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Biomedical subjects

R Lindquist

Publications and source records attributed to R Lindquist.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Issues in complementary therapies: how we got to where we are.

Consumer interest in and use of complementary/alternative therapies has increased exponentially in the past decades. Although many of the over 1800 therapies have not been used in the delivery of nursing care, a number of these therapies have a long tradition of use in nursing. Additionally, nurses have conducted research on selected complementary therapies. Nursing is in an excellent position to be a leader in integrating these therapies into the Western biomedical health model and in continuing the research that will provide a better scientific base for the use of complementary therapies.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed2000

Mutagen exposures and chromosome 3 aberrations in acute myelocytic leukemia.

Thirteen patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and with clonal aberrations involving chromosome 3 were studied. Three patients had monosomy 3, four had trisomy 3, and six had structural aberrations of chromosome 3. In the majority of cases chromosome 3 aberrations were parts of complex karyotypes, but in two patients, the abnormalities appeared as single aberrations, one as an interstitial deletion del(3)(p13p21) and the other as monosomy 3. All breakpoints of chromosome 3 were found in the fragile site regions 3p14.2, 3q21 and 3q26-27. All patients with monosomy 3 or structural aberrations of chromosome 3 and one of the four patients with trisomy 3 had been exposed to mutagens, such as occupational exposures to organic solvents and/or petroleum products or treatments with irradiation or antineoplastic agents. The association among mutagen exposure, structural chromosome 3 aberrations and fragile sites in AML may indicate that targeting of the mutagens to these sites is of importance for the etiology of the disease. Leukemia (2000) 14, 112-118.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Development of health care delivery systems that are sensitive to the needs of stroke survivors and their caregivers.

The life-altering event of a stroke has long-term effects not only on stroke survivors but also on their caregivers, health care professionals, and health care delivery systems. The nurse administrator is faced with an obvious challenge to organize nursing systems to meet the multiple needs of the stroke survivor. The article presents data on the perceived needs of stroke survivors and their caregivers that provide direction and assistance to nursing administrators in organizing nursing services to address these perceived needs.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Interleukin-1 family expression in human breast cancer: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.

We hypothesize that interleukin-1 alpha, beta, and receptor antagonist (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 ra, respectively) are present and tumor cell associated in human breast cancer (HBC). We believe the levels of these cytokines in breast tumor homogenates relate to other known prognosticators of patient survival (i.e., estrogen receptor [ER] status). Our results demonstrated that, immunohistochemically, tumor cells express IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 ra in most specimens tested. In breast tissue homogenates, IL-1 alpha levels correlated inversely with ER levels (p < 0.06), whereas IL-1 ra levels correlated directly with both ER levels (p < 0.009) and IL-1 beta levels (p < 0.06). When analyzing cytokine levels for the ER (-) versus ER (+) patient groups, we found that in many instances these groups showed a different cytokine profile. These studies suggest that the IL-1 family of cytokines may be important in regulating protumorigenic activities within the HBC tumor microenvironment.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1999

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in human prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: We recently reported the expression and cytokine regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human prostate cancer (PCa). VEGF exerts its angiogenic and pro-tumorigenic properties by way of two high affinity receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT-1) and fetal liver kinase 1 (FLK-1). We hypothesized that these receptors are expressed and control VEGF functions in the PCa microenvironment. Herein, we evaluate the expression of these receptors in ex vivo PCa tissue, benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) tissue, and cultured PCa cell lines. METHODS: Ex vivo PCa specimens were obtained from patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Specimens were selected to contain both PCa and BPH tissue (n = 15). Immunohistochemical analysis using antihuman FLT-1 and FLK-1 was performed and specimens were analyzed to characterize the expression and distribution of both receptors. Immunocytochemical analysis for FLT-1 and FLK-1 was also performed on cultured PCa cell lines (DU-145 and LNCaP). RESULTS: PCa cells expressed the VEGF receptor FLT-1 in 100% of specimens evaluated. Expression of FLK-1 was variable and related to tumor grade; high-grade tumors displayed little or no FLK-1 expression. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) within areas of PCa consistently expressed both FLT-1 and FLK-1 receptors. FLT-1 and FLK-1 were both expressed in BPH tissue. FLT-1 was expressed in the glandular epithelial cells in BPH, but in most cases FLK-1 was localized specifically to the basal cell layer of hypertrophic glands. FLT-1, but not FLK-1, was expressed by the DU-145 and LNCaP cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Although they are differentially expressed, both FLT-1 and FLK-1 are present in PCa and BPH. Expression of receptors on VECs of tumor vessels supports the well-established role of VEGF in paracrine stimulation of VECs in the tumor microenvironment. The expression of FLT-1 and FLK-1 on tumor cells themselves suggests a potential autocrine function for VEGF (such as regulating tumor cell proliferation). These findings imply that a novel dual role may exist for VEGF, such that it is involved in tumor cell activation (autocrine), in addition to paracrine actions whereby it regulates endothelial cell functions and subsequent neovascular development.

Endothelium, Vascular↗
PubMed1998

Understanding and preventing adverse drug events.

Adverse drug events affect approximately 10% of patients in hospitals and result in increased rates of morbidity and mortality. These adverse events extend hospital stays an estimated 1.7 to 2.2 days and increase costs by approximately $3,200 for patients who are affected. Nurses play a key role in reducing risks of adverse drug events. Through purposeful, planned actions, nurses can help to curtail unexpected costs and can further promote safe patient care. Specific problem areas of the drug delivery system resulting in high numbers of significant (lethal or severe) drug events can be targeted for precautionary actions. An interdisciplinary "safety net" can be developed and maintained to reduce these events. Guidelines are recommended for system-wide approaches to prevention and continuous quality improvement activities.

Drug Delivery Systems↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of preoperative characteristics of men and women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (the Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft [CABG] Biobehavioral Study).

A cohort of 759 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients (269 women and 490 men) was enrolled in the prospective POST CABG Biobehavioral Study at 5 clinical centers in the United States and Canada. Sociodemographic and medical data were obtained by interview and from medical charts. Health-related quality of life and psychosocial data were ascertained preoperatively by interview and questionnaire for those patients whose condition allowed preoperative assessment and was compared among patients from hospitals enrolling both male and female patients (143 women and 267 men). Women enrolled in the Biobehavioral Study were older than men (65.4 +/- 9.0 vs 61.8 +/- 9.7 years, p < 0.001) and more likely to have a preoperative medical condition which precluded biobehavioral evaluation (47% vs 34%, p < 0.001). Women were less likely to be high school graduates (59% vs 74%, p < 0.001), were less likely to be earning > or = $25,000 per year (39% vs 69%, p < 0.001), and were married less often at the time of surgery (59% vs 85%, p < 0.001). Fewer women than men were able to perform basic self-care activities (p < 0.001) and social activities (p < 0.001). Women were also less able to perform the more demanding activities required for independent living, recreation, and maintaining a household (p < 0.001). Women were also more anxious (p = 0.01) and reported more depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) than men. These data suggest that plans for perioperative and convalescent care for women undergoing CABG should take into account their less favorable medical and psychosocial status relative to men.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the overexpression of protumorigenic interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity within the tumor tissue is a result of decreased expression of the specific antagonist or inhibitor (ie, IL-1 receptor antagonist) by the tumor cells. Ultimately, this local overexpression of IL-1 activity increases tumor growth and metastasis. DESIGN: To test our hypotheses, immunologic analysis for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist was performed on histologic sections and tumor homogenates of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Normal and tumor specimens were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resections of the head and neck for benign and malignant disease. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist within tumor cells and inflammatory cells in the tumor stroma in 19 of 19 tumor specimens. Quantitatively, IL-1 alpha was present in 19 of 19 tumor specimens (1.97 +/- 0.46 ng/mg of total protein [mean +/- SD]) and 5 of 9 normal specimens (0.23 +/- 0.12 ng/mg of total protein). All specimens contained IL-1 beta in detectable quantities (1.60 +/- 0.29 ng/mg of total protein in tumor specimens and 0.189 +/- 0.04 ng/mg of total protein in normal specimens). All specimens contained IL-1 receptor antagonist (368.87 +/- 57.63 ng/mg of total protein in tumor specimens and 585.10 +/- 166.03 ng/mg of total protein in normal specimens). The mean total IL-1/IL-1 receptor antagonist ratio was 13.26 +/- 2.31 in patients with cancer compared with 0.997 +/- 0.26 in normal patients. CONCLUSIONS: The increased IL-1 index in the cancer state compared with the normal state reflects an imbalance of IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist, which may contribute to unrestricted growth and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta receptors on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor cells.

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has antiproliferative effects on normal and neoplastic cells that express specific TGF-beta receptors. We hypothesize that diminished expression of TGF-beta and/or its receptors may contribute to the uncontrolled proliferation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCA) cancer cells. METHODS: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we characterized the expression of TGF-beta isoforms and TGF-beta receptors, TGF-beta(RI) and TGF-beta(RII), in HNSCCA. Tumor production of TGF-beta was evaluated in culture supernatants from a cytokine-stimulated HNSCCA tumor line (HTB-43). RESULTS: All control specimens displayed strong cell-associated staining of TGF-beta as well as both receptors. Forty-seven of 47 cancer specimens exhibited positive staining for TGF-beta in the tumor matrix. Forty of the 47 cancer specimens demonstrated no expression of TGF-beta(RI), and 43 of the 47 expressed no TGF-beta(RII). Only interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta induced significant TGF-beta expression from the HTB-43 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased expression of TGF-beta receptors may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of HNSCCA by allowing uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1995

Enhanced tumor cell expression of tumor necrosis factor receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To determine if tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors are upregulated in tumor cells, we measured the distribution and levels of TNF-alpha and TNF-beta, and TNF receptors RI and RII, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor specimens and normal control specimens. METHODS: HNSCC and control tissue specimens were analyzed qualitatively using immunohistochemistry and quantitatively using immunoassays. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, TNF RI, and TNF RII antigens were associated predominately with tumor cells in the tissue. Quantitative analysis of TNF factors and receptors in tissue homogenates (mean levels +/- standard error of the mean, in pg/mg of total protein) indicated that: (1) TNF-alpha levels in cancer patients were not statistically different from levels in normal tissues (7.27 +/- 0.91 versus 4.62 +/- 1.33, respectively, P < 0.11); (2) TNF-beta levels in cancer patients were one third of those in normal tissue (5.07 +/- 1.83 versus 16.06 +/- 3.26, respectively, P < 0.01); and (3) both TNF RI and TNF RII levels were consistently elevated two- to four-fold in the cancer tissue when compared to normal tissue levels (1,228.72 +/- 125.67 versus 650.33 +/- 187.70, P < 0.01; and 823.39 +/- 95.90 versus 230.03 +/- 153.01, P < 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In HNSCC, enhanced expression of TNF receptors on the cancer cells occurs and is likely to contribute to the regulation of TNF and its activation of tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment; targeting these receptors in cancer cells may provide a new approach to controlling tumor growth and metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Optical flow, spatial orientation, and the control of posture in the elderly.

Stabliographic techniques were used to better understand the role of the visual system in the perceptual motor activity of older people as it relates to the maintenance of postural control. The central research question was to determine the sensitivity of the subject's visual system to changes in three standard conditions of optical flow generated by an experimental moving room. Any movement that was present as a function of this optical flow field was recorded on a force platform and expressed in movement of a computed center-of-pressure variable. Movement of the center of pressure was recorded in a baseline condition and in the experimental conditions, and the data were analyzed with respect to differences in the three conditions of optical flow and between both younger and older subjects. The older subject group exhibited less stability than the younger subjects in response to the baseline conditions; and, after adjusting for baseline movement, the center-of-pressure motions of younger and older subjects, in response to the experimental conditions, were compared. No reliable differences were present between younger and older subjects for the radial optical flow condition; in the lamellar flow condition, older subjects moved significantly more than younger subjects; and, in the combined condition (global), the movement of the older subjects was significantly greater than that of the younger subjects for all motion variables recorded. The results are interpreted and discussed both in terms of their implication for falling in the elderly and in the context of an ecological interpretation of the role of vision in maintaining postural stability while both stationary and in motion.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1994

Overcoming the obstacles to research-based clinical practice.

The utilization of research findings in the practice of critical care nursing is essential to obtain optimal patient outcomes. However, the speed and extent to which new research-based findings are applied to clinical practice falls short of expectations. The authors identify obstacles to the timely utilization of research. Strategies to overcome the obstacles to research-based clinical practice are presented.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1994

Reviews and summaries of research related to AACN 1980 research priorities: contextual topics.

This article reviews and summarizes the research conducted following publication of the 1980s American Association of Critical-Care Nurses' contextual research priorities. Reports of original research conducted on the contextual priority topics between 1981 and 1991 were included. Review articles, doctoral dissertations, theses, and abstracts were excluded unless judged to provide important information on the topic. Following the statement of each priority, progress in the area is summarized. Limitations and measurement issues are discussed as appropriate. Recommendations for future research are provided, and progress in the area is summarized.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Reviews and summaries of research related to AACN 1980 research priorities: clinical topics.

This article reviews and summarizes the research conducted following publication of the 1980s American Association of Critical-Care Nurses' clinical research priorities. Original research conducted on the clinical priority topics between 1981 and 1991 was included. Review articles, doctoral dissertations, theses and abstracts were excluded unless judged to provide important information on the topic. Following the statement of each priority, progress in the area is summarized. Limitations and measurement issues are discussed as appropriate. Recommendations for future research are provided, and progress in the area is summarized.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1993

Determining AACN's research priorities for the 90s.

The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses completed a three-phased process of priority identification for critical care nursing research. In phase 1, a 78-item survey was generated following a comprehensive review of potential research topics. In phase 2, approximately 1000 critical care nurses rated each item on the survey for importance to critical care nursing. Based on these results, the AACN Research Committee formulated a clinical and a nonclinical (contextual) list of research topics. Each list contained 25 topics. In phase 3, topics were given final rankings at a 1-day Consensus Conference on Research Priorities. Both Likert-type and magnitude estimation scaling were used to determine priority ranking of items on each list. As a result, both clinical and contextual research priorities were established for AACN.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Antiarthritic profile of BF-389--a novel anti-inflammatory agent with low ulcerogenic liability.

BF-389, dihydro-4-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-2H-1,2- oxazin-3(4H)-one, is a potent, orally active, antiarthritic and analgesic agent with low ulcerogenic potential. A comparison of the activity profiles of BF-389 and naproxen showed similarities in: (1) suppression of developing and chronic adjuvant arthritis (AA); (2) maximal inhibitory response, as shown by the E(max) values in the developing and established AA models; (3) inhibition of bone degenerative changes associated with chronic adjuvant arthritis; and (4) analgesic activity in the acetic acid and phenylquinone writhing assays. Though BF-389 has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, IC50 = 0.84 +/- 0.25 microM against the production of PGE2 in vitro, there is a great difference from most cyclooxygenase inhibitors; it also inhibits the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. For BF-389, the IC50 for in vitro LTB4 formation was found to be 3.65 +/- 1.19 microM. The ulcerogenic potential of BF-389 was compared to that of naproxen using a five-day in vivo ulcerogenic rat assay. The UD50 for naproxen was found to be approximately 30 mg/kg/day, p.o. Based upon efficacy in the DEV AA and EST AA models, UD50/ED50 values for naproxen were estimated to be 0.7 and 1.9, respectively. For BF-389 the UD50 was shown to be 520 (389-695) mg/kg/day, p.o., and the corresponding UD50/ED50 values were calculated to be 84 and 28, respectively, thus demonstrating the wide margin of safety between efficacy and ulcerogenicity in rats.

Animals↗