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Biomedical subjects

R Rossetti

Publications and source records attributed to R Rossetti.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Evaluation of the degree of susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes erythromycin-resistant strains to rokitamycin (a 16-membered macrolide) using the Epsilometer test.

Routine hospital screening of the resistance of Streptococcus pyogenes to macrolides is usually done using the erythromycin, clarithromycin or azithromycin disk diffusion technique. When a strain is found to be resistant to one of these macrolides, it is generally assumed to be resistant to the whole class. However this approach gives only partial qualitative information because S. pyogenes strains with inducible and M phenotype resistance are still susceptible to 16-membered ring macrolides such as rokitamycin. Seventy-four erythromycin-resistant (22 inducible and 52 M phenotype) strains of S. pyogenes were tested for their susceptibility to rokitamycin and clindamycin (control) by means of the agar disk diffusion test and the results were compared with those obtained using the Epsilometer test, a quantitative technique for measuring bacterial susceptibility and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Epsilometer testing of erythromycin in comparison with rokitamycin is useful for measuring the real degree of susceptibility of macrolide-resistant strains quickly and simply. This is important because strains with the same disk diffusion diameter do not necessarily have the same MIC, but a scattered distribution of susceptibility.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

The nu(CO) vibrational spectra of planar transition metal carbonyl clusters.

The nu(CO) vibrational spectra of planar transition cluster carbonyls containing M(CO)(4) groups are studied. It is possible to anticipate qualitatively, both for the infrared and Raman, the band intensity changes associated with increasing metallic nature of the cluster. These enable a unification of the band patterns shown by the species reported. As for (idealized) spherical clusters, the spherical harmonic model (SHM), suitably modified, becomes of more general applicability as cluster size increases, although for smaller species the tensor harmonic model (THM) makes a contribution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Vibrational spectra of bridging carbonyl groups in transition metal carbonyl clusters.

The spherical harmonic model (SHM), previously used for the analysis of the terminal nu(CO) vibrations of transition metal carbonyl clusters, is applied to the corresponding bridging CO modes. The model is applicable, although the spectra show a greater sensitivity to the molecular geometry than is the case for their terminal counterparts. The reasons for this sensitivity are discussed. When both micro(2) and micro(3) CO groups are present in a molecule, a spectral distinction may not be apparent.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Activity of a nitroxylated analog of daunorubicin, ruboxyl, in B-lymphoproliferative disorders.

A nitroxylated analog of daunorubicin, ruboxyl (RBX), showed low toxicity but significant lympholytic effect in preclinical evaluations. A series of studies in vitro and in animals demonstrate that RBX is a putative agent in the treatment of many neoplasms. We report the results of a study in mice in which RBX showed selective B-lymphocyte immunosuppression. On the basis of this experience, RBX was administered to 3 patients with multiple myeloma and two patients with Waldenström's disease. The results of this pilot clinical study show that this compound has good activity and low myelotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, but seems to be characterized by a threatening immunosuppressive effect.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Metal-metal and metal-ligand vibrational interaction in compounds of the Fe3EE'(CO)9 (E, E' = S, Se, Te) series and the low-frequency vibrational spectra of Co2FeS(CO)9 and Os3S2(CO)9.

The infrared and Raman spectra of the title compounds in the ca. 400-150 cm-1 region are reported. For the first time, detailed assignments are given for all of the features in this region for the first series of compounds. An attempt is made to extend to all of the modes the plastic cluster model of vibrational analysis, which is normally applied only to nu(M-M) vibrations. While mixing occurs between nu(Fe-Fe) and nu(Fe-E), species containing Te posed particular problems; the reasons for this are discussed and give new insights into the plastic cluster model itself.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Encephalitis caused directly by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

A case of non-fatal encephalitis in a 21-y-old immunocompetent woman is described. High titre serum antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae were found. In addition, Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction. Neuroimaging findings by magnetic resonance and computed tomographic scanning of the brain, and laboratory investigations, including a search for serum antibodies to gangliosides, did not support an immune-mediated mechanism. No other pathogens were found. These results strongly suggest that the encephalitis was caused directly by Mycoplasma pneumoniae invasion of the central nervous system. They also indicate that such pathogenetic mechanism may sometimes be sufficient to explain neurological manifestations occurring during the course of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The consequences for therapy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Double-blind evaluation of short-term analgesic efficacy of orally administered diclofenac, diclofenac plus codeine, and diclofenac plus imipramine in chronic cancer pain.

A prospective double-blind randomized trial was conducted on 184 cancer patients with moderate to severe chronic pain to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac alone (50 mg q.i.d.) or in combination with a weak opioid (codeine 40 mg q.i.d.), or with an anti-depressant (imipramine, 10 or 25 mg t.i.d.). All demographic and clinical characteristics including cancer type, presence of bone metastases, baseline pain severity, neuropathic and nociceptive pain, and depressive state, were well balanced between the three treatment groups. The main analysis of the study was on the VAS scores at visit 2 (day 4). The mean VAS values for both associations imipramine plus diclofenac and codeine plus diclofenac were similar to the association placebo plus diclofenac. Patients on imipramine plus diclofenac and on placebo plus diclofenac were withdrawn mainly for inadequate efficacy, while patients on codeine plus diclofenac discontinued equally for inadequate efficacy or adverse events. In conclusion, in a short-term evaluation the addition of a tricyclic anti-depressant or a weak opioid to diclofenac did not provide further analgesia with respect to diclofenac administration alone.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

A phase II trial of combined chemotherapy and surgery in stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer.

A poor prognosis for patients with Stage IIIA clinical N2 treated by surgery alone has led clinical researchers to find a new treatment modality to improve the curative potential of surgery. Many Phas II trials have been carried out with induction chemo- or chemo-radiotherapy prior to surgery. From June 1988 to July 1991, 46 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Stage IIIA clinical N2 entered a Phase II induction-chemotherapy trial. Patients received 2-3 cycles of high-dose cisplatin and etoposide. Forty-five were evaluable for response; the response rate was 82% (37/45: 3 CR, 34 PR). Toxicity was primarily hematologic. Surgical resection was performed in 35 patients; radical resection was possible in 28 patients (62%); three patients were incompletely resected and two patients were only explored. Three deaths were surgery-related. Median survival was 24.5 months with a 2-year survival of 53%. Cisplatin with etoposide is an active and safe induction chemotherapy regimen for NSCLC Stage IIIA N2 with a high response rate. The median survival seems to be prolonged and therefore, randomized trials are needed to compare this approach with other treatment modalities.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Neoadjuvant cisplatin and etoposide for stage IIIA (clinical N2) non-small cell lung cancer.

In an attempt to improve the curative potential of surgery, 46 patients with unresectable Stage IIIA (Clinical N2) non-small cell lung cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide. After 2 or 3 cycles, 45 patients were evaluable for response; the overall response rate was 82% (37/45) with 3 complete and 34 partial responses. Toxicity was primarily hematologic. Surgical exploration was performed on 35 patients, but resection was possible in only 33 (73%). Of these, 28 resections were complete (62%). Four patients (2CR, 2PR; 9%) had no tumor in biopsy specimen. Three deaths were surgery-related. Median survival of the entire 46 patients was 24.5 months with a 2-year survival of 53%. Cisplatin and etoposide is an effective chemotherapeutic regimen for regionally advanced non-small cell lung cancer; the resection and survival rates justify further trials to compare this approach to other treatment modalities.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics of vincristine in cancer patients treated with nifedipine.

The pharmacokinetics of vincristine (VCR) after an intravenous bolus dose of 2 mg were studied in patients with cancer with and without a concomitant treatment with the calcium-entry blocker nifedipine (NIF). VCR concentrations were determined by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by a nonlinear weighted least-square regression program (SAS-NLIN). A tri-exponential model fitted the raw data better than a bi-exponential model in five of 14 (35%) patients treated with VCR alone and in seven of 12 (58%) patients treated with VCR plus NIF (P = NS). The T1/2 alpha was shorter in NIF-treated patients, whereas the T1/2 gamma was longer in the NIF-treated group. The NIF-treated group showed an increase in the AUC O-infinity and AUC 1 to 96 hours, and a decrease in the AUC 0 to 1 hour. Total plasma clearance of VCR and 7-day urinary excretion of VCR was reduced in the NIF-treated patients. These data suggest that, when VCR is administered to NIF-treated patients with cancer, there is a decrease in VCR clearance from the body. Theoretically, a greater cytotoxicity may be anticipated.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Chemotherapy with cis-platin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (CAP) in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Thirty-three evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer (12 previously treated with adjuvant chemotherapy) were treated with a combination of cis-platin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (CAP). cis-Platin was given intravenously, 20 mg/m2, on days 1-3, doxorubicin, 40 mg/m2 i.v., on day 1, and cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/m2 i.v., on days 1-3. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. A complete response (CR) was obtained in 3 patients (9%) and a partial response (PR) in 18 (54%). The highest response rate was observed in soft tissue and in liver metastases. Median response duration was 48 weeks and median survival 93 weeks. Toxicity was moderate and consisted of alopecia (100%), gastrointestinal toxicity (86%), and myelosuppression (60%). We conclude that this regimen is active in the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma, with a generally acceptable tolerance, but further evaluations in Phase III studies are required.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Epidemiology of beta-hemolytic streptococcus group B colonization in perinatology. Methodology considerations and personal data].

GBS have attracted increasing attention in recent years as a major cause of serious neonatal sepsis. The maternal genital tract is the principal source of organism for babies with the most serious early onset form of disease. Reported rates of GBS carriage in the genital and anorectal tract of pregnant women vary widely: much of the variations is undoubtedly associated with differences in laboratory technique, sampling site and number of samples taken. The key bacteriological factor is the use of enrichment culture technique. We have studied GBS colonization in 274 pregnant women during labor and in their newborns (275). Carriage was documented in 25.91% women by vaginal (low portion) and anorectal swabs, and in 6.14% newborns by auricolar, pharyngeal and rectal swabs taken at birth and before leaving nursery. The higher rectal colonization rate in pregnant women suggests that the gastrointestinal tract is the primary site of GBS carriage. Colonized newborns have no obstetrics risk factors, except for maternal GBS carriage. Our data confirms that limiting antimicrobial intrapartum prophylaxis to premature infants leaves term infants (who account for 60% of the fetal cases of early onset disease) unprotected, unless membrane rupture is prolonged. Prevention of early onset infections among low-risk term infants will require additional investigations.

Female↗