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Biomedical subjects

R Lundgren

Publications and source records attributed to R Lundgren.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) in BAL fluid distinguishes farmers with allergic alveolitis from farmers with asymptomatic alveolitis.

Pulmonary function measurements, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and analyses of precipitating antibodies in blood were performed in 12 farmers wtih no symptoms from the airways and 12 farmers who were admitted to the hospital due to acute symptoms of alveolitis (all nonsmokers). In addition, a bronchial methacholine provocation test was performed in the asymptomatic farmers. In 11 of the 12 symptomatic farmers but in none of the asymptomatic farmers, precipitating antibodies against one or more of the microorganisms which usually occur in a farmer's environment were found. In the farmers with symptomatic alveolitis, a restrictive impairment of pulmonary function was found, while pulmonary function was normal in all asymptomatic farmers. Findings in the BAL fluid showed increased concentrations of total cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils and elevated levels of albumin, fibronectin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme in asymptomatic farmers compared with our own reference group. The same analyses in BAL fluid from the symptomatic farmers revealed a further increase in all parameters compared with the asymptomatic farmers. The BAL fluid from asymptomatic farmers had normal levels of hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) and procollagen 3 N-terminal peptide, while these levels were significantly increased in the symptomatic group. We conclude that inflammation in the alveolar space and signs of activation of alveolar macrophages are present in farmers regardless of respiratory symptoms, although these findings are more pronounced in the presence of symptoms of acute alveolitis; however, the findings of impaired pulmonary function and the occurrence of precipitins and elevated levels of hyaluronic acid and procollagen 3 N-terminal peptide in BAL fluid were exclusively found in the farmers with airways symptoms. We postulate the hyaluronic acid, due to its pronounced ability to immobilize water, may be of importance in the development of the pulmonary function impairment observed in farmer's lung disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Nasal CPAP--treatment of choice in obstructive sleep apnea].

There is no doubt about the effectiveness of nasal-CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) in treatment on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), however there has been doubts about the tolerance and compliance rate. Seventy-two (88 percent) out of 82 patients evaluated for CPAP tolerated and accepted treatment for home use. Five patients did not tolerate CPAP at all, of them four were former operated with Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Five patients refused home CPAP therapy. According to a questionnaire 42 (91 percent) out of 46 patients with home CPAP therapy used their CPAP five to seven nights/week. We suggest CPAP as the treatment of choice at AHI greater than 20, since the treatment is highly effective and well tolerated by the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

AgNOR staining in benign hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate.

We have modified existing techniques for silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions of intact interphase cells by hypotonic swelling and by formic acid treatment to reduce background staining. This allowed the microscopic identification and counting of individual AgNORs in the nucleoli. The method was used on nine adenomatous prostatic samples (including one of normal prostate tissue outside a localized tumor) and on seven prostatic adenocarcinomas. In general, the adenomatous samples displayed fewer AgNORs (mean 13 dots/cell) than did the carcinomas (mean 24 dots/cell). Although no cells with very high AgNOR counts were found in specimens from nonmalignant tumors, two of the adenomatous prostates did have AgNOR profiles that to a large extent overlapped with those of carcinomas. A highly differentiated carcinoma (of which only very small amounts were present in the sample) had low AgNOR counts. The three moderately differentiated carcinomas had more silver-positive material than the nonmalignant prostates but less than the three poorly differentiated carcinomas. The latter tumors also had a substantial proportion of cells with greater than 60 AgNOR counts, something that was never seen in carcinomas with higher differentiation. The data indicate that analysis of silver staining-positive material in intact interphase cells may help distinguish between benign and malignant prostatic tumors and between highly malignant and low malignant carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Constitutive heterochromatin C-band polymorphism in prostatic cancer.

The size of the heterochromatin C-bands on chromosomes has been reported to be associated with some, but by no means all, human malignancies. No studies along these lines have been performed in prostatic cancer. We therefore investigated the size, incidence of inversions, and symmetry versus asymmetry of C-band heteromorphisms on chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 52 prostatic cancer patients and 183 healthy individuals. There were no differences in C-band heteromorphism on chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 between the patients and the controls. Neither were there any differences when patients with early-stage disease were compared with patients with more advanced cancer. Younger (aged less than 70 years) cancer patients had significantly higher frequencies of larger C-bands on chromosomes 1 (p less than 0.01) and 16 (p less than 0.001) than did patients aged more than 70 years at diagnosis. This could indicate a possible relationship between the amount of constitutive heterochromatin on chromosomes 1 and 16 and susceptibility to early development of prostatic cancer but could also result from the age differences between the two patient groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effect of cetirizine on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction and bronchoalveolar cells.

The effect of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist (cetirizine) on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was studied in 12 healthy volunteers. In previous studies we have observed an increased number of inflammatory cells, albumin and hyaluronan in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid 24 h after an inhalation challenge test with histamine-chloride. In the present study certirizine blocked the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction but did not influence the cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our result suggests that the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction but not the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid is mediated by histamine H1 receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cytogenetic studies of prostatic cancer.

In this study we wanted to find out if the size or position of the constitutive C-band positive heterochromatin regions of chromosomes was associated with variation in prostatic cancer predisposition. We found no such association when comparing the whole patient group with healthy controls, but younger (less than 70 years) cancer patients had significantly higher frequencies of large C-bands on chromosomes 1 and 16 than older patients (greater than 70 years). This could indicate a possible relationship between the amount of constitutive heterochromatin on chromosomes 1 and 16 and susceptibility to early development of prostatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine if the number of AgNORs was higher in malignant than normal or hyperplastic prostatic tissue, and if the number of AgNORs increased with increasing grade of malignancy. More AgNOR dots were found in the prostatic adenocarcinomas (average 24/cell) than in the normal and hyperplastic prostates (average 13/cell). The poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas had more AgNORs than the moderately and well differentiated cancers. The data indicate that analysis of silver staining-positive material in intact interphase cells may help distinguish between benign and malignant prostatic tumors, and between highly malignant and low malignant carcinomas. The purpose was to find consistent and specific chromosome abnormalities in primary prostatic adenocarcinomas. Because then existing techniques for culturing human neoplastic prostatic tissue rarely yielded sufficiant epithelial cell growth and mitosis we decided to modify these techniques. Tumor samples from 82 patients were processed for short-term culture. Cytogenetic analysis was successful in 57 tumors, 42 of which were cultured after September 1, 1988, when the modifications were implemented. Thirteen of the 15 primary tumor samples that contained clonal karyotypic abnormalities were processed after September 1, 1988. Loss of chromosomal material from 7q, 8p, and 10q, and structural aberrations of bands 7q22 and 10q24 were the most common aberrations found. From these data it may be inferred that both loss of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes located in the breakpoint regions may be important pathogenetic events in the development or progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma. In this study we wanted to examine the clinical implications of karyotypic abnormalities. We found a significant difference in survival after diagnosis and surgery between patients whose tumors had clonal structural abnormalities (A), patients whose tumors had nonclonal changes (NA), and patients whose tumors had normal karyotypes only (N).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

On the significance of trisomy 7 and sex chromosome loss in renal cell carcinoma.

Cytogenetic analysis of 30 renal cell carcinomas showed 3p aberrations in nine tumors, trisomy 7 in 17 tumors, and clonal loss of one sex chromosome in 14 tumors. The 3p aberrations and trisomy 7 were present in the same clone in two tumors and in separate clones in three tumors. Loss of one sex chromosome was present together with 3p aberrations in the same clone in one tumor and occurred in seemingly unrelated clones in two tumors. It occurred as the sole change in five tumors. Clones with trisomy 7 as the only change were present in six tumors. Trisomy 7 and loss of one sex chromosome were present in separate clones in four tumors and in the same clone in one tumor. Because +7 and -X/-Y were thus rarely present together with clonal structural abnormalities, in particular 3p changes, our findings make it highly unlikely that loss of one sex chromosome or trisomy 7 represents a primary change in renal cell carcinoma. We instead suggest that there is a tendency for normal kidney cells to lose an X or a Y chromosome and also to gain an extra copy of chromosome 7. This tendency is retained by renal carcinoma cells; therefore, trisomy 7 and sex chromosome loss should not be viewed as tumor-specific abnormalities in this context. Whether these simple numerical aberrations reflect in vivo mosaicism or are acquired in vitro remains unresolved.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An improved technique for short-term culturing of human prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue for cytogenetic analysis.

An improved technique for cytogenetic analysis of malignant prostatic tissue is described. This method is based on 1) prolonged mild collagenase treatment, 2) careful washing and repeated centrifugation and sedimentation of the disaggregated material to isolate viable prostatic epithelial cells, 3) short-term culture on collagen R-coated chamber slides with PFMR-4 medium supplemented with mitogenic factors, and 4) daily inspection of the cultured cells to determine the optimal time for harvesting. Twenty consecutive primary prostatic adenocarcinomas were cultured and processed for cytogenetic analysis. Outgrowth of pure epithelial colonies was obtained in 16 cases; in three there was a mixture of epithelial colonies and fibroblasts, and in one there was no cell growth. More than 25 metaphases with chromosomes of high banding quality could be analyzed per case, in particular in cultures from the final pellet fraction. Clonal chromosome aberrations were present in four tumors, and nonclonal structural changes were present in nine. Six tumors showed only normal diploid karyotypes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Trisomy 7, trisomy 10, and loss of the Y chromosome in short-term cultures of normal kidney tissue.

Numerical chromosome aberrations are common in several types of malignant tumors. Recently, trisomy 7 and loss of the Y chromosome were described in cultures from nonneoplastic tissue, making the significance of these aberrations as cancer-associated changes doubtful. We herein report the mosaic occurrence of trisomy 7 in four consecutive short-term cultures initiated from normal kidney tissue. Smaller clones with trisomy 10 were present in three cases, and the only culture established from a male also showed mosaic loss of the Y chromosome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

One-stage ultrasound screening in pregnancy. An evaluation.

A one-stage ultrasound screening program was evaluated, using a pregnancy/perinatal database containing information from 2766 pregnancies and deliveries. Among women who did not have a second-trimester ultrasound examination, labor was induced for presumed post-term pregnancy in 4.0% versus 1.6% of pregnancies in the screening group (p = 0.007). In the group with second-trimester ultrasound scanning other than screening, the frequency was 3.2%. Of women with spontaneous labor or who were induced for presumed post-term pregnancy, 3.8% in a screening group and 8.0% in a group with other second-trimester ultrasound examination were post-term according to BPD measurements (p = 0.0003). In the screening group, 6.2% of liveborn singletons were small for gestational age (less than the 10th percentile) compared with 8.5% in the non-screening group (p less than 0.05). A subset of 365 screened women with optimal menstrual history had spontaneous labor or were induced for presumed post-term pregnancy. According to menstrual history and ultrasound examination, 7.4% and 3.8% of these were post-term, respectively (p = 0.04). It is concluded that the main value of screening lies in a more accurate dating of pregnancy, even when menstrual history is optimal, with a lower incidence of induced labor for believed post-term pregnancies. In addition, there may be an improvement in the obstetric management of pregnancy, reflected in our study as a lower incidence of small for gestational age infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Bronchial epithelium in humans recently recovering from respiratory infections caused by influenza or mycoplasma.

Sixty three bronchial mucosal biopsies were collected from 12 patients recovering from respiratory infections with influenza virus (n = 8) and Mycoplasma (n = 4). The bronchoscopy was performed within 1-6 wks from the onset of symptoms. Of the 63 biopsies prepared for light microscopy, 27 biopsies from the influenza patients and 10 from the Mycoplasia patients were further analysed at the light and electron microscope level. The epithelium and the underlying stroma was analysed morphometrically and the results were compared to those of 39 biopsies from 27 healthy subjects. A slightly raised bronchial reactivity was noted in two patients. In the influenza patients the epithelial height was greater compared to that of the healthy subjects and subepithelial lymphocytosis was noted. Areas with damaged epithelium, epithelium shedding, and occasionally a thickened basement membrane, considered typical for asthma, occurred in both infected groups, and in the biopsies of the healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Structural characterization of bronchial mucosal biopsies from healthy volunteers: a light and electron microscopical study.

Bronchial mucosal biopsies were collected by flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) from normal healthy volunteers. The volunteers were not receiving any medication and had been free from respiratory infection for at least five weeks prior to the bronchoscopy. Biopsies with a minimum of 115 microns of undamaged perpendicularly sectioned epithelium were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. The height of the epithelium varied between 22-62.5 microns, with a median value of 41.5 microns. The volume density of the various epithelial cells in relation to the total epithelium was 61% for the ciliated and non-ciliated, non-secretory luminal cells, 6% for the goblet cells and 32% for the basal cells. The width of the lamina reticularis of the basement membrane ranged between 3-17.5 microns, with a median value of 8.5 microns. Blood vessels occupied 2.8% of the subepithelial tissue. Only a few inflammatory cells were seen in the connective tissue, volume density occupied by lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear granulocytes, 0.6% and 0.2% respectively. This study shows that structural damage is a common finding in biopsies collected by FFB. Mechanical damage of bronchial biopsies caused by the forceps should be considered before alterations in the epithelium are attributed to pulmonary disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A squamous cell bladder carcinoma with karyotypic abnormalities reminiscent of transitional cell carcinoma.

A squamous cell carcinoma was investigated cytogenetically by means of chromosome banding. The karyotype was complex with many structural and numerical changes, including -9 and del(11p), aberrations that also have been noted in transitional cell carcinoma. Thus, cytogenetic studies may be an important complement to the histological classification of bladder tumors, and may even contribute to our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the 2 main types of bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Inflammatory response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after inhaling histamine.

To examine the influence of the histamine chloride challenge test on the bronchoalveolar lavage cell population, lavage fluid from 15 subjects was collected 24 h after the histamine test, and was compared with the lavage fluid from a reference group of 25 subjects. Inhaled histamine is commonly used to quantitate non-specific bronchial responsiveness. Increase in airway responsiveness after exposure to ozone or allergen is associated with airway inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage, has therefore become a valuable tool in the study of bronchoalveolar cells and mediators in subjects with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The total cell number and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 24 h after inhalation challenge test with histamine-chloride were studied. There was a significant increase in lymphocytes, mast cells and neutrophils after histamine test. The conclusion was that inhaled histamine-chloride can induce an inflammatory cell response in the lung. Thus the histamine-chloride test should not be performed before bronchoalveolar lavage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Is the short term limit value for sulphur dioxide exposure safe? Effects of controlled chamber exposure investigated with bronchoalveolar lavage.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) which has not previously been used in investigating the effect of sulphur dioxide (SO2) on the human lung was performed on 12 subjects before and after controlled chamber exposure with SO2 for 20 minutes. BAL fluid 24 hours after exposure with 10 mg SO2/m3 (4 ppm, 10 subjects) showed increased alveolar macrophage activity as judged by an increase in lysozyme positive macrophages. Twenty four hours after 20 mg/m3 (4 subjects) a further increase was seen, which was accompanied by an increase in total numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes. Seventy two hours after exposure (4 subjects) cell numbers had virtually returned to pre-exposure levels. These previously uninvestigated reactions indicate potentially noxious effects of SO2 in the lungs at exposure levels that are regarded as relatively safe.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hyaluronan and type III procollagen peptide concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

The connective tissue components hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) and type III procollagen peptide were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 22 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 21 healthy control subjects. The patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had higher concentrations of hyaluronan (median 46 micrograms/l) and type III procollagen peptide (median 0.45 micrograms/l) than the healthy controls (9 and less than 0.02 micrograms/l; p less than 0.001). The patients had normal serum concentrations of hyaluronan and of the procollagen peptide, and albumin concentrations in lavage fluid similar to those of the control subjects. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in lavage fluid were increased on average 10 and two fold respectively in the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and both correlated with the amount of hyaluronan recovered (p less than 0.05). An inverse correlation was seen between the transfer factor for carbon monoxide and hyaluronan concentrations in lavage fluid in the patients (p less than 0.05). Deterioration in lung function and radiographic progression were seen over six months in 12 of the patients. These patients had higher lavage fluid concentrations of hyaluronan and type III procollagen peptide than the patients whose disease was stable (p less than 0.01). Increased synthesis of hyaluronan and type III procollagen peptide in lung parenchyma may reflect activation or proliferation (or both) of pulmonary fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and seems to be linked to the severity and activity of the lung disease.

Adult↗