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Biomedical subjects

R Saura

Publications and source records attributed to R Saura.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Inhibition of neovascularization in vivo by gold compounds.

As mononuclear cell infiltration and growth of pannus critically depend on synovial neovascularization in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inhibition of the synovial blood vessels would have the potential to reduce rheumatoid inflammation. In this investigation, we studied the effect of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) and auranofin (AUR) on neovascularization in vivo by using a micropocket technique. Both GST and AUR suppressed rabbit corneal neovascularization in a dose-dependent fashion. Significant inhibition was observed by 3 mg/kg GST and 1 mg/kg AUR injected intravenously every other day. These injections maintained serum gold concentrations at the level of 2-5 micrograms/ml and less than 2 micrograms/ml in GST- and AUR-injected rabbits, respectively. These are concentrations attained in the serum or synovium of rheumatoid patients treated by gold compounds. Similar inhibition was observed by both intramuscular administration of GST and oral administration of AUR. In contrast, no inhibition was observed when non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 20 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid, 10 mg/kg ibuprofen and 10 mg/kg indomethacin) were injected intravenously on a daily basis. These results suggested that gold compounds have an antiangiogenic effect in vivo. The inhibition of neovascularization by gold compounds suggested that they may suppress rheumatoid synovitis by reducing the number of small blood vessels required for mononuclear cell infiltration and synovial tissue proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The relation between cubital tunnel syndrome and the elbow alignment.

The authors reviewed forty-three surgically managed cases of cubital tunnel syndrome treated during the past twelve years. Surgery had been performed on thirty-one men and twelve women. Their average age was 46.8 years old. The etiology of cubital tunnel syndrome had been determined as follows: There were twenty-three cases of osteoarthritis of the elbow joint. There were four cases of isolated cubitus valgus deformity. There were three cases of isolated cubitus varus deformity. There were three cases of rheumatoid arthritis. One patient had sustained trauma to the cubital tunnel. In nine other patients there were various causes but no joint malalignment. The selection of the surgical technique for the correction of cubital tunnel syndrome was a function of the etiology of the condition. Cubital tunnel syndrome from osteoarthritis was surgically managed with a modified King technique. Ulnar neuropathy with a cubitus valgus deformity was managed with an ulnar nerve anterior transposition. Ulnar neuropathy with a cubitus varus deformity was managed with a neurolysis. The surgical outcome for cubital tunnel syndrome in patients with an angular deformity at the elbow frequently was not optimum. However, although some patients remained symptomatic, the majority of postoperative patients did obtain improved motor strength and conduction velocities. This confirmed the efficacy of surgical management regardless of the cubital tunnel syndrome etiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of fetal hypothyroid goiter].

We report on a case of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism confirmed by the study of fetal thyroid function. Two injections of intra amniotic levo-thyroxine were performed at 35 and 36 WA. The serial ultra sonographic examination showed the disappearance of the fetal goiter. A healthy baby were delivered by cesarean section at 37 WA. At birth, the thyroid gland was slightly enlarged and the neonatal thyroid hormones were within the normal range. This case suggests that cordocentesis is a reliable method of assessing the status of the fetal thyroid, and that even as early as 35 WA a prenatal treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism is possible by amniocentesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Toxicity of complement for chondrocytes. A possible source of cartilage degradation in inflammatory arthritis.

Cartilage from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from animals with antigen-induced arthritis is frequently contaminated with complement-containing immune complexes. A possible role for complement activation in cartilage degradation was modeled in vitro by exposing cultured bovine chondrocytes to homologous serum, and determining cytotoxicity by monitoring the release of intracellular 51Cr. Complement activation was found to be cytotoxic, having maximal effect at 20-30% serum by 18 h. Serum toxicity was ablated by heat (50 degrees C, 20 min) or methylamine treatment but not by EGTA, suggesting that in these experiments activation occurred by the alternate route. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to ultrastructural evidence for the involvement of complement in the pathogenesis of cartilage degradation in inflammatory arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Chromosome analysis of adenomatous polyps of the colon: possible existence of two differently evolving cytogenetic groups.

A chromosomal study of 42 colonic adenomatous polyps was performed using a technique of direct chromosome analysis derived from the prenatal procedure for diagnosing chromosomal alterations from chorionic villi sampling. Abnormal karyotypes were found in 22 cases. Trisomy 7, the most frequently found alteration, was found in 13 cases, followed by trisomy 13 (nine cases). Monosomy 18 was observed in two cases; in one of these, that of a polyp which had degenerated into an intra-mucosal adenocarcinoma, it was associated with 17p monosomy. Interestingly, these two types of alterations (trisomy 7 versus 18 and 17p monosomy) were not found together in the same lesion. This suggests that there could be two distinct chromosomal behaviors which might be related to the two cytogenetic groups described for colorectal adenocarcinoma. However, the respective frequencies of such cytogenetic groups varied inversely between adenomas and adenocarcinomas, thus suggesting that they evolve differently.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

C-anaphases and their relationship with mitotic aggregation.

A survey carried out on lymphocyte chromosome preparations from 50 normal patients showed that the usual occurrence of C-anaphases is related to mitotic aggregations. This rule was not verified in variant and mutant patients exhibiting a high rate of C-anaphases.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1993

Townes-Brocks syndrome in an infant with translocation t (5;16).

We report the occurrence of Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) in an infant with a two break reciprocal translocation between chromosome 5 and chromosome 16. The occurrence of both abnormalities in the same subject could be due to chance. However, it is of interest to note that a familial case of TBS associated with an inv(16) with the same breakpoint at 16q12.1 has been reported. We suggest the possible disruption of the TBS gene at this breakpoint.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Mechanisms of cartilage degradation in inflammatory arthritis: interaction between chondrocytes and immunoglobulin G.

A possible role for immune complexes in the degradation of cartilage (rheumatoid arthritis and antigen induced arthritis) has been modelled in vitro by studying interactions between cultured bovine chondrocytes and monomeric (M) or heat aggregated (HA) IgG. Concentrations of IgG used were within the range of values reported in the synovial fluids of rheumatoid joints. ELISA and rosetting assays revealed Fc receptor mediated binding of MIgG and HAIgG to chondrocytes that had been cultured, but not to freshly isolated cells. Both forms of IgG stimulated the production of metalloprotease, but only HAIgG boosted generation of superoxide anion and reduced proteoglycan synthesis. HAIgG also stimulated cells to produce immunoreactive interleukin 1 although no biological activity was apparent. It is concluded that the equivalent behavior of chondrocytes in vivo, triggered by immune complexes, could contribute or lead directly to matrix degradation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Confirmation of assignment of a locus for Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome gene to 16p13.3.

A two month-old girl was diagnosed as a case of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) on typical facial dysmorphism, broad and duplicated distal phalanges of thumbs and halluces, growth retardation and psychomotor development delay. Chromosome analysis demonstrated a de novo pericentric inversion of one chromosome 16: 46,XX,inv(16)(p13.3;q13). This association confirms assignment of a locus for RTS gene to 16p13.3, as two others translocations involving the same breakpoint have already been reported.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1992

Damage of cultured chondrocytes by hydrogen peroxide derived from polymorphonuclear leukocytes: a possible mechanism of cartilage degradation.

To study the mechanisms of chondrocyte damage, chondrocyte cytotoxicity as shown by chromium-51 release induced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) was examined. PMNLs significantly enhanced chondrocyte cytotoxicity in the presence of phorbol dibutyrate. This chondrocyte damage was abolished by the addition of catalase, whereas superoxide dismutase and scavengers of hydroxyl radicals and protease inhibitors failed to reverse it. When cartilage matrix components such as hyaluronic acid and various proteoglycans were added to the PMNL-chondrocyte cultures, these components failed to affect the chromium-51 release. These results suggest that the increase in chondrocyte cytotoxicity is due to hydrogen peroxide generated by the PMNLs, and that cartilage matrix components do not prevent it. Hydrogen peroxide from PMNLs may therefore play an important role in cartilage degradation through direct damage of chondrocytes during inflammatory process.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Solitary paralysis of the triceps muscle due to trauma.

We report a rare solitary paralysis of the triceps muscle. The patient, an 18-year-old man who had had a work-related accident, sustained a severe contusion of the proximal posterolateral arm after being struck by a piece of lumber. This injury produced an extraordinary amount of soft-tissue swelling in the region of the trauma. After the accident it was noted that active flexion of the elbow was preserved, but active extension was absent. Three months after injury, surgical exploration of the radial nerve and its rami musculares to the three heads of the triceps muscle was undertaken. Dense adhesions were found fixing the rami musculares to the surfaces of the triceps muscle. Neurolysis of the rami musculares was performed, leading to complete recovery of the triceps muscle. The etiology of this isolated paralysis of the triceps muscle was determined to be dense adhesions compressing and compromising the function of the rami musculares to the three heads of the triceps muscle. These adhesions formed because of severe posttraumatic bleeding into the potential posterior humeral space, where the rami musculares are found.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

[Mutilans type of rheumatoid arthritis].

In order to investigate the clinical and pathological features of arthritis mutilans, the clinical history, activity of inflammation, histological findings and treatment have been studied on the basis of follow-up of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with arthritis mutilans. A high incidence of arthritis mutilans was observed in rheumatoid patients who have a younger onset, longer history and higher activity of RA without specific pathophysiological features. Joint destruction may further progress in arthritis mutilans despite intensive treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and multi-joint replacement may be required in the patients with this type of arthritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Chorionic villi sampling and prenatal diagnosis].

The authors report their experience of 790 villous specimens taken either early (for 430 cases) or late (360 cases) between 10 and 37 weeks of amenorrhea (WA) using a transabdominal syringe. In the early choriocentesis cases, they conclude that use of the transabdominal route after 12.5 WA, regardless of the position of the chorion, makes it possible significantly to reduce the rate of fetal loss which becomes similar to that for amniocentesis. Placentocentesis has been used at later stages, either for high-risk couples as an alternative to amniocentesis (183 cases), or in cases of ultrasound abnormalities (177 cases) as an alternative to amniocentesis or cordocentesis. Placentocentesis makes it possible to obtain the fetal karyotype very rapidly within 1 to 2 days.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

Cytokine enhancement of monocyte/synovial cell attachment to the surface of cartilage: a possible trigger of pannus formation in arthritis.

When rheumatoid articular cartilage samples were incubated with normal peripheral blood monocytes and cultured synovial cells in the presence of recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1) in vitro, large numbers of monocytes were seen to be attached to the articular surface. Significant numbers of monocytes invaded the cartilage tissue when the rheumatoid cartilage samples were pre-incubated with 10 U/ml of IL-1. Considerable numbers of monocytes were also attached to normal cartilage when these were pre-incubated with IL-1. It is of interest that recombinant human gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) did not enhance monocyte attachment. However, there was a significantly greater attachment of monocytes to rheumatoid than to normal cartilage. When normal cartilage was exposed to collagenase and then incubated with monocytes or synovial cells in the presence of 10 U/ml of IL-1, large numbers of cells were attached to the natural cartilage surface but not to the cut surface. These phenomena were much more intense when the rheumatoid cartilage was pre-incubated with collagenase. These results indicate that increased levels of IL-1 in the rheumatoid joint may play an important role in joint destruction by stimulation of pannus formation by inducing synovial cell attachment to the articular surface.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗