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Biomedical subjects

R Pyle

Publications and source records attributed to R Pyle.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on the immune system of aged female monkeys.

The aging process is associated with a significant reduction in circulating GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels. During this period, immune function also declines. Rodent data suggest that treatment with recombinant human GH (rhGH) or rhIGF-I enhances immune function in normal adult mice. To determine whether rhGH and/or rhIGF-I treatment could improve immune function in aged female rhesus monkeys, we administered rhIGF-I (120 micrograms/kg x day), rhGH (100 micrograms/kg x day), a combination of therapies, or excipient alone by sc infusion using Alzet pumps over a 7-week period. At 28 days, the pumps were replaced, and the animals were bled and immunized with tetanus toxoid. At the end of the 7-week period, the animals were killed. rhGH and rhIGF-I increased serum GH and IGF-I levels, respectively; rhGH and rhIGF-I in combination induced the highest serum IGF-I levels (906 +/- 261 ng/ml vs. control, 185 +/- 36 ng/ml at death). rhGH and rhIGF-I also increased IGFBP-3 levels. rhGH infusion resulted in the most marked changes in lymph node and splenic reactivity, as determined by histological assessment. Lymph nodes from the rhGH-treated animals showed changes from baseline indicating a stimulated reactive state. Both rhGH and rhIGF-I had effects on lymphocyte phenotype, but there were different responses in blood compared to spleen and lymph nodes. In the peripheral blood, the percent B cells and percent CD8 cell count rose after rhIGF-I therapy, with a fall in the CD4/CD8 ratio. In the spleen, on the other hand, the CD4/CD8 ratio nearly doubled (0.33 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.53 +/ 0.12) after rhIGF- I therapy. In the spleen, the combination of rhGH and rhIGF- I increased the percent T cells from 26.7 +/- 2.3 to 42.4 +/- 4.4 and the CD4/CD8 ration to 0.71 +/- 0.11. Both rhGH and rhIGF-I increased in vivo (antibody titer to tetanus toxoid) responses by lymphocytes, and rhGH increased Con-A- induced DNA synthesis in vitro. These results confirm the rodent data showing that rhGH and rhIGF-I cause beneficial changes in immune function and suggest that further investigation is warranted to assess their therapeutic potential.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Deficiency of p53 accelerates mammary tumorigenesis in Wnt-1 transgenic mice and promotes chromosomal instability.

By crossing mice that carry a null allele of p53 with transgenic mice that develop mammary adenocarcinomas under the influence of a Wnt-1 transgene, we have studied the consequences of p53 deficiency in mammary gland neoplasia. In Wnt-1 transgenic mice homozygous for the p53 null allele, tumors appear at an earlier age than in animals heterozygous or wild-type at the p53 locus. About half of the tumors arising in p53 heterozygotes exhibit loss of the normal p53 allele, implying selection for p53-deficient cells. Mammary tumors lacking p53 display less fibrotic histopathology and increased genomic instability with aneuploidy, amplifications, and deletions, as detected by karyotype analysis and comparative genomic hybridization. In one tumor, the amplified region of chromosome 7 had an ectopically expressed int-2/FGF3 proto-oncogene, a gene known to cooperate with Wnt-1 in the production of mammary tumors. These findings favor a model in which p53 deficiency relaxes normal restraints on chromosomal number and organization during tumorigenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

The influence of prior alcohol and drug abuse problems on bulimia nervosa treatment outcome.

This study examined the impact of prior alcohol/drug abuse problems on long-term outcome for a series of women with bulimia nervosa. The patients with a history of alcohol/drug abuse problems were not more likely to demonstrate a pattern drug use following bulimia treatment, and overall their outcome was comparable to the outcome of those patients who had not had alcohol/drug abuse problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Bulimia with and without a family history of drug abuse.

Patients evaluated in an eating disorders clinic and found to meet DSM-III criteria for bulimia were classified as to the presence or absence of a family history of drug abuse in at least one first-degree relative. Patients with a positive family history of drug abuse (N = 102, 37.1%) did not differ significantly from patients without this history (N = 173, 62.9%) on the variables of age at evaluation and age of onset of eating disorder, or as to their pattern or severity of bulimic behaviors, including binge-eating, self-induced vomiting, and laxative abuse. However, the patients with a family history of drug abuse were more likely to have experienced drug abuse problems themselves, to have been treated for chemical dependency prior to being evaluated for their eating disorder and to have a history of having been overweight. Those in the positive family history group also reported more family disruption.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Characteristics of patients with bulimia only, bulimia with affective disorder, and bulimia with substance abuse problems.

Characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of bulimia only (N = 46), bulimia with a history of affective disorder (N = 34), and bulimia with a history of substance abuse (N = 34) were compared. Results showed that compared to patients with bulimia only or with bulimia and affective disorders, patients with bulimia and substance abuse experienced a higher rate of diuretic use to control weight, financial and work problems, stealing before and after the onset of the eating disorder, previous psychiatric inpatient treatment, and greater amount of alcohol use after the onset of the eating disorder. Both the substance abuse group and affective disorder group showed a higher incidence of attempted suicide, more social problems, and greater overall treatment rate than the bulimia only group. There were no significant differences among groups in their family histories.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1984

Affective disorder and substance abuse in women with bulimia.

One hundred and eight women with bulimia were evaluated for affective disorder and alcohol or drug abuse, by means of the DSM-III diagnostic criteria. In this sample, 43.5% had a history of affective disorder and 18.5% had a history of alcohol or drug abuse. Approximately 56% of the bulimia patients scored within the moderate to severe range of depression on the Beck Depression Inventory.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1983

Assessment of stenoses in coronary angioplasty. Inter- and intraobserver variability.

Three observers twice assessed coronary artery lesions of 10 patients in three oblique views using the films obtained before, immediately after, and six months after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. In order to improve accuracy of the interpretation, the stenoses were traced from the cine projector and the diameters measured with a calibrated magnifying glass. Interobserver and intraobserver variability of the commonly used method assessing only the projection showing the most severe stenosis was compared to that of a method assessing the mean of three projections. The interobserver coefficients of variation were 7.0% for using the one projection showing the most severe stenosis and 6.4% for using the mean of three projections (not significant). The intraobserver coefficient of variation was significantly reduced from 16.0 to 10.5% (P less than 0.0001) by using the mean of three projections. The assessment of three projections instead of one justifies the additional time needed by significantly increasing assessment reliability which is of great importance in evaluating and comparing anatomical results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1982

Similarities and differences on the MMPI between women with bulimia and women with alcohol or drug abuse problems.

This study compared the MMPI MacAndrew Scale, mean profile, mean scale scores, and codetypes of women with bulimia and women with alcohol or drug abuse problems. Women with alcohol or drug abuse problems scored significantly higher on the MacAndrew Scale and several mean MMPI scale scores than women with bulimia. However, mean MMPI profiles and distribution of MMPI codetypes were similar between these two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Borderline personality disorder: interrater reliability of the diagnostic interview for borderlines.

Three interviewers, working in pairs and using the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB), interviewed three samples of 10 adult psychiatric inpatients. The two members of each interviewer pair alternated in the role of interviewer. Each member of the interviewer pairs completed the interview schedule and scored the protocol according to the instructions provided by the authors of the DIB. Interrater reliability was determined for each interviewer pair using the Kappa statistic. Reliability values were at about the level reported recently by Spitzer, Forman, and Nee (1979) for DSM-III axis I diagnoses in general. Additional statistical analyses were performed to determine whether there were patient sex differences on DIB scores, whether the two male interviewers differed from the female interviewer in their ratings of male or female patients, and whether experience differences among the three interviewers were reflected in their rating of patients. Among the latter analyses, the only significant finding was that in the interviewer pair consisting of a very experienced male psychiatrist and a male first year psychology graduate student, the former rated male patients as less borderline than did the latter. No other difference was found among raters, or between sex of patient and interviewer sex or amount of clinical experience. It was concluded that the DIB is sufficiently reliable for use in clinical research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Clip stenosis--a hazard of incorrectly prepared saphenous vein bypass grafts to coronary arteries.

During the routine review of control follow-up cinéangiograms taken of patients after aorto-coronary bypass grafting, the authors noted a number of vein graft stenoses of varying severity. All stenoses were in the segment of vein away from the aortic or coronary anastomoses, but were clearly at the site of a steel clip used to occlude side branches during preparation of the vein graft. The incidence was too high to be related to chance, and in some cases the intrusion of the clip upon the lumen was obvious. Suggestions are made to eliminate the occurrence of this iatrogenic stenosis.

Cineangiography↗
PubMed1980

Control of massive hemoptysis by embolization of intercostal arteries.

The embolization of intercostal arteries for the control of massive hemoptysis is described in two patients with bronchopleural fistulas and in one patient with sarcoidosis. Hemoptysis was controlled by embolization in all three cases, but spinal cord infarction occurred in one patient as a result of the procedure. This complication can occur even in cases where no significant blood supply to the spinal cord can be seen on preliminary arteriography, which suggests that in some patients angiographically invisible small branches play an important role in the blood supply to the spinal cord. These branches may be particularly important in cases in which the spinal blood supply is already compromised by surgery, radiation therapy, or previous embolization procedures.

Adult↗