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Biomedical subjects

R Raininko

Publications and source records attributed to R Raininko.

102 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Histamine release and endothelial leakage from an intravascular contrast medium.

The endothelial injury produced by meglumine iodamide was studied in the rat aorta. A mixture of blood and contrast medium was more toxic to the endothelium than the pure contrast agent. This difference disappeared after premedication with antihistamine, which did not affect the injury produced by the pure contrast agent. Meglumine iodamide appears to cause a release of histamine from blood but not from the aortic endothelium nor from surrounding tissues in amounts demonstrable by this method. Leucocytes are a source of histamine after intravascular contrast medium administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Morphologic endothelial response to meglumine diatrizoate: an electron-microscopic study.

Ultrastructural changes in vascular endothelium after an intra-aortic injection of 65% meglumine diatrizoate, 10 ml/kg, and equiosmolal hypertonic saline were observed using electron microscopy in the rat. Cell shrinkage and expansion of intercellular clefts were found in all specimens from a large artery at 5 and 20 minutes after injection. Some destroyed cells were seen at all times after contrast and hypertonic saline administration, but one-half of the specimens taken at 1 hour were otherwise nearly normal in appearance. In muscle capillaries, the changes were less severe than in the large artery. Despite the large dose, equiosmolal meglumine diatrizoate and saline solutions produced identical vascular lesions as detected with electron microscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Endothelial permeability increase produced by angiographic contrast media.

Permeability changes of the thoracic aortic wall of the rat were examined under light microscopy using the silver staining method. Methylglucamine salts of common angiographic contrast media and metrizamide were tested using a constant iodine concentration. Statistically significant differences between these media were found. The contrast agents were divided into three groups according to the extent of increasing endothelial damage: 1. Metrizamide and methylglucamine diatrizoate, 2. Methylglucamine metrizoate in the presence of calcium and methylglucamine iodamide, 3. Methylglucamine iothalamate. The osmolality of the contrast media was determined. The ionic contrast agents were equal in hypertonicity and metrizamide was nearly isotonic. The endothelial damage caused by the radiographic contrast media seems to depend both on chemical structure and on hypertonicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Role of hypertonicity in the endothelial injury caused by angiographic contrast media.

The effect of hyperosmolality on the permeability of vascular endothelium was investigated using light microscopy and silver staining of the thoracic aorta in the rat. The threshold osmolality causing significant endothelial injury was 1.41 to 1.59 tested with sodium chloride solutions. The osmolalities of ionic contrast media in clinical concentrations were at or over the osmotic threshold. Most angiographic contrast media injured the endothelium more than equiosmolal sodium chloride solutions. Hyperosmolality is only one factor contributing to the increased endothelial permeability.

Angiography↗
PubMed1976

Preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast tumours.

A simple method for the preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast tumours detected by mammography is described. A small amount of a mixture of contrast media and visible dye is injected into the breast precisely ventral to the lesion and the site of injection is marked on the skin. Forty patients have been operated upon and all the tumours were found without difficulty.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Jansky-Bielschowsky variant disease: CT, MRI, and SPECT findings.

Six patients with a variant type of Jansky-Bielschowsky (JBVD) disease were examined using 3 different imaging methods. Five of the patients underwent computed tomography, 4 magnetic resonance imaging, and 5 single photon emission computed tomography. All patients had brain atrophy that was most severe in the cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the parenchymal abnormalities well; all patients had hyperintense periventricular white matter, especially around the bodies and atria of the lateral ventricles, and a significant decrease in signal intensity in the thalami and/or putamina. Single photon emission computed tomography disclosed hypoperfusion of the cerebellum in all patients. Neuroimaging examinations are valuable in the diagnosis of JBVD. It may be difficult to divide patients with neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis disorders into clinical subtypes in the early stage of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging, especially when combined with a typical clinical pattern, makes the diagnosis of JBVD highly likely. Radiologic examinations of the brain may also prove important in following the progression, as well as in investigating the pathophysiology, of the disease.

Atrophy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular diseases, health status, brain imaging findings and neuropsychological functioning in neurologically healthy elderly individuals.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between health-related factors, brain imaging findings and cognitive functioning. We examined 113 neurologically healthy subjects from 55 to 85 years of age. Health-related variables included a clinical health evaluation, cardiovascular diseases, and other systemic diseases. The presence of white matter changes and cerebral and peripheral atrophy were obtained with magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychological tests measuring verbal memory, visual memory, intellectual and language functions, visuoconstructional functions, flexibility, and speed and attention were administered. Results showed that overall health status was not related to cognition. Subjects, who had both arterial hypertension and white matter changes had difficulties in flexibility. Cardiac failure and white matter changes were related to impairment in visuoconstructional functions, flexibility and attention. Significant speed and attention deficits were observed in subjects with cardiac failure and central atrophy. In conclusion, this study verifies the relationship between hypertension, white matter changes and cognitive functions. We found also specific patterns in relation with cardiac failure, brain imaging findings and cognitive functioning, the most vulnerable domains were visuoconstructional functions, flexibility and attention.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of soft-tissue and skeletal infections with ultra low-field (0.02 T) MR imaging.

To evaluate the use of ultra low-field (0.02 T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal infection, MR examinations with T2 weighted sequences were performed in 61 patients thought to be suffering from one of four major diagnostic categories: Soft-tissue abscesses (n = 22), osteomyelitis (n = 21), septic arthritis (n = 9) and spondylitis (n = 9). Infection was confirmed for 37 of these 61 patients. The verified abscesses, arthritis, spondylitis and acute osteomyelitis could be detected by 0.02 T MR. The sensitivity was poor in cases of chronic osteomyelitis. There was one false positive finding in a patient with a possible soft tissue infection. The 0.02 T MR examination failed four times. Two patients were too heavy and another 2 patients had magnetic material in or near the scanning field. Compared with computed tomography and isotope scanning, 0.02 T MR proved a little more informative, but without any statistical significance.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ionic and non-ionic contrast media on aggregation of red blood cells in vitro. A preliminary report.

Fresh human blood without additives, and contrast medium were mixed and examined immediately by light microscopy in a non-flowing state. Sodium meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine iodamide, sodium meglumine ioxaglate, iopromide, iopamidol, iohexol, and metrizamide were tested in concentrations of 300 mg I/ml. Physiologic saline and 5% glucose were used as controls. All media were tested in a randomized order with blood samples from 23 volunteers. No aggregation was detected in physiologic saline, and few rouleaux were found in ionic contrast media. Irregular red cell aggregates were found in all low-osmolal contrast media: in 17 per cent of the specimens in ioxaglate, in 52 per cent in metrizamide, and in 78 to 100 per cent in other non-ionic media. Irregular aggregates were seen in all specimens with glucose. It remains to be demonstrated whether or not the irregular aggregation of human red cells in non-ionic contrast media has clinical significance. Iohexol was also tested with blood samples from several laboratory animals, but in nearly every case no aggregates were found. Results of animal experiments or tests with animal blood seem to be poorly applicable to man.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial neoplasms at 0.02 tesla.

Sixty-five patients with single or multiple intracranial neoplasms were examined with an MR imager operating at 0.02 tesla. In 56 patients the diagnosis was histologically confirmed. All patients had an abnormal CT finding. MR images were positive in 59 cases, while the lesion remained undetected or equivocal in 6 cases (2 pituitary adenomas and 4 meningiomas). The MR signal intensity of several meningiomas was equal to that of normal brain tissue. Some astrocytomas were better delineated on MRI than on CT. For the study of pituitary lesions, the spatial resolution was unsatisfactory. The ultralow field MR imager was found to be sensitive for the detection of other intracranial neoplasms.

Adenoma↗