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Biomedical subjects

R Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to R Patterson.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Management of the pregnant asthmatic patient.

Asthma is not an uncommon medical problem during pregnancy. Various physiologic alterations of pregnancy may theoretically affect asthma. Fetal oxygenation is affected more by maternal alkalosis than by hypoxemia, both of which can occur during uncontrolled asthma. Clinical studies suggest a variable effect of pregnancy on asthma and increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality associated with severe asthma. Most antiasthmatic drugs are safe to use during pregnancy. Medications used during delivery by the obstetrician may affect asthma, and some antiasthmatic medications may alter labor. We review here a rational approach to the management of steroid preparation for delivery in steroid-dependent asthmatic patients. Asthmatic mothers may breast-feed with minimal risk of adverse drug effects on the infant.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1980

A linear correlation between histamine release and degranulation of human basophils by specific antigen or the ionophore A23187.

Simultaneous kinetic measurements have been made of basophil degranulation and of histamine release. Both antigen and ionophore A23187 were studied. Cells from the same donor under the same conditions undergo both reactions at a similar rate. Regression analysis indicated a statistically highly significant correlation between these two parameters for activation by either antigen or ionophore. In addition, the mean slope of the regression lines approached unity indicating a close direct correspondence between the number of cells degranulated and the quantity of histamine released. At any time during histamine release almost all of the cells identifiable as basophils were confluently stained and only rarely were partly degranulated cells observed. These results suggest that: (1) histamine release is not synchronous for populations of basophils; (2) individual cells are fully activated to begin histamine release at different times during the release period and then release all or almost all of their histamine in a short time relative to the total release period; (3) some cells release essentially none of their histamine and the number of these cells varies among donors and experimental conditions accounting in large measure for the incompleteness of histamine release.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Detection of antibodies in human serum using trimellityl-erythrocytes: direct and indirect haemagglutination and haemolysis.

Utilizing trimellityl-erythrocytes (TM-E), antibodies were detected in sera of seven workers with trimellitic anhydride (TMA) induced airway syndromes by direct haemagglutination, indirect haemagglutination with anti-human IgG, IgA or IgM or by haemolysis. Detectable levels of antibody were obtained with all three methods. The most sensitive technique was indirect haemagglutination using anti-IgG. When added as an inhibitor, TM-human serum albumin produced a 10- to 800-fold reduction in titres. TM-ovalbumin of similar epitope density was less inhibitory and sodium trimellitate the least inhibitory on a molar basis. All of the assays using haptenized human red cells were also capable of detecting anti-TM antibodies in Rhesus monkeys whose airways had been exposed to TMA. These assays are useful for detecting anti-TM antibodies and may also be adapted to demonstrate antibodies induced against other inhaled haptens in sera of environmentally exposed individuals or in animal models of such exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

IgA antibody against Aspergillus fumigatus antigen in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

IgA antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) antigen were measured by a radioimmunoassay in sera from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and compared with IgA antibody levels in asthmatics who had positive prick tests to Af and normal controls. The assay for IgA antibody discriminated between both control groups and the ABPA group at two serum dilutions (10(-2) and 10(-3)) but did not discriminate all individual ABPA sera from the peak levels of antibody in the control groups. IgA antibody against Af may participate in the immunopathogenetics of pulmonary inflammation in some cases of ABPA and may be of some diagnostic value in some, but not all, cases.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1980

Antibodies in hemodialysis patients against hapten-protein and hapten-erythrocytes.

Serum samples obtained from hemodialysis patients with immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions and hemodialysis patients with no reactions were analyzed for antibody activity against hapten-protein complexes prepared from PA and MDI. These chemicals, used in preparation of plastics, have been shown to be associated with immunologically mediated disease in other studies. IgE and IgG antibodies against P-HSA and MDI-HSA were detected in several sera, but symptomatic patients could not be differentiated from asymptomatic patients by antibody levels. Antibodies capable of agglutinating or hemolyzing P-E were also detected in some sera from hemodialysis patients. These studies demonstrate that although no clinical disease has yet been correlated with these antibodies, sufficient exposure of hemodialysis patients to protein-reactive chemicals occurs to elicit an immunologic response against hapten-protein or hapten-cells. Such antibodies may have immunopathogenetic significance in subjects systemically exposed to fluids which have been in contact with plastics.

Albumins↗
PubMed1980

In vitro IgE formation by peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from five normal donors and five individuals with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) were used for measurement of in vitro IgE formation in tissue culture preparations. IgE was measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay using concentrated tissue culture medium (TCM) and expressed as ng IgE/ml of TCM. The results demonstrated that IgE was formed by unstimulated lymphocytes from one of five normal donors (range 1.5-2.4 ng/ml) and in two of five ABPA donors (range 2-4 ng/ml). However, when different dilutions of pokeweed mitogen were added to the tissue culture, three of five normal donors and three of five ABPA donors in remission showed enhanced IgE formation. At the time of an ABPA exacerbation in one individual, there was a definite increse in IgE synthesis up to 40 ng/ml which was suppressed by pokeweed mitogen to 17.3 ng/ml. Clear differences between normals and ABPA patients in remission are not apparent.

Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary↗
PubMed1979

Pulmonary haemorrhage and haemolytic anaemia due to trimellitic anhydride.

Two young men who had been exposed at work to epoxy resin powder containing trimellitic anhydride (TMA) presented with haemolytic anaemia and repeated haemoptyses. They did not return to work at the factory and the symptoms and the anaemia resolved spontaneously. Seven similar cases have lately been presented at meetings, so it seems that TMA, already known to cause respiratory syndromes such as asthma, can also lead to several extrapulmonary toxic effects, including haemoptyses and haemolytic anaemia. Studies on these patients' sera with TMA haptenised protein and cells pointed to an immunological mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cytotoxicity of ionophore A23187 for basophils and other human blood cells.

The calcium ionophore A23187(A23) at concentrations exceeding 1 microgram/ml has been shown to be progressively cytotoxic for human blood basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes. Toxicity to basophils was considered to be manifested by the increasing inability of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) to inhibit histamine release (HR) at increasing concentrations of A23. The toxicity to neutrophils and lymphocytes was demonstrated by decreased lactate production (LP) after incubation with A23 of Ficoll-Hypaque fractions greatly enriched in each respective cell type. Red cells present in dextran-sedimented leukocytes were increasingly susceptible to lysis during washing subsequent to exposure to increasing concentrations of A23. A concentration of 4 microgram A23/ml, which is cytotoxic at 37 degrees C, produced optimal and noncytotoxic HR at 22 degrees C. It was possible to reduce A23 concentrations required for optimal HR by increasing Ca++ from 0.6 to 3 mM.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

The effect of histamine-1 and histamine-2 antagonists on airway responses to histamine in the rhesus monkey.

This study used rhesus monkeys with consistent respiratory responses to aerosolized histamine. Two systems of histamine challenge were evolved to study the effects of histamine antagonists on the histamine-induced respiratory response. One system consisted of administering increasing subreactive concentrations of histamine until an airway response (H) occurred. This threshold histamine dose was repeated (H'). The pulmonary function changes occurring with the H' challenge were less intense than those with H. M, a histamine-2 receptor antagonist, when given before the H' dose was associated with a potentiated H' response compared with the threshold H response. This provides evidence for histamine-2 receptor sites in rhesus monkey airways. A second system used duplicate histamine challenges with a known reactive dose of histamine. In this system, the pulmonary function changes occurring with the repeated challenge (H') were greater than with the first reactive challenge dose (H). This H' response was inhibited partially with diphenhydramine, a histamine-1 receptor antagonist. These two systems of histamine challenge provide an experimental model for evaluating pharmacologic alteration of histamine-induced respiratory responses. There is evidence for the existence of histamine-1 and histamine-2 receptor sites in the airways of the rhesus monkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The immune response of patients with ragweed hay fever treated with polymerized ragweed antigens.

This report describes the immune response of patients with ragweed hay fever treated with polymerized ragweed antigens (PRW). Their IgG antibody responses to crude ragweed extract, antigen E, antigen K, and antigen Ra3 were determined by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The results indicate that PRW contains an array of clinically important antigens that are available for immunologic processing and result in an immune response in patients treated with this new form of immunotherapy for ragweed hay fever.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Reduced allergenicity of high molecular weight ragweed polymers.

Polymerized ragweed antigens of different molecular weight ranges were studied to determine if the degree of allergenicity was dependent on molecular size of the polymers. In this study, allergenicity is defined as the ability to elict IgE-mediated skin reactivity. Ragweed antigen treated with glutaraldehyde was fractionated into one preparation with a molecular weight range of 200,000 to 20,000,000 and another with molecular weights less than 200,000. Except for the difference in molecular sizes of the two molecular sizes of the two preparations, all ragweed polymers had been treated in an identical fashion. The low molecular weight fraction had cutaneous endpoint reactivity greater than 10(5) to 10(8) times that of the high molecular weight materials. In these and other studies, immunogenicity defined as the ability to induce an IgG antibody response was retained by the high molecular weight material. The results are consitent with the hypothesis that allergenicity decreases as the molecular weight of the polymerized allergen increases.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in pediatric practice.

Twelve cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in the pediatric age group are reported. The average age of diagnosis was 14.5 years with a range from 6 to 18 years. All patients had a history of pulmonary infiltrations or atelectasis or both documented by chest radiographs. Eight patients had bronchograms or tomograms, and seven of them showed proximal bronchiectasis. Total serum IgE concentrations were elevated in all patients. Preciptitating antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus were positive in all patients at the time of diagnosis, and became negative in some after therapy. The specific IgE or IgG antibody activity agaist Af was elevated in all 12 patients. After prednisone was started the total serum IgE sharply declined to a plateau and remained at this level until a flare of allergic aspergillosis occurred. A flare of allergic aspergillosis is characterized by an increasing total serum IgE concentration followed by pulmonary infiltration. Clinical and roentgenologic improvements were observed after steroid therapy. The importance and methods of early diagnosis in the pediatric population are discussed.

Adolescent↗