titers of 128 or above. The titers had a tendency to be higher in the south and lower in the north and were clearly low in sera from areas with no swine industry. These results indicated that Japanese cattle had been infected with E. rhusiopathiae and that clinical cases of the disease were possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Renal structural-functional relationships in early diabetes mellitus.

To define the earliest renal morphological changes in patients with type I diabetes, we studied renal function and morphometric analysis of renal biopsies in 59 patients with diabetes for 5-12 years and normal blood pressure, normal creatinine clearance (CCr), and negative dipstick urinary protein. Arteriolar hyalinization and intimal fibrous thickening were noted in 43%. Glomerular basement membrane thickness and fractional mesangial volume were increased in 51% and 56%, respectively. The pre-pubertal and post-pubertal years of diabetes were associated with similar degrees of renal structural changes, but during the pre-pubertal years normal urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was seen. Principal factor analysis of morphometric structural parameters yielded four clusters of variables: "glomerular size" correlated with patient age, CCr, and UAE; "peripheral capillary decrease" correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin, diastolic blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, and UAE; "mesangial increase" correlated with UAE; and "interstitial scarring" correlated with diastolic blood pressure. This study provides unique documentation of renal structural abnormalities which precede clinically evident renal functional abnormalities and documents that these early structural abnormalities are present in the pre-pubertal years of diabetes as well as postpuberty, and are associated with each other in constellations that correspond to postulated mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Propranolol and amitriptyline in prophylaxis of migraine. Pharmacokinetic and therapeutic effects.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if the effectiveness of propranolol hydrochloride and amitriptyline hydrochloride are correlated with blood levels and/or with standardized test of pharmacologic effect and to determine which clinical variables are predictors of response to one or the other medication. DESIGN: Three-month modules of treatment with each drug and placebo in a randomized crossover design. Headache scores from daily diaries were calculated at monthly intervals, as were simultaneous blood levels of drug, supine and standing blood pressure, pulse rise with exercise, and salivary flow. SETTING: Outpatient headache clinic at the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City. PATIENTS: Thirty consecutive patients with a history of frequent migraine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: From headache scores, patients were classified as either propranolol responders, amitriptyline responders, or nonspecific responders. Clinical variables as predictors of response to medications were studied, as were effects on frequency, duration, and/or severity of headache. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: No significant correlations were found between changes in headache score and blood level of drug or change in any of the physiologic measurements. Amitriptyline significantly reduced the severity, frequency, and duration of headache attacks; propranolol reduced the severity of attacks only. Amitriptyline response was correlated with female gender and baseline headaches of shortest duration and of highest frequency. Propranolol response was associated with attacks of greatest duration at baseline and with low pulse rise with exercise at baseline. Nonspecific response was associated with male gender and most frequent headaches by history.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Promoting self-care in clients with arthritis.

Preliminary work regarding the development and pilot study of an individualized instructional program for rheumatoid arthritis clients is presented. The effect of the individualized instructional program was tested with 31 outpatients. Using analysis of covariance, the experimental group subjects scored significantly higher on the knowledge post-test when compared to scores of control group subjects (P = 0.0045). Analysis of variance for repeated measures revealed no significant difference in performance of tasks for the control group and experimental group (P = 0.08). In a follow-up study, the effect of the self-instructional program, practice time, and contracting were explored for their effect on adherence to self-care activities. Experimental groups (n = 42) scored significantly better than the control group (n = 11) on the knowledge post-test (P < 0.01), performance of joint protection practices (P = 0.01), range of motion exercises (P = 0.01), and adherence to joint protection practices at home (P < 0.01). Groups did not differ on adherence to range of motion exercises at home (P = 0.83).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Local recurrence of soft tissue sarcoma following brachytherapy.

Twenty-five patients with soft tissue sarcomas were treated with Ir192 implants following wide local excision at our institution between 1982 and 1987. External beam radiotherapy was given in addition to the implant in a majority of patients. The median follow-up in these 25 patients is 36 months (12 to 75 months). Twenty patients have had no evidence of local recurrence following their primary treatment (FFR = 80%). A multivariate analysis using stepwise logistic regression was used to predict failure in 3 years or less. Potential predictors examined included age, sex, tumor location, primary versus recurrent disease, grade, histology, surgical margins, implant only versus implant plus external beam, and a ratio of the volume of tissue which received 65 Gy (TV65) to the tumor volume (TV), that is (TV65/TV). The single variable which was significantly associated with local failure by 3 years was a TV65/TV of less than one. Once this variable was entered into the analysis, no other factor proved statistically significant. Our data suggest that when attempting local control of soft tissue sarcomas with brachytherapy, the volume of tissue receiving 65 Gy (TV65) from both implant and external beam must exceed the volume of the excised lesion (TV). Since the volume of a tumor can be readily determined prior to surgical excision either by CT or MRI scanning, pre-planning of the implant volume could potentially reduce the rate of local failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease.

To investigate possible risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) we conducted a case-control study of 150 PD patients and 150 age- and sex-matched controls. We interviewed and examined all 300 subjects. We collected demographic data including lifetime histories of places of residence, source of drinking water, and occupations such as farming. Subjects completed a detailed questionnaire regarding herbicide/pesticide exposure. Rural living and drinking well water were significantly increased in the PD patients. This was observed regardless of age at disease onset. Drinking well water was dependent on rural living. There were no significant differences between cases and controls for farming or any measure of exposure to herbicides or pesticides. These data provide further evidence that an environmental toxin could be involved in the etiology of PD.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The effect of concomitant disorders in childhood depression on predicting treatment response.

Children with pure depression or depression plus an anxiety-related disorder (n = 14) had a higher drug response rate (57%) and a lower placebo response rate (20%) when compared to children with depression plus a concomitant conduct or oppositional disorder (n = 17) (33% drug response rate and 67% placebo response rate). These findings could explain why studies of prepubertal-onset depression found no differences between drug and placebo treatment assuming that a large percentage of the studies' subjects had concomitant conduct or oppositional disorders. The children with pure depression or depression plus an anxiety-related disorder had different symptom clusters from those with depression plus a concomitant conduct or oppositional disorder. The former had more severe CDRS ratings on sleep, appetite disturbance, depressed feelings, and psychomotor retardation. In contrast, those with a concomitant conduct or oppositional disorder had shorter attention spans and were more likely to disturb other children (based on Conners scale scores).

Child↗
PubMed1990

Followup of adolescents initially treated for prepubertal-onset major depressive disorder with imipramine.

This preliminary followup of adolescents (n = 16) with prepubertal-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) suggests that a significant number continue to be depressed or possibly depressed (62%) and have moderate to severe ongoing psychosocial adjustment problems. A concomitant diagnosis of conduct or oppositional disorder at index assessment was a risk factor for an increased incidence of interim depressive episodes and more severe psychosocial adjustment problems including alcohol and drug abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Falls and Parkinson's disease.

One hundred patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and five patients with progressive supranuclear palsy were questioned about the frequency, circumstances, and consequences of falling. Parkinsonian symptoms were scored using the unified rating scale. Thirty-eight percent of parkinsonian patients fell, and 13% fell more than once a week. Broken bones (13%), hospitalization (18%), confinement to wheelchair (3%), and fear of walking occurred. Postural hypotension was uncommon and did not correlate to falling. Sensory loss, dementia, heart disease, and the use of antihypertensive medications were not related to falling. Falling did correlate with postural instability, bradykinesia, and rigidity but not with tremor. Falling was also related to age and duration of disease. The frequency of falling was correlated only to the severity of one parkinsonian symptom, postural instability. Progressive supranuclear palsy patients fell often and had marked postural instability. Factor analysis of parkinsonian characteristics yielded three groups, with tremor being an independent symptom. Frequent fallers and postural instability were not changed by dopaminergic therapy. Some fallers with gait difficulties and bradykinesia were improved with levodopa. Physical therapy was also of benefit to some patients. It is concluded that falling is a common problem in PD and may cause serious disability. Falling may be related to all the major motor signs except for tremor. Frequent falling is caused by postural instability, which is not reversible with dopaminergic therapy.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1989

A descriptive profile of the depressed child.

We have identified a number of basic descriptive features common to the prepubertal child (aged 6-12) who meets criteria for an objectively defined mood disorder in the inpatient psychiatric setting. Clinical and structured diagnostic interviews conducted with both the child and the parent revealed that DSM-III criteria for major adult mood disorders were easily met by the depressed children. The symptom profile for the child is similar to the adult profile: feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and despair; depressed mood; vegetative symptoms of low energy, appetite loss, and disturbed sleep; and quite frequently suicidal ideation and/or action. Noteworthy is the fact that most of the parents did not bring their children to the setting reporting that they (either themselves or the child) were depressed. The parent was most likely to focus on the change in school performance and on relationships with siblings or other family members (withdrawal, more fighting and irritability, anhedonia, etc.). In sum, our findings indicate that children with MDD tend to have family histories of psychiatric disorder, school problems, and psychosocial adjustment problems. We have also found IMI to be effective in treating the disorder (e.g., Hughes & Preskorn 1989; Preskorn et al. 1982, 1986, 1987). Thus, early diagnosis and effective treatment are possible. This conclusion raises the possibility that steps can be taken to prevent (or at least interrupt) the long-term sequelae (e.g., chronic dysthymia, impaired self-image, impaired psychosocial adjustment) of untreated depressive episodes in prepubertal children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1989

The efficacy of sighs in patients with COPD undergoing general anesthesia and controlled ventilation.

Fourteen patients with COPD underwent elective procedures below the umbilicus, all receiving a standard anesthetic. They were randomized to one of four groups differentiated by the presence or absence of sighing during mechanical ventilation. Patients who were sighed experienced both statistically and clinically significant improvement in their oxygenation efficiency as measured by the alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Anal cancer in women.

We studied predisposing factors in 56 women with anal cancer, comparing them with 56 matched controls drawn from the population. A detailed pretested questionnaire was administered to each study subject in a structured interview and blood was drawn for detection of herpes simplex virus antibodies by radioimmunoassay. Pathologic material from cases was obtained and evidence of human papilloma virus infection was sought. By univariate analyses we found associations between anal cancer and positive herpes simplex virus 2 titer (p = 0.0017), cigarette smoking (p = 0.0028), previous positive or questionable cervical Papanicolaou smear (p = 0.0124), and increasing number of sexual partners (p = 0.0224). By the multivariate technique of logistic regression there were independent and significant associations with cigarette smoking (p = 0.0126), previous use of hemorrhoid preparations (p = 0.0149), and history of disturbed bowel habits for greater than 1 mo (p = 0.0273). Anal cancer in women is a rare disease associated with cigarette smoking and sexual experience. Its association with previous anorectal disease is unclear and deserving of further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ultrafiltration coefficients of glomeruli from human biopsies.

Ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) was measured in vitro using glomeruli isolated from 28 human renal biopsies in order to asses both the relationship between glomerular structure and filtration characteristics and the relationship between Kf and patients' clinical state. The patients, ages 1 to 72 years, had a wide variety of renal diseases and serum creatinines of 1 to 16 mg/dl. Glomeruli were examined by light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, and glomerular alterations were measured. Filtration was induced in isolated glomeruli by an oncotic gradient and Kf calculated. Glomerular diameter (D), averaged for each patient, varied from 131 to 315 microns, and Kf varied from 5.7 to 51 nl/min mm Hg. Hydraulic conductivity (Lp) in 15 biopsies averaged 1.45 mu.min-1.mm Hg-1.cm-2. In order to identify the significant predictors of Kf and delineate their relationships, stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed. Kf increased with increasing glomerular size and with increasing degree of glomerular hypercellularity. D, in turn, increased with body surface area, urinary protein, and degree of capillary damage, and decreased with percent senescent glomeruli and degree of epithelial foot process broadening. Kf did not significantly correlate with clinical measures of renal function.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Influence of nutritional factors on calcium-regulating hormones and bone loss.

UNLABELLED: The relationships between nutritional factors, calcium regulating hormones, and bone density were evaluated in three groups of normal subjects in rural southeast Kansas. Dietary intake of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), protein, and vitamin D; and serum 25OHD, Ca, P, parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and bone density (distal 1/3 radius) were measured in 29 elderly women, 35 elderly men, and 50 perimenopausal women. Measurements were repeated 5 years and 4 years later respectively in 16 elderly women and 15 elderly men. The r values for significant regression correlations for each group were as follows: perimenopausal: bone density and dietary Ca:P--r = .29, iPTH and 25OHD--r = -.38; elderly women: 25OHD and dietary Vitamin D(D)--r = .58, change in bone density (delta BD) and initial bone density (BDI)--r = -.71, delta BD and serum 25OHD--r = -.60, serum calcium and age--r = -.42; elderly men: Serum 25OHD and D--r = .61, iPTH and 25OHD--r = -.43, iPTH and serum phosphorous--r = .59. CONCLUSIONS: The more adequate the state of vitamin D nutriture, the lower the serum iPTH in perimenopausal women and elderly men and the less bone loss in elderly women. The Ca:P ratio in the diet may be important in maintaining bone density in perimenopausal women.

Adult↗