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Biomedical subjects

R Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to R Patterson.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Polymerized insoluble bee venom.

Using a polymerization process previously used for ragweed allergens, honeybee venom was polymerized. Instead of soluble polymers, an insoluble precipitate, polymerized insoluble bee venom (PIBV), is the result. A major allergen of honeybee venom, 125I phospholipase A (PL-A) incorporated into PIBV, was shown to have decreased dissemination from subcutaneous injection sites. After thorough mixing, samples of PIBV can be withdrawn from a vial with a syringe with no more than 10% error. Approximately 90% of PL-A was incorporated with PIBV. The soluble PL-A was removed during subsequent washing of the PIBV and this soluble PL-A was shown to be polymerized mainly to high-molecular weight PL-AS. PIBV (20 mg) injected in each of six rabbits resulted in formation of precipitating antibody in all rabbits. The rabbit antisera bound 125I PL-A and reacted with PL-A in whole been venom. These physical and immunologic characteristics of PIBV suggest further study of its potential for human use.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Late sequelae of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Seven patients with late sequelae of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) are described. All seven had significant chronic symptoms from asthma. At the time of diagnosis of ABPA all patients had marked irreversible pulmonary function abnormalities; symptoms of chronic bronchitis were present in all. Pulmonary fibrosis was present in six of seven patients. Three patients have died from irreversible lung disease with terminal cardiac failure. Despite the difficulty in establishing an early diagnosis of ABPA, its importance must be emphasized in order to attempt to prevent progression of the disease to severe irreversible and potentially fatal end-stage lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Long-term corticosteroid effect on lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear cell function in asthmatics.

The effect of long-term alternate-day steroid administration on lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) functions was studied in 10 steroid-dependent adult asthmatic patients. The duration of alternate-day prednisone usage ranged from 3 to 12 yr with an average of 6.7 +/- 3.6 yr. Maintenance steroid dosage at the time of study ranged from 20 to 50 mg on alternate days, averaging 31 +/- 8 mg. Prednisone caused marked lymphopenia, suppression of phytohemagglutin (PHA) lymphocyte transformation and PMN adherence 4 hr after ingestion. By 24 hr these measurements returned to normal or higher. These effects appeared at all doses between 20 and 50 mg of prednisone. In contrast, there was no statistically significant suppression of the total leukocyte count, total and active erythrocyte (E) rosette-forming lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin concentrations, polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) phagocytosis, or delayed skin reactivity. We conclude that the acute effects of prednisone on lymphocyte and PMN function are transient and return to normal levels by 24 hr. The continued administration of beclomethasone dipropionate by inhalation did not interfere with the recovery of the transient leukocyte abnormalities induced by oral prednisone.

Asthma↗
PubMed1980

Effect of prostaglandin D2 and I2 on the airways of rhesus monkeys.

Prostaglandin (PG) D2 and PGI2 were evaluated to determine their effect on pulmonary function parameters when aerosolized in anesthetized rhesus monkeys. PGD2 resulted in an increase in frequency (f) and pulmonary resistance (rl) and a decrease in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), tidal volume (VT), and dynamic compliance (Cdyn), with the major effect on RL. PGI2 primarily effected an increase in f and a decrease in PEFR and VT. PGI2 had a variable effect, generally a decrease, on RL. The metabolite of PGI2, 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha, had no effect on the rhesus airway. PGF 2 alpha responses were similar to PGD2 except that the PGF 2 alpha produced a less strikingly consistent increase in RL. When PGI2 and PGD2 were aerosolized simultaneously, they simulated previously described antigen responses. Further, PGI2 plus PGD2 produced an airway response at 1/10 the concentration of either agent alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Heterogeneity of bronchial lumen mast cells which are homogeneous by electron microscopy.

Bronchial lumen mast cells were obtained by bronchial lavage from rhesus monkeys and fractionated on a discontinuous metrizamide gradient. Those cells identified as pleomorphic by standard microscopy sedimented in the higher concentrations of metrizamide, while the round cells were dispersed through all gradient fractions. Electron microscopic studies of the pleomorphic and round cells demonstrated that these were morphologically identifiable as mast cells. Although all the cells appear to be mast cells, they are heterogenous in that mast cells in the higher concentrations of metrizamide had higher concentrations of histamine. By contrast, the mast cells in the lower concentrations of metrizamide had greater biologic activity as indicated by greater release of histamine following an immunologic stimulus. The heterogeneity of bronchial lumen mast cells shown by light microscopy, histamine content, and histamine releasibility may be due to the presence of subpopulations of mast cells or changes in a single cell line reflecting differential maturation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immunoglobulin E-mediated asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis with precipitating anti-hapten antibodies due to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) exposure.

Two workers are presented who were exposed to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) while coating pipes with a polyurethane foam. After a latent period of exposure, worker A developed immediate-onset asthma and worker B developed a clinical picture of hypersensitivity pneumonitis for which he was hospitalized. The antibody response of these workers to a conjugate of MDI with human serum albumin (MDI-HSA) was measured by gel precipitation, total antibody binding of 125I MDI-HSA, and specific IgG and IgE antibody by polystyrene-tube radioimmunoassay (PTRAI). Worker B had precipitating antibody to MDI-HSA by double immunodiffusion in gel. Both workers had high levels of IgG antibody specific for MDI-HSA which had some cross-reactivity with a conjugate or toluene diisocyanate and HSA. Total serum antibody binding of 125I MDI-HSA was 15 microgram/ml in worker A and 900 microgram/ml in worker B. Both workers had serum IgE antibody specific for MDI-HSA as measured by two PTRIA techniques. These results indicate that a marked immunologic response to MDI is possible in exposed workers and that hypersensitivity pneumonitis can occur subsequent to the inhalation of a low-molecular-weight chemical in the industrail setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Kinetics of theophylline transfer to breast milk.

Investigation of three nursIng women given theophylline intravenously defined the kinetics of theophylline transfer into breast milk. In each subject, R was constant, with no significant delay between the attainment of peak plasma and peak milk concentrations. The amount of theophylline eliminated into milk was equal to the product of R, milk volume, and the simultaneous maternal plasma concentration. The data indicate that theophylline cumulation to toxic concentrations should not occur in most breast-fed infants of asthmatic women treated with appropriate doses of theophylline.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to nylon: modulation by prostacyclin (PGI2), corticosteroids, and complement activation.

Effects of in vitro addition of prostacyclin (PGI2), hydrocortisone, and zymosan to plasma on adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) to nylon were investigated. PGI2, in nanogram concentrations, and hydrocortisone, in high concentrations, inhibited base-line adherence of PMNLs; zymosan-treated plasma augmented retention of PMNLs by nylon columns. Incubation of plasma with antiserum to C5, hydrocortisone, or PGI2 blocked zymosan-mediated effects. Prostaglandins (PGD2, PGE1, and PGF2 alpha) when added in votro did not alter base-line adherence. PMNLs obtained 4 hr after administration of oral prednisone to volunteers were partially resistant to effects of zymosan-activated plasma.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1980

Extended evaluation of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

The clinical status and laboratory findings of 19 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) evaluated over a period ranging from 3 months to 10 years are reviewed (average 2.6 years). Criteria establishing the diagnosis of ABPA as well as an estimate of duration of ABPA prior to diagnosis in selected cases is presented. 10 of the 19 patients currently require chronic corticosteroids for control of asthma as compared to 4 patients at the time of initial diagnosis. 16 exacerbations of ABPA have occurred in 8 patients. There is no correlation between the severity of asthma and either the number of exacerbations or persistent radiographic stigmata of ABPA. Pulmonary function tests range from normal to obstructive and restrictive changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The syndrome of hypergammaglobulinemia M, eosinophilia, edema, and fatigue. Immunologic studies and long-term evaluation of two patients.

2 patients with an elevated serum IgM, eosinophilia, nonpitting edema, and fatigue previously reported, were reevaluated. Their clinical course remains relatively benign without evidence of organ damage after 19 patient years of evaluation. Corticosteroid therapy suppresses clinical manifestation, although IgM levels remain elevated. The numbers of T and B cells are normal. T cell function as studied by phytohemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes was normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pulsed doppler echocardiographic measurement of beat-to-beat changes in stroke volume in dogs.

Measurement of stroke volume by pulsed Doppler echocardiography has not been validated against a reference method in vivo. We compared Doppler systolic frequency shift integrals with electromagnetic flowmeter stroke volume in seven open-chest dogs. A pulsed Doppler echocardiographic transducer was held on the aortic arch with the sample volume in the ascending aorta. Stroke volume was varied by epinephrine or pentobarbital infusions, fluid administration or inferior vena caval construction. Linear regression analysis of stroke volume vs Doppler systolic frequency shift integrals revealed strong correlations and intercepts close to zero (tau = 0.74-0.096, rho less than 0.001). Minor changes in transducer position did not influence Doppler frequency shift integrals substantially. Therefore, pulsed Doppler echocardiography served as an excellent measurement of stroke volume changes in model. However, serious limitations are presented that may limit its clinical application.

Animals↗