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Biomedical subjects

R Rosner

Publications and source records attributed to R Rosner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Education and training in forensic psychiatry.

The author has chaired a national committee dedicated to developing standards for training in forensic psychiatry; he discusses the results of his work over the past several years, presenting the advantages and disadvantages of on-the-job training and formal fellowship programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Laboratory evaluation of a rapid four-hour serological grouping of groups A,B,C, and G beta-streptococci by the Phadebact streptococcus test.

Grouping of beta-hemolytic streptococcal isolates by staphylococcal coagglutination was performed with the Phadebact Streptococcus Test to determine whether such isolates could be accurately grouped serologically with 4 h after examination of the primary isolation plates. Of 132 clinical isolates, 131 were correctly grouped by the Phadebact method using the Lancefield precipitation method as the accepted standard. Of the correctly grouped streptococci, 119 were definitively grouped within 4 h after examination of the primary plates, and the remaining 12 isolates were grouped within 24 h. Since the Phadebact Streptococcus Test contains coagglutination reagents for groups A, B, C, and G, those isolates that failed to react were considered as positive for groups other than the four included in the test system. There were 23 such isolates in this study. Lancefield grouping of these isolates indicated that nine were group F, five were group D, and the remaining nine were not groupable with the Lancefield reagents employed in this study. The one Phadebact "failure" involved an isolate that produced a 4 + reaction with the Phadebact group A reagent and a 4 + reaction with Lancefield group F reagent.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1976

Growth patterns of a wide spectrum of organisms encountered in clinical blood cultures using both hypertonic and isotonic media.

In an effort to determine how long a wide spectrum of organisms will survive in either an isotonic or a hypertonic blood culture system, all clinical blood culture flasks were subcultured on a daily basis for the first seven days of incubation and again on the fourteenth day. This subculture included all those flasks found to harbor organisms on previous subculture. Organisms such as members of the Enterobacteriaeceae and Pseudomonadaceae, as well as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides spp., Eubacterium and Candida spp., survive for at least 14 days in both isotonic and hypertonic blood culture systems. However, organisms such as the various streptococci, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis start to die off in hypertonic media within four days and in isotonic media within five days. Of 47 isolates of S. pneumoniae, 9 of N. meningitidis and 14 of H. influenzae obtained from the hypertonic system, only 21, 3 and 2 isolates, respectively, were still recoverable on the seventh day of incubation. In this study, parallel culture methods were used to compare the two systems, with the result that the hypertonic system allowed for recovery in 356 instances while the isotonic system allowed recovery in only 319 instances. It would appear from the results of this study that many organisms tend to die off more rapidly in a hypertonic system than in an isotonic system; however, fewer recoveries occur with the isotonic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of isotonic and radiometric-hypertonic cultures for the recovery of organisms from cerebrospinal, pleural and synovial fluids.

Two hundred eighteen (218) specimens of body fluids were examined by both isotonic and hypertonic culture methods. The specimens examined included 108 pleural fluids, 43 synovial fluids, and 67 cerebrospinal fluids. Organisms were recovered in 99 instances by means of the isotonic system and in 140 instances by the hypertonic system. The hypertonic system also involved the use of radiometric assay for the detection of positive cultures. In all 140 cases, detection was accomplished within 36 hours after collection of the specimen by the radiometric method, while only 26 specimens showed any visual evidence of bacterial growth. Of the 218 patients involved, 198 were receiving antimicrobial therapy in which the antimicrobial agent attacked the bacterial cell wall.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of recovery rates of various organisms from clinical hypertonic blood cultures by using various concentrations of sodium polyanethol sulfonate.

By using parallel culture techniques, the recovery rates of a wide spectrum of organisms encountered in hypertonic clinical blood cultures was determined from four different blood culture bottles. Each bottle was identical except for the amount of sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) present. Flasks A, B, C, and D contained SPS in final concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0%, respectively. Of 144 patients found to have clinically relevant organisms in their blood cultures, 127 had positive A flasks, 144 had positive B flasks, 140 had positive C flasks, and 110 had positive D flasks. There was no significant difference in the time required to obtain organism recovery from the A, B, or C flasks; however, the time required to obtain organism recovery from the D flask was considerably longer, ranging up to 5 days in many cases. Of the various organisms recovered, 3 of 7 strains of anaerobic streptococci and 1 of 28 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae appeared to be inhibited by SPS when the concentration was 0.075%. In no case was an organism recovered from either the A or D flask but not from the B flask, indicating that a concentration of 0.05% SPS in hypertonic media does not inhibit the growth of a wide spectrum of organisms in clinical blood cultures.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1974

Evaluation of four blood culture systems using parallel culture methods.

Commercially prepared Vacutainer thioglycolate broth with SPS (TBSPS), the B-D Vacutainer culture tube with SPS (VCT), the Pfizer E-Vac hypertonic brucella broth with SPS (BBSPS), and our own Trypticase-soy hypertonic broth with SPS (TSBH) were studied by parallel culture methods for their ability to allow the survival of a wide spectrum of organisms, their ability to allow recovery of organisms, and the time required to obtain a recovery from clinical blood cultures. Organisms considered to be clinically significant were recovered from 176 blood cultures. The TSBH system produced all 176 recoveries, the BBSPS system allowed for 170 recoveries, the TBSPS recovered 131, and the VCT accounted for 106 recoveries. The time required to recover any given organism from both the BBSPS and the TSBH systems did not exceed 48 h, whereas 86 of the 131 recoveries from the TBSPS system required more than 72 h and 74 of the 106 VCT recoveries also required more than 72 h. A wide spectrum of organisms were recovered from both the BBSPS and the TSBH systems. The TBSPS system failed to allow the recovery of many streptococci and Pseudomonas spp. and the VCT system failed to recover many organisms.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1974

Comparison of macroscopic, microscopic, and radiometric examinations of clinical blood cultures in hypertonic media.

Clinical blood cultures were collected in the Bactec 8A flask (Johnston Laboratories, Cockeysville, Md.) and examined macrosopically, microscopically, and radiometrically in an effort to determine which approach produced the fastest detection time. Of 360 blood cultures found to contain organisms by subculture, 334 were first detected by Bactec, 98 by macroscopic examination, and 68 by microscopic examination. Examination times were at 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, and 48 h after collection of the specimen. Sixteen hours after specimen collection, microscopic examination had detected 31 positive cultures, macroscopic examination had detected two positive cultures, and Bactec had detected 160 positive cultures. By the end of the first 24 h of incubation, Bactec had detected 313 (93%) of those cultures eventually found to be positive. Although Bactec produced the fastest detection time in an overwhelming majority of the cultures, it failed to detect three of three Candida spp. cultures, three of five Bacteroides spp. cultures, and six of 32 Enterococcus spp. cultures during the first 48 h of incubation.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1973

Evaluation of the PathoTec "Rapid I-D System" and two additional Experimental reagent-impregnated paper strips.

The PathoTec "Rapid I-D System" and two experimental test strips for ornithine decarboxylase and beta-galactosidase have been evaluated for accuracy and ability to identify 1,252 members of the Enterobacteriaceae obtained from fresh clinical specimens. Accuracy of identification with the commercially available test system was 94.7%; this level increased to 98.5% with the addition of the two experimental test strips. Average individual accuracy of the 12-strip test system on a side-by-side basis with similar conventional procedures was 98%. In addition, 103 gram-negative nonfermentors were accurately grouped. The PathoTec System was applicable to 95% of the primary isolation plates used and provided biochemical data within 4 h after inoculation. The conventional test procedures were applicable to 100% of the primary isolation plates used and produced data within 48 h.

Bacteriological Techniques↗