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Biomedical subjects

R W Lightfoot

Publications and source records attributed to R W Lightfoot.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Churg-Strauss syndrome and polyarteritis nodosa.

In the past year, the major contributions to our understanding of Churg-Strauss syndrome and polyarteritis nodosa were the development of classification criteria by which to separate these from other vasculitides. The absence of granulomas in most biopsies from patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome was noted. Other reports suggested that allergic disease may be only one of the hypereosinophilic conditions that predispose to this form of vasculitis. Eosinophilia and vasculitis occurring in a patient after dietary supplementation with L-tryptophan were reported, and the prominent cardiac involvement in Churg-Strauss syndrome was reemphasized. Impressive responses of that disease to cyclophosphamide were documented in one patient. In the American College of Rheumatology Vasculitis Classification Study, polyarteritis nodosa was one of the hardest vasculitides to distinguish. Several reports reiterated the serious risk of major pulmonary hemorrhage from microscopic polyarteritis of the lung, which probably represents a forme fruste of Wegener's granulomatosis. Although no new studies of therapy in polyarteritis were reported, a review of infections in such patients indicated that exposure to more than 15 mg/d of prednisone correlated with infectious complications, and that intra-abdominal infections were particularly problematic.

Churg-Strauss Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa.

Criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa were developed by comparing 118 patients who had this disease with 689 control patients who had other forms of vasculitis. For the traditional format classification, 10 criteria were selected: weight loss greater than or equal to 4 kg, livedo reticularis, testicular pain or tenderness, myalgias, mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy, diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, elevated blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine levels, presence of hepatitis B reactants in serum, arteriographic abnormality, and presence of granulocyte or mixed leukocyte infiltrate in an arterial wall on biopsy. The presence of 3 or more of these 10 criteria was associated with a sensitivity of 82.2% and specificity of 86.6%. A classification tree was also constructed, with 6 criteria being selected. Three of these, angiographic abnormality, biopsy-proven granulocyte or mixed leukocyte infiltrate in arterial wall, and neuropathy, were criteria used in the traditional format. The other 3 criteria used in the tree format included the patient's sex, weight loss greater than 6.5 kg, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase levels above the range of normal. The classification tree yielded a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 89.3%.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1990

The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener's granulomatosis.

Criteria for the classification of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) were developed by comparing 85 patients who had this disease with 722 control patients with other forms of vasculitis. For the traditional format classification, 4 criteria were selected: abnormal urinary sediment (red cell casts or greater than 5 red blood cells per high power field), abnormal findings on chest radiograph (nodules, cavities, or fixed infiltrates), oral ulcers or nasal discharge, and granulomatous inflammation on biopsy. The presence of 2 or more of these 4 criteria was associated with a sensitivity of 88.2% and a specificity of 92.0%. A classification tree was also constructed with 5 criteria being selected. These criteria were the same as for the traditional format, but included hemoptysis. The classification tree was associated with a sensitivity of 87.1% and a specificity of 93.6%. We describe criteria which distinguish patients with WG from patients with other forms of vasculitis with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. This distinction is important because WG requires cyclophosphamide therapy, whereas many other forms of vasculitis can be treated with corticosteroids alone.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis.

Criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis were developed by comparing 63 patients who had this disease with 744 control patients with other forms of vasculitis. Six criteria were selected for the traditional format classification: onset at age less than or equal to 40 years, claudication of an extremity, decreased brachial artery pulse, greater than 10 mm Hg difference in systolic blood pressure between arms, a bruit over the subclavian arteries or the aorta, and arteriographic evidence of narrowing or occlusion of the entire aorta, its primary branches, or large arteries in the proximal upper or lower extremities. The presence of 3 or more of these 6 criteria demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 97.8%. A classification tree also was constructed with 5 of these 6 criteria, omitting claudication of an extremity. The classification tree demonstrated a sensitivity of 92.1% and a specificity of 97.0%.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Impaired T-cell activation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was studied in T lymphocytes from 32 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 27 healthy volunteers. The IL-2 production by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cells from SLE patients was significantly depressed compared to control values, with a correlation between degree of depression and disease activity. The depressed IL-2 production by SLE T cells are largely reversed by the addition of either phorbol ester (PMA) or partially by a calcium ionophore. SLE T cells had significantly lower peak increases in intracellular free calcium [( Ca2+]i) than controls after stimulation by PHA or by a monoclonal antibody against the CD3 antigen. This abnormality was found even in T cells from patients with mild disease activity or in those whose T cells produced normal amounts of IL-2. Calcium ionophore produced similar increases in [Ca2+]i in SLE patients as in normals. These results suggest that a major component of the defect responsible for decreased IL-2 production by SLE lymphocytes is proximal to protein kinase C activation and may involve impaired signal transduction after activation of the antigen receptor complex.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Simultaneous use of multiple serologic tests in assessing clinical activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Ten technics for quantifying and qualifying anti-DNA antibodies were correlated with manifestations of disease activity in sera from 27 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using both a simple and a stepwise regression. In the stepwise analysis, a panel consisting of four of these tests provided maximal correlation (r = 0.68) with clinical status. Low IgM anti-DNA was a significant correlate of nephritis in stepwise discriminant function analysis. Multivariate analysis can offer distinct advantages over simple correlation in understanding the role of serological abnormalities in disease expression in SLE.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1989

The human vasculitis syndromes.

The vasculitides consist of a spectrum of clinical syndromes having in common necrotizing inflammation of the vascular system. Typical classification systems are based on both size of vessel involved and clinical gestalt. The author favors a pragmatic classification. Symptoms are manifestations of systemic inflammation and of organ ischemia secondary to inflammatory vascular occlusion. Multicenter studies suggest that the most common vasculitides do not satisfy criteria for one of the specific nosological entities and would be classified as "other" vasculitides. For those syndromes fitting a classical description (e.g., Wegener's, polyarteritis nodosa, Henoch-Schoenlein purpura), therapy is straight-forward. For those defying classification, therapy must be empirically directed at the manifestations causing symptoms.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Ketoprofen versus indomethacin in patients with acute gouty arthritis: a multicenter, double blind comparative study.

Fifty-nine patients with acute gouty arthritis entered into a 7-day multicenter, double blind trial of ketoprofen versus indomethacin. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 100 mg of ketoprofen (n = 29 patients) or 50 mg of indomethacin (n = 30 patients) 3 times a day. More than 90% of the patients in each group reported pain relief within the 1st day of treatment. By Day 5, 7 patients in the ketoprofen group and 6 in the indomethacin group discontinued treatment because of complete or substantial pain relief. At the end of the study, most patients in both groups were rated as having marked improvement both by the investigators and by self-assessment. Three patients in each group withdrew prematurely because of drug related gastrointestinal disorders. Ketoprofen compared favorably for efficacy and safety with indomethacin in the treatment of gouty arthritis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Interleukin-1-production by monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by glass-adherent monocytes from 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was measured. Patients were divided into three groups according to disease activity. A deficient production of IL-1 was found in monocytes of SLE patients both without stimulation and after stimulation with 5 micrograms of lipopolysaccharide. The decreased production correlated with the degree of disease. Addition of phorbol myristate acetate to monocytes caused only partial normalization of the decreased IL-1 production. The IL-1 deficiency in SLE is postulated to be a part of complex abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity in this disease.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Effect of coexistent serum DNA on qualitative properties of anti-DNA antibodies.

We have explored the possibility that inapparent DNA in serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus can occupy anti-DNA combining sites and alter the apparent qualitative properties of such an antibody. DNAse digestion of such sera altered both the association rate of anti-DNA with 125I-DNA and the slope of binding isotherms in Scathchard analysis, although no immunoprecipitable DNA was detected in these sera. The association rate of serum after DNAse digestion was a better correlate of nephritis and disease activity. These findings suggest that DNA not detectable by counterimmunoelectrophoresis may affect assessment of qualitative properties of anti-DNA without affecting overall antibody titer, and that the association rate after DNAse digestion of serum remains one of the best correlates of disease activity. Our data further suggest that future qualitative studies of anti-DNA behavior utilize plasma rather than serum to avoid the artifact reported here.

Antibody Affinity↗
PubMed1985

Antihyperuricemic properties of amflutizole in gout.

The antihyperuricemic properties of amflutizole were investigated in studies designed to determine its efficacy and mechanisms of action in individuals with gout and hyperuricemia. In a randomized double blind, multiple dose, crossover study of 29 patients, amflutizole caused a significant dose dependent reduction in serum urate concentrations. Mean serum urate concentrations decreased significantly from 9.6 +/- 1.5 mg/dl to 7.2 +/- 1.3 mg/dl with the 500 mg dosage (p less than 0.01). Detailed studies in 5 patients demonstrated evidence for modest xanthine oxidase inhibition. However, the majority of the antihyperuricemic effect was derived from an enhanced renal clearance of uric acid. Although the drug has significant antihyperuricemic properties, these were inadequate to achieve adequate control of the serum urate concentration in hyperuricemia and gout at the doses utilized.

Adult↗