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Biomedical subjects

R Stinson

Publications and source records attributed to R Stinson.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

An ergonomic education and evaluation program for apprentice carpenters.

Eighteen new apprentice carpenters received sixteen hours of ergonomics awareness education as a part of their regular apprenticeship training during 1994 and 1995. An equal number of apprentices received no training but served as controls. The training took place in the Southwest Ohio District Council of Carpenter's Joint Apprenticeship and Training School. The curriculum was designed to be "learner-centered." Instruction included short lectures presented by a journeyman carpenter and emphasized participatory activities in the school's carpentry shop. Ongoing program evaluation assessed trainees' reactions to the content and structure of the curriculum and its influence on their behavior. Trainees and controls completed brief quizzes on ergonomic knowledge. Hands-on exercises enabled trainees to apply recently acquired ergonomic knowledge in the school's carpentry shop. Trainees scored significantly higher on one-half of the post-session quizzes and the comprehensive test. Trainees preferred participatory teaching methods, especially those using redesigned tools (93%) and evaluating ergonomic risks (86%); and they supported continued safety and health education during apprentice training. The authors conclude that apprentice-ship programs should provide regular "learner-centered" occupational safety and health education that includes ergonomics, and these programs should be integrated with their shop-based manual arts instruction.

Ergonomics↗
PubMed1996

Nested case-control study of hand and wrist work-related musculoskeletal disorders in carpenters.

Unionized carpenters (n = 522) participated in a telephone interview regarding their jobs and musculoskeletal symptoms. From this group, a nested case-control study was conducted on 25 symptomatic carpenters who met a hand or wrist work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMD) case definition and on 35 asymptomatic carpenters who were of similar age, sex, height, and weight. The purpose of the study was to determine if questionnaire symptom data could be used to estimate the prevalence of hand/wrist WMDs. To test this hypothesis, a subset of subjects underwent physical examination and electrodiagnostic testing to determine if these symptom-derived cases had findings of carpal tunnel syndrome or other hand or wrist musculoskeletal disorders. Standardized upper extremity physical examinations and unilateral ulnar and median nerve conduction studies were administered. Physical examination findings of CTS were significantly increased among WMD cases. Mean median sensory and motor distal latencies were significantly longer (P < 0.05) and median sensory amplitudes smaller in cases compared to controls. Median relative to ulnar sensory and motor latencies also were longer in cases. A median mononeuropathy at the wrist was found in 78% of the cases. These findings suggest that symptom-derived WMD data are useful in estimating estimating the prevalence of CTS among carpenters.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Duodenogastric reflux causes growth stimulation of foregut mucosa potentiated by gastric acid blockade.

We investigated whether duodenogastric reflux (DGR) together with gastroesophageal reflux causes growth stimulation of the foregut mucosa and if additional gastric acid suppression enhances the effect of DGR. DGR was induced in rats using a split gastroenterostomy. A cardiomyotomy was performed across the gastroeophageal junction in order to enhance reflux into the esophagus. DGR rats were divided into six subgroups: DGR, DGR + truncal vagotomy, DGR + omeprazole, DGR + gastrin receptor blockade, DGR + omeprazole + gastrin receptor blockade, and DGR + gastrin. Two sham groups, one with and one without omeprazole treatment, served as controls. DGR significantly increased the weight and DNA content of the esophageal and gastric mucosa, which was further enhanced by vagotomy or omeprazole. Histology revealed foveolar hyperplasia in the stomach and esophageal mucosal hyperplasia in these groups. In addition, severe esophagitis was found in the DGR group receiving omeprazole. Omeprazole without DGR had no growth-stimulating effect on the foregut mucosa. DGR-induced growth stimulation was accompanied by hypergastrinemia. Increased growth in the stomach but not the esophagus was inhibited by gastrin receptor blockade. Gastrin administration did not result in enhancement of DGR-induced growth stimulation of the foregut mucosa. It is concluded that DGR, often present in severe reflux esophagitis, causes mucosal growth of the foregut of rats. This trophic response may explain why severe reflux esophagitis is associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. DGR-induced growth stimulation of the foregut is potentiated by gastric acid suppression, suggesting that chronic antisecretory medication in gastroesophageal reflux may not always be advisable. Omeprazole + DGR caused severe esophageal damage, which may explain why antisecretory medication may fail to heal severe reflux esophagitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Role of brain in counterregulation of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in dogs.

The role of the brain in directing counterregulation during hypoglycemia induced by insulin infusion was assessed in overnight-fasted conscious dogs. Concomitant brain and peripheral hypoglycemia was induced in one group of dogs (n = 5) by infusing insulin peripherally at a rate of 3.5 mU.kg-1.min-1. In another group (n = 4), insulin was infused as described above to induce peripheral hypoglycemia, and brain hypoglycemia was minimized by infusing glucose bilaterally into the carotid and vertebral arteries to maintain the brain glucose level at a calculated concentration of 85 mg/dl. Glucose was also infused peripherally as needed so that the peripheral glucose levels in both of the protocols were similar (45 +/- 2 mg/dl with and 48 +/- 3 mg/dl without brain glucose infusion, both P less than .05). The responses (in terms of change of area under the curve) of epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and pancreatic polypeptide when brain glycemia was controlled during insulin infusion were only 14 +/- 6, 39 +/- 12, 17 +/- 8, and 9 +/- 4%, respectively, of those present during insulin infusion without concomitant brain glucose infusion (all P less than .05). Of particular interest was the glucagon response that occurred when head hypoglycemia was minimized; the glucagon level was only 21 +/- 8% of that present when marked brain hypoglycemia accompanied insulin infusion (P less than .05). During hypoglycemia resulting from insulin infusion, endogenous glucose production (EGP), as assessed with [3-3H]glucose, rose from 2.6 +/- 0.1 to 4.4 +/- 0.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 (P less than .05). In contrast, EGP decreased from 2.7 +/- 0.2 to 2.0 +/- 0.3 mg.kg-1.min-1 when brain hypoglycemia was minimized. In an additional set of studies, when insulin was infused at 3.5 mU.kg-1.min-1 and glucose was infused peripherally to maintain both the head and peripheral glucose concentrations at 88 +/- 6 mg/dl, EGP decreased from 2.6 +/- 0.1 to 1.2 +/- 0.2 mg.kg-1.min-1. These results suggest that under marked hyperinsulinemic conditions the brain is the primary director of glucagon release and that it is responsible for approximately 75% of the life-sustaining glucose production.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

On the death of a baby.

Andrew was a desperately premature baby weighing under two pounds. He died after months of "heroic' efforts in an intensive care facility. The story of his short cruel institutionalised life is a case study in the limits and excesses of modern medicine. The night he told us our son Andrew was about to die the doctor who had taken charge of him six months before also told us we were "intellectually tight' that we had "no feelings only thoughts and words and strategies'. We were "bad parents'. As the parents of a five-year-old daughter we knew the love a mother and father feels for children. Yet as Andrew's parents we were used to condemnation and insult. Andrew was a baby born 15 weeks prematurely weighing only 1lb 12oz and in a state of painful deterioration almost from the start. We wanted him to be allowed to die a natural death. Andrew's story is the story of what can happen when a baby becomes hopelessly entrapped in an intensive care unit where the machinery is more sophisticated than the code of law and ethics governing its use. The letter printed below was sent to the administrator and numerous personnel of the hospital that controlled the life and death of our son. The physician-in-chief of that hospital characterised it as a "carefully documented critique'. The letter appear here somewhat edited and abridged and the names of people and institutions have been changed all but our own. It is the personal record of what happened to our baby and to us.

Death↗
PubMed1980

The effects of diurnal rhythms on immune parameters in New Hampshire chickens.

The influence of diurnal rhythms on several immune parameters was studied. When thymic-derived lymphocytes were collected 4 times during a 24-hour period, a variation occurred in the migration ability of these cells. The migration of T cells at 2:00 a.m. was markedly lower than at other time periods. Similar results were noted employing other T-cell tests: phytohemagglutinin wattle responsiveness and the graft vs. host assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effects of a megalevel of vitamin C on the immune response of the chicken.

Birds fed diets supplemented with 1% vitamin C experienced significant increases in serum levels of vitamin C. Cell-mediated immunity and antibody response to sheep red blood cells, a T-cell dependent antigen, were not influenced by feeding megalevels of vitamin C. However, the antibody response to a T-independent antigen, Brucella abortus, was lower in neonates and higher in adults in the presence of increased levels of vitamin C.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Nylon wool column separation of chicken thymic-derived (T) and bursal-derived (B) lymphocytes.

Since the original work of Julius et al. (1973), the nylon wool technique has become a standard laboratory procedure for separating cell populations and obtaining relatively pure populations of T and B cells. While this technique has been applied to a number of different animal systems, it had, to our knowledge, neither been qualitated nor quantitated in the chicken. One passage of chicken splenic lymphocytes through a nylon wool column yields an enriched T cell population in the effluent fraction and an enriched B cell population in the column fraction. As in the murine system, we found fractionation of chicken splenic cells by nylon wool to be a rapid method for enrichment of both T and B cell populations. It is emphasized, however, that each passage should be monitored to check the relative purity of the two cell populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A scanning electron microscope study of the caecal tonsil: the identification of a bacterial attachment to the villi of the caecal tonsil and the possible presence of lymphatics in the caecal tonsil.

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to compare the proximal region (PR) and distal region (DR) of the caecum. The caecal tonsil (CT) occupied the initial 4-10 mm of the PR. Villi were present in the PR and absent from the DR. Segmented structures were attached to the surface of PR. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed these structures to be bacteria. No difference in surface morphology could be discerned between the CT and the remainder of the PR. Lymphatic vessels were observed in the CT by employing TEM.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orf: case report and literature review.

Ecthyma contagiosum, or orf, is an uncommon dermatosis resulting from cutaneous infection with sheep pox virus. It is generally a benign and self-limited condition. Early clinical recognition is paramount to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention or extensive diagnostic workup. Diagnosis is usually based on a clinically typical skin lesion, characteristic histology, and a history of sheep exposure. We report the case of an infected sheep farmer and review the literature.

Adult↗