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Biomedical subjects

R Lindquist

Publications and source records attributed to R Lindquist.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Sensitivity and specificity of saliva thiocyanate and cotinine for cigarette smoking: a comparison of two collection methods.

Saliva samples returned by mail were compared to duplicates returned by interviewers in terms of the sensitivity and specificity of cotinine and thiocyanate analyses performed on those samples to detect tobacco use. Compared to the samples returned by interviewers, those returned through the mail were slightly lower in specificity but similar in sensitivity. These findings confirm that saliva samples do not deteriorate during transit via the postal service, although substantial questions remain that concern the validity of such samples in the evaluation of cessation programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Acute leukemia in professional drivers exposed to gasoline and diesel.

The environmental exposure to the petroleum products gasoline, diesel, and their motor exhausts was studied in a case-control interview of 125 patients with acute leukemia and 1 matched control per patient. Odds ratios were calculated by comparing discordant matched patient-control pairs. An excess risk for developing acute leukemia was found for the professional drivers, and odds ratio was determined to be 3.0 (95% CI: 1.1-9.2/p less than or equal to 0.02). For those who were exposed for more than 5 years in their life-time, or more than 1 yr during the 5-20 yr period prior to diagnosis, the odds ratio was 5.0 (p less than 0.05). This finding remains after consideration is given to exposures to organic solvents, smoking and therapeutic x-ray treatment. No excess risk was observed for persons professionally exposed to motor oil and machine oil without exposure to fuels and exhausts. No preferential type of acute leukemia was found to be associated with exposure to fuels and their exhausts. The results indicate an etiological relationship between the development of acute leukemia and exposure to petroleum products as fuels and exhaust.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantations at Huddinge Hospital and strategies to improve survival.

At Huddinge Hospital 275 patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Among children in first remission of acute leukemia or chronic phase CML (early leukemia), with HLA-identical marrow the 8-year leukemia-free survival was 77%. This was better than 38% in children undergoing transplantation in second to fourth remission (p less than 0.0009). In adults with early leukemia, the 8-year leukemia-free survival was 47% compared to 21% for intermediate-risk adults (p = 0.007). Among 25 patients with severe aplastic anemia receiving marrow from HLA-identical siblings, the actuarial 10-year survival was 78%. In 14 patients with various metabolic disorders, of whom half received marrow from HLA-mismatched donors, the actuarial 7-year survival was 71%. Forty-three patients were given marrow from HLA-mismatched donors and had an increased incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and death due to GvHD compared to recipients of HLA-identical bone marrow. The major causes of death among our patients were relapse of leukemia, death due to GvHD, cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis, bacterial infection and invasive fungal infections. By preventing GvHD with T-cell depletion or methotrexate (MTX) combined with cyclosporine (CsA) acute GvHD decreased, but the incidence of relapse increased compared to patients treated with MTX or CsA alone. This resulted in improved survival in patients older than 30 years, but a nonsignificant decrease in leukemia-free survival in younger patients. There was an association between herpes virus immunity in the recipient and GvHD. CMV pneumonitis increased following GvHD and decreased in patients treated with MTX combined with CsA. Invasive fungal infections may be treated or prevented using amphotericin B encapsulated in liposomes with few side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Increased risk of developing acute leukemia after employment as a painter.

A case-control interview study of 125 adult patients with acute leukemia and 125 controls matched with respect to age (+/- four years), sex, and residence was carried out in central Sweden during the period from September 1980 to May 1983. Their history of organic solvent exposure is described. A significant overrisk of developing acute leukemia was found when comparison between patients and controls revealed a difference in the solvent exposure rate, which was significantly higher in patients than in controls, with an estimated odds ratio (OR) of 4.9, 95% CI (2.2 to 12.1). The most frequently exposed profession, painters, exhibit a relative risk of 13 (2.0 to 554). These results suggest that an etiologic relationship exists between organic solvent exposure and the development of acute leukemia in man.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Bone marrow transplantation in three patients with multiple myeloma.

Three patients with multiple myeloma received bone marrow grafts from HLA-identical sibling donors. One of the patients, with IgA kappa myeloma, refractory to alkeran-prednisone therapy, is well and still without sign of disease 26 months post transplantation. A second patient with Bence-Jones kappa myeloma is well, and skeletal pain and Bence-Jones proteinuria has disappeared 2 months after transplantation. A third patient with IgG-lambda myeloma died of effusive pericarditis shortly after transplantation. Bone marrow transplantation may be indicated in a selective group of patients with multiple myeloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Purification and characterization of major extracellular proteinases from Trichophyton rubrum.

Two extracellular proteinases that probably play a central role in the metabolism and pathogenesis of the most common dermatophyte of man, Trichophyton rubrum, were purified to homogeneity. Size-exclusion chromatography and Chromatofocusing were used to purify the major proteinases 42-fold from crude fungal culture filtrate. The major enzyme has pI 7.8 and subunit Mr 44 000, but forms a dimer of Mr approx. 90 000 in the absence of reducing agents. A second enzyme with pI 6.5 and subunit Mr 36 000, was also purified. It is very similar in substrate specificity to the major enzyme but has lower specific activity, and may be an autoproteolysis product. The major proteinase has pH optimum 8, a Ca2+-dependence maximum of 1 mM, and was inhibited by serine-proteinase inhibitors, especially tetrapeptidyl chloromethane derivatives with hydrophobic residues at the P-1 site. Kinetic studies also showed that tetrapeptides containing aromatic or hydrophobic residues at P-1 were the best substrates. A kcat./Km of 27 000 M-1 X S-1 was calculated for the peptide 3-carboxypropionyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide. The enzyme has significant activity against keratin, elastin and denatured type I collagen (Azocoll).

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1985

Purification and characterization of an elastinolytic proteinase secreted by cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni.

An elastinolytic proteinase secreted by tissue-invasive larvae of Schistosoma mansoni has been purified to homogeneity. Size-exclusion chromatography and chromatofocusing were used to purify the enzyme 18-fold from crude larval secretions. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of 30,000, a pI of 8, a pH optimum of 9, and a calcium dependence of 2 mM. A second Mr 17,000 form of the enzyme was present in crude secretions and appears to be an autoproteolysis product. The enzyme is a serine proteinase that preferentially binds tetrapeptide inhibitors or substrates with an aromatic or hydrophobic residue at the P-1 site. In addition to being active against elastin, the enzyme degrades Azocoll, gelatin, laminin, fibronectin, keratin, and type IV collagen.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Low density lipoprotein receptor activity in human leukemic cells--relation to chromosome aberrations.

Chromosome analysis and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity of leukemic cells from 38 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia were correlated. Clonal chromosome aberrations were found in 22 patients, and an extra chromosome 8 was found in 7 of them. LDL receptor activity was significantly higher in patients with an extra chromosome 8 than in patients with other abnormalities or a normal karyotype. Chromosome 8 may harbor genes of importance for the expression of the LDL receptor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Prognostic implications of in vitro colony studies and clonal chromosomal aberrations in adults with acute leukaemia.

A comparison was made between in vitro colony culture parameters and chromosomal abnormalities in 44 adult patients with acute leukaemia, with special reference to prognosis. The presence of clonal chromosomal aberrations in some (AN) or all (AA) metaphases of bone marrow cells was a fairly strong indication of poor prognosis, while the absence of abnormal metaphases (NN) was a favourable prognostic sign. 6 of 7 patients in the NN group entered complete remission (CR), as did 8 of 20 in the AN + AA group and 8 of 17 in the group with random loss of chromosomes (NNA). The median survival time for AN + AA patients was 4 months, while for patients without clonal aberrations (NN + NNA) it was 9 months. Of the cultural parameters studied, colony-stimulating activity (CSA) of peripheral leucocytes had the strongest correlation to prognosis. CSA greater than 1 was related to remission (P less than 0.01) and longer survival (P less than 0.05 at 4 months), while 8 patients with CSA less than or equal to 1 were all dead at 8 months. However, very high CSA values (greater than 20) indicate a poor prognosis. Although both chromosome analysis and CSA were of prognostic value, combining the 2 parameters did not improve the prognostic information, mainly because of covariation of NN and CSA greater than 1.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Trisomy 8 in the chronic phase of Philadelphia negative chronic myelocytic leukaemia.

An unusual case of Philadelphia negative chronic myelocytic leukaemia and an extra chromosome 8 in all bone marrow cells is described. The abnormality was present at diagnosis of the disease and throughout the chronic phase which lasted for somewhat less than 2 years. The patient died soon after the blastic transformation with no other chromosomal abnormalities.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case for multisite studies in critical care.

Studies in critical care settings are essential to improve critical care practice. Critical care research conducted at a single site may be limited with respect to sample size leading to large type II error, diminished statistical power, decreased generalizability, and inconclusive results. Multiple-site studies are more likely to change nursing practice in critical care. They allow for larger sample size, broader sampling, faster accrual rates, and meaningful subgroup analyses. Successful multisite research requires more thorough planning, and deliberate steps are required to ensure its feasibility and acceptability. Multisite research protocols can be challenging regarding communication, reliability, and data integrity. However, defining and addressing these challenges and selecting subjects and settings appropriately can lead to results that are more generalizable and relevant to practice.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth inhibition of glass ionomer cements on mutans streptococci.

This study was conducted to identify the factors involved in the antibacterial activity of glass ionomer cement (GIC) on mutans streptococci. The antibacterial effect of GIC was estimated using agar plates infected with strains of S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The effect of pH and fluoride release of GIC on mutans streptococci was studied under acid and neutral pH. Strains of S. sobrinus were more sensitive to GIC antibacterial activity, the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.001). The GIC Fuji II LC, Fuji II type II, Vitremer, Vitrebond, and Ketac-Cem were the most active materials in this study. The inhibition activity was associated with GIC fluoride release; 140 +/- 25 ppm were required to inhibit S. sobrinus 6715. Inhibition activity was not associated with changes in pH after setting of these materials.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗