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Biomedical subjects

R Raininko

Publications and source records attributed to R Raininko.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Blood clot formation in angiographic catheters. In vitro tests with various contrast media.

Human blood was injected into angiographic catheters filled with contrast media or flushing media. The catheters were allowed to stand at 37 degrees C for 10, 20 or 30 min. Physiologic saline was then injected through the catheters, the catheter contents were shaken and filtered, and any clots were identified. Diatrizoate, ioxaglate, iohexol, iopamidol and iopromide were tested. Physiologic and heparinized saline were used as controls. At 10 min, clots were found in 65 per cent of the catheters filled with physiologic saline, in 25 per cent with non-ionic media, in 19 per cent with heparinized saline, and in 4 per cent with ionic contrast media. At 30 min, all catheters with physiologic saline, 85 per cent with non-ionic contrast media, 46 per cent with heparinized saline and 23 per cent with ionic contrast media contained a clot. Although all the contrast media were anticoagulants, a more careful angiographic technique is needed for non-ionic media. All the non-ionic agents showed equal results. Physiologic saline without heparin is not suitable for flushing during angiography.

Angiography↗
PubMed1990

Prevention and dispersion of contrast media induced red cell aggregates. An in vitro study.

Red cell aggregation was observed microscopically when human blood and contrast media were mixed on glass slides. Aggregation was more frequent in low-osmolal media: mainly rouleaux were formed in ioxaglate but irregular aggregates in non-ionic media. Aggregation was similar at concentrations of 150 and 300 mg I/ml. Pre-treatment of glass slides with heparinized saline reduced red cell aggregation but saline alone was almost as effective. Most of the irregular aggregates dispersed when saline or heparinized saline was applied to them. Saline and heparinized saline had an identical dispersing effect. After incubation of the aggregates in iopamidol in plastic tubes for one or five minutes, saline was injected into the tubes, and after mixing the solution was poured onto glass slides and examined under the microscope. Only a few small irregular aggregates were detected in 6/60 specimens. It is concluded that ionicity of a flushing medium and shear of the injection are able to disperse red cell aggregates during angiography.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of cervical disc degeneration with ultralow field MRI and discography. An experimental study on cadavers.

The purpose of this study was to test the value of low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and discography in visualizing disc degeneration of the cervical spine. Plain roentgenograms, MR images, discograms, and macroanatomic appearance of the cervical spines of ten cadavers were compared. At levels C4-5-C7-T1, general disc degeneration seen in discography correlated well with macroanatomy (weighted kappa (Kw) = 0.77). The nuclear shape in MRI showed a weak correlation with macroanatomy (Kw = 0.31) and general disc degeneration in discography (Kw = 0.32), whereas nuclear intensity in MRI underestimated such changes. Magnetic resonance imaging showed posterior extension of the nucleus in most cases where moderate or severe leaking was seen in discography. The latter phenomenon represents an increase to our information on structural changes not available by any other noninvasive and nonirradiative method of examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

High dose brain CT with ioxaglate and diatrizoate adverse reactions and effects on urine protein tests.

Sodium meglumine ioxaglate (320 or 306 mg I/ml) and meglumine diatrizoate (306 mg I/ml) in an intravenous dose of 2 ml/kg were compared in a randomized double-blind test on the brain CT of 209 patients. Side effects were noted in 56% of the ioxaglate group and 90% of the diatrizoate group. Diatrizoate caused a sensation of heat significantly more often and more intensely, but the frequencies of other side effects did not differ significantly. No severe reactions occurred. The quality of the CT scans was equal. Neither ioxaglate nor diatrizoate impaired renal function. False-positive strip tests and falsely elevated protein values measured by the biuretic method were found in particular in the ioxaglate group. The results of urine protein measurements and strip tests are misleading on the day of the examination with both ioxaglate and diatrizoate.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Dorsal CSF space at CI-II level. Technique of cervical myelography.

The width of the dorsal CSF space at the CI-II lateral puncture site was measured, both in extension and in the neutral position of the head, in 60 patients undergoing cervical myelography. The sagittal diameter of the dorsal CSF space did not change in 22 patients, was larger in extension in 27 patients, and larger in the neutral position in 11 patients. In three patients with a large dorsal CSF space the change in diameter was more than 2 mm whereas in other patients the change was minimal. Lateral CI-II puncture may be performed safely both in extension and in the neutral position. Distribution of the contrast medium was more satisfactory if the head was extended.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1986

Syringomyelia in scoliotic patients.

Two patients with a congenital or juvenile scoliosis and syringomyelia are described. The first subjective neurological symptoms appeared when the patients were teenagers, but syringomyelia was not diagnosed until the ages of 22 and 34, after the rapid progression of the symptoms. For successful surgical treatment of scoliosis or syringomyelia, a thorough radiological examination is emphasized in scoliotic patients with minimal neurological symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

CT examination of spinal tumours.

Forty-five patients with a spinal, intraspinal or paraspinal tumour were evaluated by computed tomography. All examinations revealed pathological findings. In 30 cases the extent of the tumour was determined at surgery and in only two cases was there a discrepancy from the CT findings. Twenty-nine patients also underwent conventional myelography, three of which were negative. In the estimation of the extent of extradural tumours or bone involvement, CT was superior to other methods, but the size and localization of intradural tumours were estimated equally well by CT and conventional myelography. In patients with an intramedullary lesion CT was necessary to distinguish a solid neoplasm from a cystic lesion. In CT examinations of intraspinal tumours, intrathecal contrast medium increased the amount of information obtained especially in the thoracic and cervical regions, but was not necessary if myelograms were available. Intravenous contrast medium helped in the evaluation of some intraspinal neoplasms but did not improve the delineation of the paraspinal components.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1984

Diagnosis of cavernous haemangiomas by computed tomography and angiography.

Computed tomography and angiographical findings of cavernous haemangiomas of the brain are reported on the basis of six cases of the authors, and a review of the literature. Computed tomography showed well demarcated, round densities with tiny calcifications, and mild contrast enhancement (0-25 HU), with no mass effect and with open sulci round the lesion. The angiographical findings were normal except in one patient with an early draining vein and in another with a late draining vein; consequently an injection of at least 10 to 15 ml of contrast medium, and a prolonged angiographical series are recommended. According to the literature, capillary blush may also be seen in angiography. If both CT and angiography are used the diagnosis is definitive, and a neoplasm can be excluded. In five of our patients the diagnosis was verified surgically and histologically, while the sixth patient was not operated on because the frontoparietal lesion was near the motor region. In most cases, surgical removal is easy and successful.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immediate effect of meglumine diatrizoate on the vascular endothelium. An electron-microscopic study.

Immediate morphological alterations in the vascular endothelium were studied in the common iliac artery and muscle capillaries of the rat after perfusions ranging from 3 to 120 seconds. Isotonic meglumine diatrizoate and saline produced no perceptible changes. Hypertonic solutions produced cell shrinkage and deformation of the intercellular spaces of the iliac artery in all cases. Shrinkage of the endothelial cells was also accompanied by shrinkage of the neighbouring cells. Hypertonic solutions did not always produce alterations in the capillaries; the frequency of such alterations was greater with saline. It is suggested that meglumine diatrizoate causes circulatory disturbance which affects its distribution to the microvasculature.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The value of CT after total block on myelography. Experience with 25 patients.

Twenty-five patients having a total block on conventional myelography underwent spinal CT. The myelographic and CT findings were compared to surgical findings. The commonest cause of the block was a tumour in 14 cases. In four cases a herniated disc was found, and in three cases the block was caused by degenerative spinal stenosis. Localization of the lesion was more reliably estimated by CT than by conventional myelography. Both the size and localization may be inadequately demonstrated by myelography; in seven cases there was a discrepancy between the myelographic and surgical findings. The intradural lesions were precisely localized on conventional myelography, if the examination was performed through both the lumbar and cervical routes. With extradural lesions there was a significant discrepancy between the myelographic and surgical findings in some cases. Correlation between surgical and CT findings was good, and paraspinal extension of the lesion was also seen on CT. A CT examination is recommended to complement myelography, particularly for the localization of extradural processes. CT also gave additional qualitative information about the lesions, calcifications and cysts being demonstrated by CT only. Destructive, erosive, or degenerative bone changes were better seen with CT.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1982

Contrast enhancement around a prolapsed disk.

Five patients with herniated intervertebral disk had undergone a preoperative CT examination with intravenous contrast medium. In 2 cases, intense enhancement was seen around the prolapsed disk. In 1 case, there was an arachnoideal thickening over the herniation, but in the other case, nothing unusual was found around the prolapse at operation. The etiology of the phenomenon is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Value of high contrast medium dose in brain CT.

Fifty-five patients with brain lesions were examined by computed tomography (CT) after two doses of contrast medium: a bolus injection of 65% meglumine diatrizoate, 1 ml/kg, and a bolus injection of 65% meglumine diatrizoate, 1.5 ml/kg, in combination with an infusion of 250 ml meglumine iodamide containing 110 mg I/ml. The studies were usually performed 2 days apart and were analyzed by three radiologists. In 25 patients, one or more of the radiologists changed the diagnosis or the number or size of the lesions when the two scans were observed separately. In three patients, the primary tumor or metastases were seen in the study performed after the higher dose only, and, in two other patients having cerebral metastases, a greater number of metastases were detected in the high dose study. The lower dose containing 15 to 31 g iodine (306 mg iodine/kg) seems to be inadequate in CT of the brain.

Brain↗