PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Rose

Publications and source records attributed to R Rose.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Distribution of persistent Salmonella typhimurium infection in internal organs of swine.

Experiments were conducted to establish a persistent Salmonella typhimurium infection in convalescent swine, and to determine rate of shedding and distribution of the organism in internal organs. Naturally farrowed Salmonella-free pigs (n = 37) were orally exposed to S typhimurium when 7 to 8 weeks old. Fecal samples, tonsillar scrapings, and rectal swab specimens were examined bacteriologically for S typhimurium at weekly intervals after exposure until necropsy (maximum of 28 weeks after exposure). Necropsies of 1 to 4 randomly selected pigs were conducted at 2, 4, and 7 days and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks after exposure. The following internal organs were examined bacteriologically for S typhimurium: liver, spleen, kidney, gallbladder, heart, lung, and stomach; segments of the intestinal tract with corresponding lymph nodes; lymph nodes from lymphocenters of the head and neck, thoracic and abdominal cavities, pelvic wall, and thoracic and pelvic limbs. Fecal samples were 83 to 100% culture-positive up to postexposure (PE) week 22, then varied from 14 to 67% positive until PE week 28. At least 60% of tonsillar swab specimens and 50% of rectal swab specimens were culture-positive up to PE week 20, after which they varied from 0 to 70% positive until PE week 28. At necropsy, S typhimurium was recovered most frequently from tonsils (93.5% positive), followed by segments of the intestinal tract from caudal portion of jejunum to rectum (71% recovery from cecum), and mandibular (54.8%) and ileocolic (45.2%) lymph nodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical aspects and therapy of Merkel cell tumor--report of 4 personal cases and review of the literature].

Four cases of Merkel cell tumor located in the face or on the trunk are presented. In a literature review 339 cases were found and analysed. The Merkel cell tumor is a neuroendocrine tumor of the skin derived from the Merkel cells. It is located most often in the face and neck area. Typically, it is an exophytic node, has a red-blue color and measures 25 mm in diameter on the average. Since it is metastasizing it is a malignant tumor. Regional node metastases were found in 27%, local recurrences occur in 51%, and distant metastases were seen in 32% of the cases. The best therapy is excision with wide margins as is the rule for a malignant skin tumor. While the tumor reacts to radiotherapy, chemotherapy seems to be of no help.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Age-related prevalence, intensity and frequency distribution of gastrointestinal helminth infection in urban slum children from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The gastrointestinal helminth infection status of 1574 children living in a slum area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia was assessed by quantitative coprology. Almost two-thirds were infected with Trichuris trichiura, 49.6% with Ascaris lumbricoides, and 5.3% with hookworm. Infection prevalence rose rapidly to a stable asymptote at 7 years of age, and the age-intensity profile was convex with maximal values in the 5-10 year age classes. This pattern was the same for males and females, but differed markedly between different ethnic groups. The frequency distributions of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were highly overdispersed (k values were 0.21 and 0.27, respectively), and age-dependent over the 0-8 year age classes. This suggests that the force of infection with these nematodes is lower in infants than in older children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Schizophrenia, civil liberties, and the law.

During the past 10 years, extensive studies have shown that schizophrenia is a true biological illness. Like diabetes and hypertension, it cannot be cured as yet, but it often can be controlled by medication. Schizophrenia, therefore, is not a hopeless condition, and many sufferers who receive proper treatment can lead productive lives. The stigma attached to schizophrenia will disappear, and the resistance to the proper use of drugs will also cease when a change comes about in the way schizophrenia is perceived in the United States. Meanwhile, the unique tragedy of schizophrenia lies in the fact that victims often cannot recognize their illness, refuse treatment, and throw away their lives. The question becomes: Is court-mandated treatment indicated when persons are severely disabled, lack the capacity to make informed decisions, and will suffer mental and physical deterioration if treatment is not given?

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1988

Effects of an orally administered live Escherichia coli pilus vaccine on duration of lacteal immunity to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in swine.

Primigravid swine were vaccinated orally with a live enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain that produces pilus antigen K99. The titers of K99 antibody in colostrum and milk of vaccinates remained higher than those of nonvaccinated controls through the first lactation after vaccination (4 weeks). Some control swine had low titers of K99 antibody in colostrum or developed low titers of K99 antibody in milk during lactation. Lacteal K99 antibody titers of vaccinates dropped to control levels during the second lactation, 6 months after vaccination. Pigs suckling vaccinates and controls were equally susceptible to challenge exposure to K99+ ETEC during the second lactation. Orally vaccinated swine given a parenteral booster vaccination (with killed K99+ ETEC) during their second gestation had K99 antibody in milk through their second lactation. During the second lactation, these orally vaccinated parenterally revaccinated swine had higher titers of K99 antibody in postcolostral milk than did nonvaccinated controls, controls given only the parenteral booster injection, or controls vaccinated parenterally during both gestations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Functional significance of histologic alterations induced by Escherichia coli pig-specific, mouse-negative, heat-stable enterotoxin (STb).

In contrast to cholera enterotoxin and other Escherichia coli enterotoxins, a pig-specific, heat-stable E. coli enterotoxin (STb) causes morphologic lesions (loss of villous epithelial cells and partial villous atrophy). These lesions reflect a loss of absorptive cells and thus suggest that STb causes impaired absorption as well as inducing net secretion. The present studies assess functional significance of morphologic changes induced by STb. Net fluid movement, mucosal surface area, sucrase activity and the electrical response induced by alanine were measured in swine jejunal loops exposed to E. coli culture filtrates with and without STb. Net fluid secretion (-11.1 +/- 1.1 ml) occurred in some STb loops (secretors) and net absorption (2.7 +/- 0.3 ml) in others (nonsecretors), but net absorption occurred in all control loops (4.9 +/- 0.2 ml). The mucosal surface area of STb loops was about 20% less than that of controls (P less than 0.01). Sucrase activity was also lower (about 15%) in STb loops than in control loops (P less than 0.01). The electrical response induced by alanine in mucosa from nonsecreting STb loops did not differ from that induced in mucosa from control loops. However, the response to alanine in mucosa from secreting STb loops was reduced about 70% from that in mucosa from nonsecreting STb loops or from control loops (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that reduced sucrase activity is a functional correlate to villous atrophy induced by STb, that STb impairs alanine absorption in some loops (secretors), and that the impaired alanine absorption is independent of the decreased surface area caused by STb. Because the impaired alanine absorption occurred independent of the decreases in surface area, it is suggested that the secretory response to STb is associated with an impairment of active absorption of alanine.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin b on small intestinal villi in pigs, rabbits, and lambs.

Culture supernates from two strains of E. coli were placed into different ligated intestinal sections (loops) of each animal. The two bacterial strains were identical except that one contained a plasmid carrying the heat-stable toxin b (STb) gene, while the other did not. Morphometric techniques were used to assess villous epithelial surface areas and mucosal volumes in both intestinal segments exposed to STb-positive (test) and to STb-negative (control) supernates. In pigs whose intestines were exposed to STb-positive supernatants for 2 hours, both villous epithelial surface area and mucosal volume were significantly smaller in test loops than in control loops (P less than 0.02). In test loops of pigs incubated for 1 hour, and in test loops of lambs incubated for 2 hours, there was a decrease in villous epithelial surface area which approached the test for significance but did not meet it (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). Rabbit test loops did not differ from rabbit control loops in either villous epithelial surface area or mucosal volume. Histological examination of the tissues from all three species revealed epithelial changes in porcine and ovine tissues only. In porcine and ovine tissues, epithelium at villous tips was seen to be cuboidal or squamous, or even to be absent. Villi with similarly altered epithelium were seen in control loops, but were seen much more frequently in test loops. These epithelial changes were seen as early as 30 minutes of incubation in pigs. Intestinal tissues from these pigs were examined by transmission electron microscopy, but no difference between test and control tissues was seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Elicitation of enteroluminal neutrophils by enterotoxigenic and nonenterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli in swine.

In intact neonatal piglets, two strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which could adhere to epithelial cells and thus colonize the small intestine, attracted greater numbers of neutrophils into the lumen and wall of the intestine than did a nonenteropathogenic strain of E. coli. Ligated loops of small intestine in 8-week-old pigs were used in attempts to identify the attributes of ETEC involved in stimulating an increased enteroluminal migration of neutrophils. A nonenteropathogenic strain of E. coli did not attract neutrophils into the intestinal lumen in this model. However, three of the five ETEC strains tested did so. The three positive strains all produced heat-stable enterotoxin type b (STb). Neither of the negative ETEC strains produced STb. An STb-containing culture supernatant prepared from a strain of E. coli which contained an STb plasmid did not attract significantly more neutrophils than did a control supernatant prepared from the same strain of E. coli without the plasmid. The ETEC strains which attracted neutrophils in loops did not associate intimately with loop villi more consistently, nor did they grow to higher numbers in loops than strains which did not. It was concluded that there are increased numbers of neutrophils in the intestinal lumen during ETEC infection of newborn pigs. However, attempts to identify the attribute(s) of ETEC responsible for eliciting enteroluminal neutrophils were not successful.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1984

Metabolic and respiratory effects of continuous and discontinuous lipid infusions. Occurrence in excess of resting energy expenditure.

Intravenous hyperalimentation with dextrose can be associated with adverse respiratory and hepatic effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the respiratory and metabolic consequences of fat calories in excess of resting energy expenditure provided both continuously and discontinuously. No significant changes in respiratory mechanics, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, resting energy expenditure, serum substrates, liver function, or nitrogen balance were noted by the addition of 500 kcal of lipid emulsion to dextrose calories sufficient to meet energy requirements. The respiratory quotient declined significantly with the 12- and 24-hour lipid infusions, but persisted for the entire 24 hours only in the latter instance. The sustained and increased (46% v 36%) oxidation of lipid with a 24-hour infusion suggests that a continuous infusion of lipid is preferable to a discontinuous infusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Blizzard morbidity and mortality: Rhode Island, 1978.

The total number of outpatient visits to 10 hospital emergency rooms declined 64 per cent and emergency admissions 35 per cent immediately after the February 1978 blizzard in Rhode Island; both quickly returned to normal levels. Three days after the storm, admissions for myocardial infarction increased markedly. Total mortality and ischemic heart disease deaths showed a considerable increase for the five-day period following the blizzard. The physical and psychological stress of the blizzard probably precipitated cardiac deaths in susceptible individuals.

Disasters↗
PubMed1977

Morbidity/mortality and economics of hospital-acquired blood stream infections: a controlled study.

A controlled study of mortality, length of hospital stay, and cost of hospitalization in 40 patients with hospital-acquired blood stream infections and 40 similarly ill patients without blood stream infections was done. Patients with septicemia were identified by ongoing routine surveillance, while controls were selected from computer surveys of similarly aged patients matched for primary diagnosis of operation or both. Bacteremic cases for which no matched controls could be obtained and 109 additional cases of blood stream infection occurring after the study period were also characterized to determine any gross bias in the process of case selection. Mortality in bacteremic patients was 38% compared to 10% in controls; median hospital stay was 33 days for bacteremic patients and cost was $6,692, compared to 14 days' hospitalization and $2,322 cost for controls. Mortality among the unmatched cases as well as the 109 additional cases was 34%. The excess morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs offer a better estimate of the direct effects of the hospital-acquired blood stream infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of an antacid plus antispasmodic combination and aluminium hydroxide in dyspepsia.

A single-blind, between-patient comparative study was carried out in general practice to assess the effectiveness of antacid plus antispasmodic combination tablets (240 mg dried aluminium hydroxide B.P., 144 mg magnesium hydroxide B.P.C., and 5 mg dicyclomine hydrochloride B.P.) and aluminium hydroxide B.P. tablets (500 mg) in the management of chronic dyspepsia. Twenty patients received the combination tablets and 17 the single antacid tablets. They were instructed to chew 2 tablets 3 or 4-times daily and an additional 2 tablets at night if necessary. Patients were assessed initially, and then at 2 and 4 weeks. Both preparations were effective in controlling dyspeptic symptoms. Heartburn and nausea showed an early, significantly greater (p less than 0.05) response to the combined tablet, as did night pain after 4 weeks. Tablet intake of both preparations averaged out at just under 7 tablets per day.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗