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Biomedical subjects

R K Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to R K Gupta.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effectiveness of controlled-release personal-use arthropod repellents and permethrin-impregnated clothing in the field.

Two topical controlled-release personal-use arthropod repellent formulations of diethyl methylbenzamide (deet) and permethrin-impregnated clothing were tested on human volunteers in a tropical rain forest near Innisfail, Queensland, Australia. The field trials were arranged in a four-way factorial design which compared fabric types, permethrin treatment and repellent treatments over a 14-hour test period. An analysis of variance with each factor treated as a fixed effect indicated that treatment of the clothing with permethrin and use of topical repellents were effective in preventing bites. The controlled release formulations were not significantly better than the current U.S. Army formulation of deet under field conditions. The repellent formulations and the permethrin-treated clothing used as one system provided better protection than the repellent formulations or permethrin-treated clothing used separately.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of a bivalent vaccine against Marek's disease.

A bivalent vaccine was prepared by combining inactivated Marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus. The efficacy of this vaccine, compared to turkey herpesvirus and inactivated Marek's disease virus separately, was studied in unsexed White Leghorn chicks which were vaccinated at one day old and then challenged at 21 days old with fowl blood infected with virulent Marek's disease virus. The bivalent vaccine appreciably delayed mortality resulting from Marek's disease and elicited the highest protective efficacy as judged on the basis of Marek's disease-specific mortality and percentage occurrence of lesions. The occurrence, extent and severity of gross lymphomas and microscopic lymphoproliferative lesions in various organs of the bivalent vaccinated birds were less than in the other challenged groups. In addition, the level of viraemia remained consistently and significantly lower in the bivalent vaccinated birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Detection of brucella antigen in bovine fetal stomach contents by agar gel precipitation and counter-immunoelectrophoresis.

Among 21 fetuses from serologically positive dams soluble brucella antigen was detected in the stomach contents in 14 instances by agar gel precipitation test and in 19 by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Brucella abortus biotype 3 was isolated from the fetal stomach contents in 15 of these cases. None of 20 fetuses from serologically negative dams revealed brucella antigen in the stomach contents in either test.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hepato-duodenal fistula.

A description of a rare case of hepato-duodenal fistula was demonstrated on barium meal examination and subsequently surgically proved.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase reacting lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of chickens challenged with Marek's disease after vaccination with three different vaccines.

The average percentage of acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase reacting lymphocytes (APARL) was enumerated in the peripheral blood of chickens challenged with Marek's disease after vaccination with either turkey herpesvirus (HVT), inactivated Marek's disease virus (IMDV) or a mixture of the two (bivalent vaccine). A gradual increase in APARL value was noticed in the vaccinated chickens from day 7 to 70 after challenge with a virulent Marek's disease virus. The increase was consistent and significantly higher in bivalent (HVT plus IMDV) than in HVT-vaccinated chickens while the slight increase noticed in IMDV vaccinated-challenged birds was inconsistent.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

NMR measurement of intracellular water volume in rat kidney proximal tubules.

Knowledge of cell water volume is essential for the measurement of concentrations of intracellular ions and metabolites in kidney proximal tubules. We have developed a method which utilizes 35Cl-NMR as a measure of extracellular volume and 2H-NMR, in combination with a membrane-impermeable shift-reagent [Dy-DTPA]2-, as a measure of the ratio of intra- and extracellular water volumes. Measurement of extracellular volume by 35Cl-NMR is possible, since the resonance of intracellular 35Cl is too broad to be detectable in kidney cells. The 2H-NMR measurement exploits the fact that only extracellular water is in direct contact with [Dy-DTPA]2-. However, rapid exchange of water across the cell membrane results in only a single 2H2O resonance at a chemical shift which is a weighted average of the shifted extra- and unshifted intracellular water resonances. Expression of the extracellular volume as a fraction of the total volume by fCl and as a fraction of the total water-volume by fD, permits the calculation of the fractional cell-water content fw = [(1/fD)-1]/[(1/fCl)-1]. This approach was applied to proximal tubular suspensions prepared from the rat kidney. The water content was found to be 76.9 +/- 1.8% (n = 6) at 37 degrees C. Increasing extracellular osmolality from 295 to 390 mOsm/kg H2O, by addition of mannitol, decreased the water content by 21%. Our results are in good agreement with those obtained by the gravimetric method.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Missed cyst?

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Humans↗
PubMed1986

Serial determinations of melanoma tumor-associated antigen and antibody in patients with stage I melanoma.

The correlation of circulating immune complexes (CICs) and the clinical course of malignant melanoma has not been consistent when using nonspecific assays for CIC. To improve predictability, serial serum samples from patients with pathologic stage I melanoma were analyzed for the presence of antimelanoma tumor-associated antigen (TAA) antibody by direct radioimmunoassay and for the presence of melanoma TAA in CIC by the antigen competition method. Immunochemically characterized TAA was isolated from the spent culture medium of a melanoma cell line. Seventy-five percent of patients with melanoma TAA-specific immune complex (IC) had recurrences, while 71% of patients without melanoma TAA-specific IC remained free of disease for prolonged periods (up to 14 years of follow-up). Anti-TAA antibody titers did not correlate with disease recurrence. Our results demonstrate a correlation with melanoma TAA-specific IC and disease recurrence. The absence of melanoma TAA-specific IC is associated with a low risk of recurrence. Fluctuations in melanoma TAA-specific IC levels indicate a dynamic tumor host immunobiology and the need for serial follow-up.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Effects of elevated temperatures on the opacity and toxicity of pertussis vaccines manufactured with different inactivating agents.

Plain pertussis vaccine manufactured with different inactivating agents was evaluated for its stability at 4-8, 25 and 35 degrees C with regard to the opacity and the toxicity [mouse weight gain test (MWGT) and histamine sensitizing (HS) activity]. Two pools each of heat inactivated pertussis vaccine (HIPV), formaldehyde inactivated pertussis vaccine (FIPV), glutaraldehyde inactivated pertussis vaccine (GIPV), thimerosal inactivated pertussis vaccine (TIPV) and acetone (I) treated pertussis vaccine [A(I)TPV] were taken for the study. The test for determination of opacity and MWGT were performed at monthly intervals for three months and the test for HS activity was performed after three months exposure of the samples at various temperatures. There was almost no loss in the opacity of GIPV and TIPV at all the selected storage temperatures and of HIPV and FIPV at 4-8 degrees C, while A(I)TPV lost about 16% opacity in three months at 4-8 degrees C. At 25 degrees C after three months, the percentage loss in opacity of HIPV averaged about 12, of FIPV 17 and of A(I)TPV 33. At 35 degrees C after three months, the average percentage loss in opacity of HIPV was 16, of FIPV was 25 and of A(I)TPV was 33. Regarding the effect of elevated temperatures on the toxicity of the vaccine, it was observed that the samples held at 35 degrees C for three months were the least toxic followed by those held at 25 and 4-8 degrees C as detected by MWGT and the test for HS activity.

Acetone↗
PubMed1986

23Na NMR spectroscopy of proximal tubule suspensions.

Intracellular sodium concentrations in proximal tubule suspensions of rat kidney were measured by NMR spectroscopy. A simple method for the preparation of proximal tubule suspension is described. Examination by light microscopy revealed these preparations to contain 93.6 +/- 0.6% (N = 5) proximal tubules, and electron microscopy demonstrated that the tubules were open. When incubated with trypan blue for five min, only 2% of tubules picked-up the dye. The basal oxygen consumption rate was 0.42 +/- 0.01 microliter min-1 mg protein-1 (N = 6). Addition of succinate (5 mM) resulted in a fivefold increase in the rate of oxygen consumption. The 23Na spectra were obtained in proximal tubules incubated for 30 min in the aqueous shift reagent dysprosium tripolyphosphate Dy(PPPi)2(7-). The NMR observable sodium concentration was 34.1 +/- 1.8 mM at room temperature and 16.3 +/- 0.6 mM (P less than 0.001) at 37 degrees C. Addition of ouabain (10(-4) M) at 37 degrees C resulted in an increase in intracellular sodium to 30.9 +/- 2.9 mM (P less than 0.001), while nystatin increased the concentration of sodium to 72.0 +/- 9.1 mM (P less than 0.001), compared to basal concentration. Thus NMR permits the measurement of intracellular concentration of sodium in proximal tubules under basal conditions and to monitor, in the same preparation, the changes that occur under various experimental conditions without interfering with the morphologic integrity of the cells.

Animals↗