Biomedical subjects

R Rose

Publications and source records attributed to R Rose.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

The response of hamsters to primary and secondary infection with Trichinella spiralis and to vaccination with parasite antigens.

The duration of primary infections with T. spiralis was dose-dependent with greater proportional loss of worms from heavily infected hamsters and longer persistence of worms in syngeneic DSN hamsters carrying initially low intensity infections. Intestinal worms were lost more rapidly from challenged immunized animals with over 80% loss of established worms by day 6 post infection, but survival of residual worms for a further 2 weeks. Hamsters carrying initially more than 140 intestinal worms began to lose weight during the second week indicating severe pathology at this stage of infection. Mucosal mast cell numbers increased from 50 cells/20 villus crypt units in uninfected animals to a peak in excess of 150 during week 4 pi, although intestinal mastocytosis persisted long after the loss of the majority of adult worms. Serum antibody responses to muscle stage larval antigen were detected in week 3 and increased subsequently. Both mastocytosis and antibody responses were more intense on secondary exposure to infection. Hamsters vaccinated with muscle stage larval antigen showed only a moderately accelerated loss of the intestinal phase but the fecundity of worms was severely suppressed. Overall it was concluded that the hamster host provided a model of trichinellosis that, in many respects was closer than mice and rats to the pattern of infection seen in economically and clinically important host species.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1994

Absence of residual effects after physiological stimulation of the visual and motor cortex: an [15O]-H2O PET study in humans.

Cognitive experiments using positron emission tomography (PET) with [15O]-H2O require multiple scans done at 10 to 12 min intervals. Momose and colleagues reported that regional cerebral blood flow changes in response to visual stimulation do not return to baseline even 15 min after the stimulation. If confirmed, this fact would have important implications for the design and interpretation of PET cognitive studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the temporal course of residual effects following visual and motor stimulation. Six healthy volunteers undertook six scans each. Two scans were done to establish a baseline, one to observe the task induced activation, and three scans to investigate the residual effects at varying intervals after the task. The data were analysed using both statistical parametric mapping and a region of interest analysis. The visual and motor task produced robust activations bilaterally in the occipital cortex and in the contralateral primary motor cortex. There was no evidence for a statistically significant residue effect at any of the three intervals studied (30 s, 3 and 6 min). Our results refute the findings of Momose and colleagues and suggest that the 10-min interscan interval is more than adequate to re-establish a resting baseline.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Sensitivity to ivermectin and pyrantel of Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Necator americanus.

Experiments were carried out in the hamster to compare the relative susceptibility of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum to treatment with ivermectin. A. ceylanicum was found to be 300 times more sensitive to the anthelmintic with a 50% effective dose (ED50) of the order of 10-15 micrograms kg-1 body weight whilst that for N. americanus approximated to 3-5 mg kg-1. Furthermore, whereas complete clearance of A. ceylanicum was observed with a dose of 100 micrograms kg-1, N. americanus was not totally removed after treatment with 25 mg kg-1, the highest dose tested. Both parasites proved equally sensitive to pyrantel with an ED50 of 1-12 mg kg-1 for A. ceylanicum and 5-25 mg kg-1 for N. americanus. Treatment with pyrantel at 100 mg kg-1 completely eliminated worms of both species and doses of 25-50 mg kg-1 were > 90% effective. In addition to worm burdens, changes in host weight and PCV were also recorded and it was shown that both parameters could be used to evaluate the success/failure of treatment.

Ancylostoma↗

PubMed1993

Observations on the feeding behaviour of parasitic third-stage hookworm larvae.

The feeding behaviour of parasitic 3rd-stage larvae (L3) of the hookworms Ancylostoma caninum, A. ceylanicum and Necator americanus was examined. Less than 11% of A. caninum L3 recovered from the small intestines of dogs infected orally were feeding at 4-48 h post-infection (p.i.), and none of the A. ceylanicum L3 recovered from the intestines of orally infected hamsters had resumed feeding. All L4 of both species recovered at 36 and 48 h p.i. had resumed feeding. On the other hand, approximately 16% of the A. ceylanicum L3 recovered from the skin of percutaneously infected hamsters at 18 h were feeding, and the percentage feeding increased to nearly 58% at 44 h p.i. Necator americanus L3 recovered from the skin of percutaneously infected neonatal hamsters resumed feeding at 6-12 h p.i. and reached 90-94% by 18 h. Feeding began to decline at 66 h, and reached 29% at 120 h p.i. This decrease was associated with the migration of larvae from the skin to the lungs. By 192 h p.i. over 95% of the larvae had reached the small intestine, and all had moulted to the L4. The results indicate that parasitic L3 resume feeding in the skin during percutaneous infections, and suggest that feeding by hookworm L3 correlates with the resumption of development.

Ancylostoma↗

PubMed1993

Relationship between Ileal symbiont intracellularis and porcine proliferative enteritis.

The relationship between Ileal symbiont (IS) intracellularis, formerly known as a Campylobacter-like organism, and porcine proliferative enteritis (PE) was studied by use of pigs with experimentally transmitted PE. Twenty one pigs were experimentally inoculated with homogenized ileal mucosa from a pig that died with PE, and 7 were maintained as uninoculated controls. Fecal samples were collected, and pigs were necropsied weekly postinoculation. Light microscopy and electron microscopy were used to examine tissues for lesions of PE and infectious agents. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and assayed for the presence of sequences specific for IS intracellularis by dot blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction amplification. IS intracellularis was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the feces of 20 of 21 inoculated pigs but not in the feces of uninoculated pigs. Seven inoculated pigs but no uninoculated pigs were detected shedding IS intracellularis by dot blot hybridization. Shedding was detected 1 to 5 weeks after inoculation, and clinical signs were seen in the second to fifth weeks after inoculation. Few pigs without lesions of PE were found to shed IS intracellularis. There was a highly significant association between the presence of IS intracellularis in feces or tissue and the presence of microscopic proliferative lesions and between the severity of the lesions of PE and the percentage of IS intracellularis-infected intestinal crypts. Pigs that ceased shedding IS intracellularis were significantly less likely to have proliferative lesions. These and previous reports are consistent with the hypothesis that IS intracellularis is a necessary causative agent of PE.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Comparison of techniques for diagnosis of proliferative enteritis of swine.

In an abattoir-based case-control study, histologic, and macroscopic examination of porcine intestines at slaughter and 2 molecular assays were compared for use as diagnostic tests of proliferative enteritis (PE). Fecal samples and intestinal specimens were collected from pigs with grossly thick ileum and from clinically normal pigs at slaughter. Tissue specimens were fixed in neutral buffered 10% formalin, and sectioned. Sections stained with H&E were examined for proliferative lesions by a pathologist unaware of the group to which the pig had been assigned on the basis of results of gross examination. Adjacent tissue sections, stained with Warthin-Starry (silver) stain, were examined for presence of the intracellular bacterium of PE, ileal symbiont (IS)-intracellularis, in the enterocytes of the intestinal crypts by the senior author, who was unaware either of the group to which the pig had been assigned or diagnosis by the pathologist. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and assayed by dot-blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for presence of IS-intracellularis DNA, without knowledge of results of the other examinations. The PCR assay for IS-intracellularis was a specific and sensitive diagnostic test for PE, and dot-blot hybridization was sensitive, but was less specific. Macroscopic examination of intestines at slaughter was a sensitive, but not specific, test. Association between IS-intracellularis and proliferative lesions was statistically examined in the same study. There was a highly significant (P = 0.0078) association between presence of naturally acquired proliferative lesions and intracellular infection induced by IS-intracellularis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Malignant lymphoma in ferrets: clinical and pathological findings in 19 cases.

The clinical and pathological findings in 19 ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with malignant lymphoma are reviewed. Peripubescent ferrets had rapidly progressive stage IV high grade immunoblastic or small non-cleaved cell lymphoma. Adult ferrets had stage II or IV low grade diffuse small lymphocytic (DSL) lymphoma, stage IV high grade small non-cleaved cell lymphoma, or stage IV high grade immunoblastic polymorphous (IBP) lymphoma. Three ferrets had concurrent IBP and DSL lymphoma involving different organs. The IBP admixture of immunoblasts, large atypical lymphocytes, Reed-Sternberg-like cells, lymphoblasts and small lymphocytes has been associated with certain retrovirally associated lymphomas and nodal hyperplasias in man, non-human primates and cats. Aleutian disease, a parvovirus-induced lymphoproliferative disease, also involves clinical and histological features similar to certain lymphomas in ferrets. Seven ferrets tested were seronegative for feline leukaemia virus antigen. Only one of eight ferrets was positive for Aleutian parvovirus antibody. The clinical and pathological findings are suggestive of a viral aetiology for certain lymphomas in ferrets.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Developmental expression of tomato heat-shock cognate protein 80.

Heat-shock protein 80 (HSP80) is a major heat-shock protein induced in yeast and animals both by heat shock and by specific developmental events. In plants, a heat-shock-induced HSP80 cDNA has been described, although no information concerning developmental regulation of HSP80 genes is available. We have characterized a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) gene encoding a typical HSP80 protein. This gene, called HSC80, is interrupted by two introns, 995 and 109 bp long. Northern blot analyses and in situ RNA hybridization show that HSC80 mRNA is abundant in shoot and root apices and in fertilized ovaries up to 6 d postanthesis but is rare in mature leaves. Heat shock increased mRNA levels in mature leaves but only 3-fold. Developmental regulation of the HSC80 gene was confirmed by fusing 2 kb of its 5' region to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene and introducing the chimeric gene into tomatoes. The roots of transformants showed high beta-glucuronidase expression in the apex and in lateral root primordia but not in mature tissue. Expression in the shoot was up to 10-fold higher in the apex than in mature leaves. Thus, HSC80 is preferentially expressed in shoot and root apices during normal development.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1992

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with Splendore-Hoeppli material in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, focal or diffuse with eosinophilic infiltrations of the stomach or intestine, has been described in human beings, cats, dogs, and horses. In this paper, we describe infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract with eosinophils accompanied by a circulating eosinophilia in six ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Clinical signs included chronic weight loss, anorexia, and diarrhea. The small intestines from five ferrets had diffuse infiltrates of eosinophils. This resulted in focal or multifocal loss of the muscular tunic in three ferrets. Two of these ferrets also had eosinophilic gastritis. Eosinophilic granulomas with Splendore-Hoeppli material were present in mesenteric lymph nodes in four ferrets. Two ferrets had multiple organ involvement; one had eosinophilic granulomas in the liver, mesentery, and choroid plexus as well as moderate parapancreatic segmental arteritis with infiltration of eosinophils and mural thrombosis. The second ferret had, in addition to moderate diffuse gastric and small intestinal eosinophilic mucosal infiltrations, interstitial eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates. Examination of all tissues failed to reveal an infectious agent.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Filling the gaps. Systems offer two models of care management: community outreach and inpatient care.

The growing number of vulnerable people, such as the elderly and people with long-term disabilities, calls for healthcare providers to offer more programs to ensure a continuum of care. Client-focused care management programs offer access to such a continuum. Care managers understand services and reimbursement and can pull it all together for the client. The Sisters of Charity Health Care Systems, Cincinnati, have two models of care management. St. Joseph Coordinated Care provides extensive outreach to a large, culturally diverse New Mexico community, serving urban and rural clients. Penrose-St. Francis Healthcare System offers inpatient medical care management in Colorado. Coordinated Care at St. Joseph Healthcare System in Albuquerque is comprehensive, covering a wide spectrum of client needs--medical, social, and psychological. The program's central goal is to help individuals remain safely at home. Persistence and devotion to the client are the hallmarks of effective care management and the foundation of the new geriatric care management program at Penrose-St. Francis Healthcare System in Colorado Springs, CO. The program's goals are to improve inpatient geriatric care, smooth the patient's transition to alternative care settings, and ensure efficient and effective resource use during the patient's hospital stay.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Populations of Salmonella typhimurium in internal organs of experimentally infected carrier swine.

Experiments were conducted to determine comparative populations of Salmonella typhimurium in the most commonly infected body organs of long-term carrier swine. Naturally farrowed Salmonella-free pigs (n = 58) were orally exposed to S typhimurium when they were 47 days old. Necropsy of 3 to 5 randomly selected pigs was conducted at 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks after exposure. Mean populations (log10/g) of S typhimurium in palatine tonsils, ileum, cecum (wall and contents), ascending colon (wall and contents), and mandibular and ileocolic lymph nodes were estimated at each necropsy, using a most-probable-number method of bacteriologic examination. Populations of organisms in cecum and colon were similar to each other throughout the duration of the study. Mean populations (log10/g) associated with cecal and colonic walls decreased from 6.1 and 6.6, respectively, during the first postexposure (PE) week to less than or equal to 1.67 from PE weeks 4 to 28. Populations (log10/g) associated with cecal and colonic contents decreased from 5.6 and 5.5, respectively, at PE day 3 to 2.5 and 2.7, respectively, at PE week 4, and remained less than or equal to 2.8 until week 28. Populations (log10/g) associated with intestinal walls and contents were closely correlated during the study. Population (log10/g) in the ileum was greater than or equal to 5.3 from PE days 3 to 17, then varied between 5.4 and -0.4 up to PE week 28.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Fall lifting and long-term freezer storage of ponderosa pine seedlings: effects on post-storage leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and root growth potential.

Post-storage water relations, stomatal conductance, and root growth potential were examined in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings from high- and low-elevation seed sources that had been lifted either in October or November and freezer stored, or in March, and then grown hydroponically in a greenhouse for 31 days. Seedlings lifted in October had poor root initiation (< 17 new roots per seedling), low predawn leaf water potentials (< -1.5 MPa), and low stomatal conductance (7.10 mmol m(-2) s(-1)) compared with seedlings lifted in November or March. There was little difference in post-storage water relations and stomatal conductance between seedlings lifted in November and those lifted in March. Throughout the 31-day test, seedlings from the high-elevation seed source produced 3-9 times more new roots, had higher predawn leaf water potentials (-0.6 to -0.7 MPa versus -1.1 to -1.6 MPa), and 1.3-5 times greater stomatal conductance than seedlings from the low-elevation seed source. For all seedlings on Day 31, the number of new roots was significantly related to predawn leaf water potential (r(2) = 0.65) and stomatal conductance (r(2) = 0.82). Similarly, the dry weight of new roots per seedling on Day 31 accounted for a significant amount of the variation in predawn leaf water potential (r(2) = 0.81) and stomatal conductance (r(2) = 0.49).

Journal Article↗

PubMed1991

Gaining customer knowledge: obtaining and using customer judgments for hospitalwide quality improvement.

Customer knowledge is an essential feature of hospitalwide quality improvement. All systems and processes have customers. The aim is to use customer knowledge and voice of the customer measurement to plan, design, improve, and monitor these systems and processes continuously. In this way, the hospital stands the best chance of meeting customers' needs and, hopefully, delivering services that are so outstanding that customers will be surprised and delighted. There are many methods, both soft and hard, that can be used to increase customer knowledge. One useful strategy is to use a family of quality measures that reflect the voice of the customer. These measures can generate practical and powerful customer knowledge information that is essential to performing strategic planning, deploying quality policy, designing new services, finding targets for improvements, and monitoring those continuous improvements based on customers' judgments.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1991

Clostridium difficile typhlitis associated with cecal mucosal hyperplasia in Syrian hamsters.

A sudden increase in mortality occurred in a closed breeding colony of Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The colony consisted of approximately 40 hamsters, 8 of which were affected. Four adult males died suddenly. One pregnant female and one weanling died after having been observed as depressed for 1 day and 2 weeks respectively. One weanling and one adult male were euthanized. All affected hamsters had signs of diarrhea. At necropsy, hemorrhagic fluid-filled ceca were noted in five of eight animals. Clostridium difficile cytotoxin B was present in high titers [10(-3) to 10(-8)] in cecal contents of six of six animals tested, whereas C. difficile culture yielded positive results in only one of six animals. Histopathologically, findings consistent with Clostridium-induced typhlitis including necrosis, epithelial denudation, vascular congestion, and hemorrhage were present in six of six ceca evaluated. In addition, signs of a more chronic disease process included cecal mucosal hyperplasia in five of six hamsters. A silver stain of cecal hyperplastic mucosa for intracellular organisms including Campylobacter-like organisms was negative in all affected hamsters. Antibiotics had not been administrated to any hamster in this colony, nor had the affected animals been experimentally manipulated. Testing for antibiotic residues in the feed was negative, and C. difficile was not isolated from feed, water, or feces of unaffected hamsters. Thus C. difficile-induced typhlitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of deaths in hamsters which have no clinical histories of prior antibiotic administration or experimental manipulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Experimental establishment of persistent infection in swine with a zoonotic strain of Salmonella newport.

An experiment was conducted to determine whether a persistent Salmonella newport infection could be established in swine, to determine duration of shedding and distribution of the organism in internal organs, and to determine whether changes occurred in antimicrobial susceptibility or plasmid profile of the organism during the course of long-term infection. Naturally farrowed Salmonella-free pigs (n = 22) were orally exposed to a multiply antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic strain of S newport when they were 7 weeks old. Tonsillar and rectal swab specimens were examined bacteriologically for S newport during the first week after exposure, then weekly for 7 weeks. Fecal samples were likewise examined weekly or every 2 weeks for 28 weeks after exposure. Necropsies of 2 or 3 randomly selected pigs were conducted at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks after exposure. A total of 45 specimens/pig representing the following internal organs or tissues were examined bacteriologically for S newport: liver, spleen, kidney, gallbladder, heart, heart blood, lung, stomach, and tonsils; segments of the intestinal tract with corresponding lymph nodes; and lymph nodes from lymphocenters of the head and neck, thoracic cavity, thoracic limbs, abdominal viscera, and abdominal wall. Exposure to S newport induced a mild and transient clinical response. The organism was recovered from 97% of tonsillar swab specimens and 89% of rectal swab specimens collected during 7 weeks after exposure and from 98% of fecal samples collected during 28 weeks after exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Helicobacter mustelae-associated gastritis in ferrets. An animal model of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in humans.

Gastric Helicobacter mustelae was present in 100% of 11 adult female ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). The high immunoglobulin G antibody levels to H. mustelae in all ferrets showed a significant immune response to the organism. Urease mapping of the ferret stomach indicated that the bacteria heavily colonized the proximal duodenum and antrum and, to a lesser extent, the corpus. The histological gastritis observed coincided with presence of H. mustelae. Superficial gastritis was noted in the oxyntic gastric mucosa, whereas in the distal antrum the chronic inflammatory response occupied the full thickness of the mucosa. In the proximal antrum and transitional mucosa, focal glandular atrophy and regeneration were observed. Seven control specific-pathogen-free ferrets were not colonized with the bacteria, did not have detectable levels of immunoglobulin G H. mustelae antibody, and did not have H. mustelae-associated gastritis. The ferret lacks the polymorphonuclear-cell response seen in active chronic gastritis typically described with Helicobacter pylori gastritis in humans. However, the lesion in ferrets does closely resemble the diffuse antral gastritis seen in a subset of adults with H. pylori gastritis as well as children infected with H. pylori. Like H. pylori, H. mustelae adheres tightly to gastric mucosa. The ferret infected with H. mustelae, in addition to specific-pathogen-free uninfected control ferrets, will make longitudinal studies possible, enabling dissection of multiple host and environmental variables that influence the effect of H. mustelae colonization on progression and severity of gastroduodenal disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Autoimmune MRL-1 pr/1pr mice are an animal model for the secondary antiphospholipid syndrome.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus often develop thrombosis, recurrent abortion, thrombocytopenia and neurological disease, in association with serum antibodies against phospholipids, termed the secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. In our search for an animal model for the human antiphospholipid syndrome, we examined the MRL-1pr/pr mouse, which develops a lupus-like illness. These mice were found to have significantly elevated levels of serum antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and thrombocytopenia compared to normal mice. By immunodiffusion, these antibodies are similar to human aPL. We observed histologic evidence of central nervous system thromboses as well as perivascular infiltrates of the choroid plexus. The high titers of serum aPL, thrombocytopenia, and thrombosis establish this strain as an animal model for the secondary antiphospholipid syndrome.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Replication of chromosomal and episomal DNA in X-ray-damaged human cells: a cis- or trans-acting mechanism?

Episomal plasmids and viruses in mammalian cells present small targets for X-ray-induced DNA damage. At doses up to 100 Gy, DNA strand breaks or endonuclease III-sensitive sites were not discernible in 10.3-kb Epstein-Barr virus-based plasmid DNA or in 4.9-kb defective simian virus 40 DNA. DNA replication in these small molecules, however, was inhibited strongly by X-ray doses of greater than or equal to 20 Gy, decreasing to only 20 to 40% of control values. Inhibition was relieved slightly by growth in caffeine but was increased by growth in 3-aminobenzamide. Inhibition of DNA replication in episomal DNA molecules that are too small to sustain significant damage directly to their DNA may be due to either (a) a trans-acting diffusible factor that transfers the consequences of DNA breakage to episomes and to other replicating molecules, (b) a cis-acting mechanism in which episomes are structurally linked to genomic chromatin, and replication of both episomal and chromosomal replicons is under common control, or (c) radiation damage on other cellular structures unrelated to DNA. The resolution of these cellular mechanisms may shed light on the X-ray-resistant replication in ataxia-telangiectasia and may suggest strategies for molecular characterization of potential trans- or cis-acting factors.

Benzamides↗