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Biomedical subjects

R Lundgren

Publications and source records attributed to R Lundgren.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy does not alter airway responsiveness.

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) can induce respiratory mucosal damage. Epithelial damage has been proposed to be of importance in the induction of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We have examined the influence of FFB on airway responsiveness. Histamine chloride challenge tests were performed in 21 healthy non-smoking volunteers before and after FFB. Since bronchoscopy was performed after pretreatment with atropine and under topical anesthesia with lignocaine, histamine chloride tests were also performed in 6 asthmatics before and after atropine, and in 6 asthmatics before and after local anesthesia with lignocaine. Airway responsiveness was not altered by FFB. Atropine and lignocaine did not have any major influence on airway responsiveness. We suggest that epithelial damage in the central airways induced by FFB is not sufficient to induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Increased hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after histamine inhalation.

Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) appears in low concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy individuals, while increased amounts have been reported in lavage fluid from patients with interstitial lung diseases and allergic asthma. We have earlier reported a strong correlation between the appearance of lavage fluid mast cells and hyaluronan in patients with sarcoidosis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. The central role of the mast cell in allergic asthma is well documented. In this study we have investigated if challenge with inhaled histamine, a major mast cell component, could influence the appearance of hyaluronan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A more than twofold increase of hyaluronan was seen 24 h after challenge with histamine. This increase correlated with a less pronounced increase of albumin in lavage fluid. Histamine challenge also induced an increase of mast cells, lymphocytes, and granulocytes in the lavage fluid. The observed histamine effect on the hyaluronan recovery during lavage might be explained by a histamine-mediated leakage of interstitial fluid, rich in hyaluronan, to the alveolar space. Mast cell degranulation of histamine may partly underlie the appearance of increased amounts of hyaluronan in lavage fluid from patients with interstitial lung diseases and allergic asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The eosinophil component of the alveolitis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Signs of eosinophil activation in the lung are related to impaired lung function.

The number of eosinophils and the concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a specific granule constituent of eosinophil granulocytes, were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients (n = 22) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The median recovery of eosinophils during lavage performance was 4% (range, zero to 49) of the nonepithelial cells and significantly increased compared with the recovery in healthy control subjects (less than 1%) and in control patients with sarcoidosis (1%; range, zero to 7). The median BAL fluid concentration of ECP was in IPF 13.3 micrograms/L (range, 2 to 118) and significantly increased compared with the concentrations in healthy control subjects (2.7 micrograms/L; range, less than 2 to 8) and in control patients (6.6 micrograms/L; range, less than 2 to 64). The BAL fluid concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also significantly increased in IPF, indicating a local neutrophil activation. A significant correlation was found between BAL fluid ECP and MPO, suggesting a common activator of eosinophils and neutrophils. BAL fluid eosinophils and ECP correlated with the reduced diffusion capacity of the lung but not with vital capacity or forced expiratory volume. It is concluded that eosinophil activation is part of the inflammatory process in IPF. ECP and other cytotoxic eosinophil products may play a pathophysiologic role for the lung damage in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cell response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after exposure to sulfur dioxide: a time-response study.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been performed in 22 healthy nonsmoking male volunteers after exposure to 8 ppm SO2 (20 mg/m3). The exposure level exceeds the US Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) of 5 ppm, but occurs as peak exposures in industrial indoor environments. Exposures were made during light work on a bicycle ergometer in an environmental exposure chamber for 20 min. BAL was performed 2 wk or more before exposure and 4, 8, 24, and 72 h after exposure in eight subjects at each time interval. Four hours after exposure significant increases were found in the numbers of lysozyme-positive macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells (p less than 0.02 to 0.05). Lymphocytes, lysozyme-positive macrophages, total count of alveolar macrophages, and total cell number increased to peak values 24 h after exposure (p less than 0.02 to 0.05). Seventy-two hours after exposure the cell numbers and distribution had returned to normal. The time course of the cell reactions found in BAL fluid after controlled SO2 exposure represents a new and previously not reported response to a noxious gas.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Multiple structural chromosome rearrangements, including del(7q) and del(10q), in an adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Cytogenetic analysis of a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate revealed the complex karyotype: 76-86,X, -Y, +X, +X, +del(X)(q24), +t(1;10) (p22;q24), -2, +der(2) t(1;2;?)(p32;q24p13;?), +der(2)t(1;2;?) (p32;dq24p13;?), +3, +3, +4, +5, +5, +6, +7, +del(7) (q22), -8, +der(8)t(8;?)(q24;?), + der(8)t(8;?)(q24;?), +9, +10, +10, +der(10)t (1;10)(q24;q22), +del (10)(q23), +11, +11, +12, +der(12)t(4;12)(q11;p11), +der(12)t(4;12) (q11;p11), +14, +der (15)t(1;15)(q21;p11), +t(16;?) (q21;?), +17, +18, +19, +19, +20, +20, +21, +22, +2-5 mar. The karyotype contains deletions of both 7q and 10q, abnormalities that also have been described previously in prostatic adenocarcinomas, and which hence may represent primary chromosomal rearrangements in this type of cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Chromosome analysis of a newly established renal carcinoma cell line.

A renal cell carcinoma has been established as a cell line in vitro. Repeated chromosome analyses of the cell line revealed a stable clone with the modal chromosome number 80 and three pairs of marker chromosomes, M1-M3. M1 and M2 resulted from a translocation between a chromosome #3 deleted in band p14 and a normal #7: M1 = der(3)t(3;7) (:3p14----cen----3q24::7q21----7qter), and M2 = der(7)t(3;7)(3qter----3q24::7q21----cen----7pter ). M3 was a small metacentric chromosome, probably consisting of the centromeric portion of a #3: del(3)(:p14----cen----q12:). No other structural changes were present. Our findings are in agreement with those of previous studies, stating that rearrangements of 3p12-14 are primary cytogenetic events in renal cell carcinomas, even though this can only be inferred in this case. Thus, this cell line may be useful for further molecular and biochemical studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Bronchoalveolar lavage is better than gastric lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 62/63 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and gastric lavage in 60 of the 63. Mycobacteria could be cultured from 14 of the patients. Cultures on bronchoalveolar lavage were positive in 13 of them, while gastric lavage was positive in only 7. Our conclusion is that bronchoalveolar lavage should be performed instead of gastric lavage when pulmonary tuberculosis is suspected.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Palliation of multiple bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma with strontium-89.

The efficacy of strontium-89 in relieving pain caused by disseminated bone metastases was studied in 11 patients with prostatic carcinoma. The therapy consisted either of 3 i.v. injections of 100 MBq strontium-89 chloride in intervals of 4 weeks in 8 patients or 200 MBq i.v. administered on one occasion in 3 patients. The study suggests that 1-3 i.v. injections of 100 MBq strontium-89 may be a worthwhile and fairly atoxic treatment for palliation of bone pain from metastatic prostatic carcinoma.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Pelvic lymphadenectomy as staging before definitive treatment of prostatic carcinoma.

Between 1980 and 1987, 54 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma in stages T0 to T3, M0, underwent staging by pelvic lymphadenectomy, 16 with associated radical prostatectomy. Lymph node metastases were present in 28 cases (52%). In this study, the presence of pelvic lymph node metastases was better correlated to clinical stage than to histological grade.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Morphological studies of bronchial mucosal biopsies from asthmatics before and after ten years of treatment with inhaled steroids.

To examine the influence of inhaled steroids on the bronchial mucosa, biopsies from six patients with severe bronchial asthma were studied before and after ten years of daily treatment with inhaled steroids. Biopsies from six healthy subjects were also examined. In the biopsies taken from the asthmatic patients before treatment there was a significant increase in inflammatory cell numbers compared with the biopsies from the control subjects. In all patients scanning electron microscopy showed a reduced coverage by cilia. Squamous cell metaplasia was seen in two patients. After ten years of treatment the number of inflammatory cells was significantly reduced compared to that before treatment and was not different from the control biopsies. Most of the epithelial cells showed a ciliated surface. Small focal areas with non-ciliated cells could still be seen in four patients. In the two patients with squamous cell metaplasia before treatment, small areas of metaplasia could still be seen. Despite the absence of inflammation and reduced epithelial damage during treatment all patients still had bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Bronchoalveolar mastocytosis in farmer's lung is related to the disease activity.

Patients (n = 10) at the acute phase of farmer's lung were investigated with chest roentgenography, lung function tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis (n = 9). They had diffuse interstitial lung infiltrates and a reduction of the diffusion capacity. The dominating recovered cell types during BAL were lymphocytes; and in two patients, granulocytes. A prominent increase in mast cell numbers was seen in all patients. After avoidance of contact with moldy plant material for four to ten weeks (n = 7), lung function started to improve; and the BAL cell counts, to decrease. At clinical remission six to 14 months later (n = 7), the chest roentgenogram was normal and the diffusion capacity was slightly subnormal. The BAL numbers of mast cells and lymphocytes had further decreased but still remained increased compared with those in the healthy controls. Parallel to the normalization of the lung function and the recovery of BAL fluid cells, the increased BAL fluid concentrations of hyaluronic acid and procollagen III peptide started to decrease. These potential markers of fibroblast activation were significantly related to the mast cell number, but not to the lymphocyte number. The study has demonstrated that pulmonary mastocytosis is a prominent finding in farmer's lung and is related to the disease activity. The observed relationship between pulmonary mastocytosis and biochemical signs of lung fibroblast activation is further evidence to support the hypothesis of a mast cell interaction with lung connective tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Hyaluronate and type III procollagen peptide concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as markers of disease activity in farmer's lung.

Ten patients were studied during an acute episode of farmer's lung. Prominent findings were an impaired diffusion capacity (on average only 51% of predicted) and substantially increased amounts of hyaluronate and type III procollagen peptide recovered during bronchoalveolar lavage; mean concentrations of these constituents in lavage fluid were 547 (range 137-1125) and 9.7 (2.8-19.4) micrograms/l, respectively. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy controls (n = 21) hyaluronate concentrations were less than 15 micrograms/l and procollagen peptide concentrations less than 0.2 micrograms/l. Lavage fluid concentrations of these potential markers of fibroblast activation declined during the recovery phase of farmer's lung; four to 10 weeks after admission (n = 7) mean concentrations of hyaluronate and procollagen peptide were 154 (range 38-650) and 4.4 (0.6-15.8) micrograms/l, respectively. At clinical remission six to 14 months after admission concentrations of these markers had returned almost to normal, though slightly increased concentrations were still evident in about half the patients (n = 7). At that time lung volumes were normal but diffusion capacity remained slightly subnormal. It was concluded that in farmer's lung release of hyaluronate and type III procollagen peptide reflects activity of the disease. Increased synthesis of these connective tissue components continuing in a patient avoiding mouldy plant material may signal an increased risk of developing fibrotic lung disease. The abnormal accumulation of hyaluronate in the smaller airways in acute farmer's lung may be expected to immobilize water and thereby provide a possible mechanism of the interstitial inflammatory lung oedema with associated impaired gas diffusion. This hypothesis is supported by the relation found between hyaluronate in lavage fluid and reduced diffusion capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Tuberculosis infection transmitted at autopsy.

Tuberculosis can be a risk to staff and students in the autopsy room. We report three medical students and one technician who were infected with tuberculosis during two autopsies. In both cases pulmonary tuberculosis had not been diagnosed before death.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Flutamide as primary treatment for metastatic prostatic cancer.

Ten men with newly diagnosed generalised cancer of the prostate were treated with Flutamide (SCH 13521). After 18 months of treatment, one patient had stable disease and was symptom-free. Seven patients left the study because of progression of cancer and two because of the side effects of Flutamide. None of the patients with progression showed an objective response to second-line oestrogen therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Cardiovascular complications of estrogen therapy for nondisseminated prostatic carcinoma. A preliminary report from a randomized multicenter study.

In a prospective multicenter study, 244 men with highly or moderately differentiated prostatic cancer in stage I, II or III (VACURG) were consecutively randomized to three groups of treatment: Group A (77 patients) received polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin, Leo) 80 mg i.m. every fourth week + ethinyl estradiol (Etivex, Leo) 150 micrograms daily, group B (72 patients) estramustine phosphate (Estracyt, Leo) 280 mg twice daily, and group C (76 patients) no therapy. Only men without current or previous other malignancy and without cardiovascular disease were admitted to the study. After 4 1/2 years 125 of the 244 patients had left the study, 9 because of cancer progression (stage IV, VACURG). The most serious complications were cardiovascular, including ischemic heart disease, cardiac decompensation, cerebral ischemia and venous thromboembolism, which occurred in 24 patients from group A and 9 from group B as compared to only one patient in group C. The subgroup superficial or deep venous thrombosis comprised 11 group A and 2 group B patients. Estrogens (E + e) offered as palliative treatment to patients with non-generalized prostatic carcinoma is burdened with a high incidence of serious cardiovascular complications.

Aged↗