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Biomedical subjects

R Riley

Publications and source records attributed to R Riley.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Peptic ulcers: mortality and hospitalization.

This study analyzes data on peptic ulcer disease based on deaths for 1951-1988 and hospital separations for 1969-1988. The source of the data are mortality and morbidity statistics provided to Statistics Canada by the provinces. The age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) for peptic ulcer disease decreased from 1951 to 1988 by 69.4% for men (8.5 to 2.6 per 100,000 population), and 31.8% for women (2.2 to 1.5). Separation rates from hospitals during 1969-1988 for peptic ulcer disease also decreased by 59.8% for men (242.7 to 97.6 per 100,000 population) and 35.6% for women (103.2 to 66.5). Age-specific rates for both mortality and hospital separations increased with age. Epidemiological studies indicate that the incidence of peptic ulcer disease is declining in the general population. The downward trends in mortality and hospitalization rates for peptic ulcer disease reflect this change in incidence, but additional factors probably contribute as well to this decline. Male rates for both mortality and hospital separations were much higher than female rates at the beginning of the study period; but toward the end, the gap between the sexes narrowed considerably, mainly because the male rates declined substantially while the female rates decline moderately. The slower decline in the rates for women may be related to such factors as the increasing labour force participation among women and the slower decline in the population of female smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The treatment of mental disorders in hospitals.

This article examines mental disorders treated in Canadian general and psychiatric hospitals from 1971 to 1985-86. Significant changes occurred over the period of study. The analysis is based on hospital discharge data from eight provinces. For several decades, mental disorders have been among the leading causes of hospital use. In 1985-86, mental disorders accounted for about 10.8% of total days of care given in general hospitals. The total discharge rate for mental disorders treated in general and psychiatric hospitals declined moderately from 1971 to 1985-86. However the rate for functional psychoses has increased, while for other diagnoses the rates have decreased. The two diagnostic categories most often found in active treatment programs shifted position over the period. In 1971, the rate for general clinical disorders was almost twice that of functional psychoses; since 1981-82, the functional psychoses rate has exceeded the general clinical disorders rate. Discharge rates for functional psychosis for the elderly increased considerably, but remained stable in other age groups. This suggests that mental illness is being diagnosed more often in the elderly, and that treatment of their mental illnesses is more often undertaken.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Isolation and initial characterization of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutant exhibiting temperature-dependent radiation sensitivity due to a mutation in a previously unidentified rad locus.

We have isolated a mutant of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe which exhibits sensitivity to UV light when grown at either 30 degrees or 37 degrees C, as compared to the parental wild-type strain. This increased sensitivity is more pronounced when cells are grown at 37 degrees C. The mutant is also sensitive to 18 MeV electrons at the high temperature. Tetrad analysis of spores generated by crossing the mutant and a Rad+ strain revealed that sensitivity to both types of radiation cosegregate 2:2, relative to wild-type resistance, indicating that a single altered chromosomal locus is responsible for the radiation sensitivities observed. In addition, analysis of spores resulting from crosses between the mutant and all other known S. pombe rad mutants indicates that the temperature-dependent sensitivity described in this report is mediated by a mutation in a previously unidentified rad locus.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Accidents in Canada: mortality and hospitalization.

For Canadians under 45, accidents are the leading cause of both death and hospitalization. For the Canadian population as a whole, accidents rank fourth as a cause of death, after cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and respiratory disease. This article analyzes accident mortality and hospitalization in Canada using age-specific rates, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and potential years of life lost (PYLL). The six major causes of accidental death for men are motor vehicle traffic accidents (MVTA), falls, drowning, fires, suffocation and poisoning. For women, the order is slightly different: MVTA, falls, fires, suffocation, poisoning and drowning. From 1971 to 1986, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) for accidents decreased by 44% for men and 39% for women. The largest decrease occurred in the under 15 age group. Accidents accounted for 11.5% of total hospital days in 1985, and 8% of hospital discharges. Because young people have the highest rates of accidental death, potential years of life lost (PYLL) are almost as high for accidents as for cardiovascular disease, although CVD deaths outnumbered accidental deaths by almost five to one in 1985.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1988

Nocturnal asthma: snoring, small pharynx and nasal CPAP.

We studied two populations of patients who snored and had frequent nocturnal asthma attacks: ten overweight men presenting with typical obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, and a group of five adolescents with regular snoring and an increase in negative inspiratory oesophageal pressure during stage II non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. All subjects presented cranio-mandibular abnormalities at cephalometric evaluation, with a narrow space behind the base of the tongue. Both populations were treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during sleep. Snoring and partial or complete airway obstruction were eliminated, as were the nocturnal asthma attacks. Two adolescents treated with upper airway surgery after nasal CPAP showed no nocturnal asthma at short-term follow-up. Nasal CPAP had no effect on daytime asthma. One hypothesis is that a subgroup of asthmatic patients with small pharynxes may have enhanced vagal stimulation during sleep compared with other asthmatic patients. This enhancement would be related to the repetitive Müller manoeuvres noted with airway obstruction during sleep. Combined with the local effects of snoring, this extra vagal stimulation would be a precipitating factor in nocturnal asthma attacks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

'Spiked' atropine.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1986

Small upper airway in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome infants and their families.

6 infants (index cases) from five different families had a near-miss sudden infant death syndrome event between 3 and 12 weeks of age and had polygraphically documented apnoeas during sleep. 4 of their siblings had died of SIDS. The index cases, their 4 living siblings, 10 parents, and 8 grandparents underwent respiratory studies during sleep. All the adults and 3 index cases had cephalometric X-rays. 2 index cases underwent volume computerised tomographic scans when awake and during sleep. Index cases had mixed and obstructive sleep apnoea. Several family members had obstructive sleep apnoea; cephalometric X-rays also showed small upper airways, particularly behind the base of the tongue. A small posterior airway at the level of the tongue may be a familial risk factor for apnoea of infancy.

Adult↗