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Biomedical subjects

R Webster

Publications and source records attributed to R Webster.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Child-environment relationships: a cross-cultural study of educable mentally retarded children and their families.

A cross-cultural study was conducted to determine the generality of child-environment relationships in Japanese and American families with educable mentally retarded (EMR) children. A total of 90 families with EMR children in Japan and 93 families with EMR children in America participated. The Henderson Environment Learning and Process Scale, Family Environment Scale, and Home Quality Rating Scale were employed in home interviews and observations. The AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale was used to measure social competency and psychosocial adjustment of the children. The results indicated that the relation between cognitive opportunities at home and the child's social competency appeared similar between the two cultures. However, the relation between the affective aspects of home environment and the child's psychosocial adjustment appeared to differ between the two cultures.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Supramid tip implants in rhinoplasty. Review of 98 cases.

The nasal tip procedure is the most sophisticated aspect of a rhinoplasty, particularly in certain known problem types of nasal tips. A new approach, using Supramid tip implants, is introduced. Precise guidelines for the preoperative planning and operative techniques are developed, and the so-called pocket, experience, positioning, shape and size, and incision (PEPSI) rule is outlined. A comparative discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the Supramid implant vs cartilage grafts and/or repositioning of alar cartilages is presented. The Supramid implant was used in the tip area for nasal tip alteration in a total of 98 cases. Patients were monitored for a period of six months to four years. The results were satisfactory.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Effects of lobar pulmonary blood flow on the evolution of oleic acid lung injury in dogs.

We studied the effects of interruption of the pulmonary blood flow to the left diaphragmatic lung lobe on the evolution of canine oleic acid lung injury. We compared the morphology and edema of the left diaphragmatic lobe, whose pulmonary artery was ligated immediately after oleic acid injury, with the right diaphragmatic lobe, in which the blood supply was intact. The injury plus ligation resulted in hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension with PaO2 falling from 98 +/- 4 to 72 +/- 21 torr (P less than 0.05) and pulmonary artery pressure increasing from 11 +/- 3 to 18 +/- 4 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). Animals were sacrificed 48 hr following the injury. Morphological examination of right and left lobes showed no consistent differences although wet/dry ratios indicated significantly greater edema (P less than 0.01) for the right diaphragmatic lobes (7.66 +/- 1.23) than the left (6.80 +/- 0.59). Both right and left lobes were substantially more edematous than our laboratory normal value of 4.74 +/- 0.54 (P less than 0.001 for both). We conclude that interruption of pulmonary arterial blood flow protects against edema formation in oleic acid injury but does not alter the morphologic evolution of the injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Mental rehearsal of a task under ethanol facilitates tolerance.

Male social drinkers learned a motor-skill task and then drank the same dose of ethanol (0.66 g/kg) on five sessions. Sessions 1 and 5 provided pre- and post-treatment measures of performance under ethanol. During treatment sessions, one group (P) practiced and another (M) mentally rehearsed the task after ethanol was administered. A control group (C) rested. On the posttreatment session, groups P and M did not differ and both were less impaired (i.e., more tolerant) than C. These results suggest that the development of ethanol tolerance is sensitive to the same training procedures which facilitate drug-free learning of a task.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Simple staining of bacteria and fungi in hide, skin and leather.

Enhanced detection of bacteria and fungi in raw skin and in skin from the various processing stages in leather production was achieved with a new staining procedure. A combination of cresyl violet and azure A is recommended in conjunction with Young's periodic acid-Schiff's reagent.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of monoclonal anti-neuraminidase antibodies on the kinetic behavior of influenza virus neuraminidase.

Neuraminidase from the recombinant influenza virus A/NWSHA-Tokyo/3/67NA HON2 has been shown to exhibit non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The multiphasic behaviour was demonstrated for both the isolated neuraminidase heads and for the intact virus. Interaction of the enzyme with two monoclonal anti-neuraminidase antibodies (WANA 1 and RANA 1), which recognize separate antigenic determinants on the molecule, resulted in hyperbolic kinetic behaviour. While both antibodies abolished the multiphasic kinetics of the enzymic reaction, only WANA 1 altered the Vmax and Km values, indicating that it may in some way inhibit the interaction of enzyme and substrate.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1981

Antigenic structure of influenza virus haemagglutinin defined by hybridoma antibodies.

The recurrence of influenza virus infection in man is attributed primarily to changes occurring in the antigenic structure of the viral surface glycoproteins, especially of the haemagglutinin (HA) molecule. Comparative antigenic analysis of epidemic influenza virus strains has allowed the description of 'strain-specific' and 'cross-reactive' antigenic determinants. However, the interpretation of these findings remained ambiguous, because the specificity of the applied antisera was insufficiently defined and because the antigenic differences among the HA molecules of various epidemic virus strains resulted presumably from a large number of amino acid substitutions. Thus, in characterizing the antigenic structure of the HA molecule, our approach has been (1) to generate a panel of monoclonal anti-HA hybridoma antibodies, (2) to use some of these antibodies to select mutants of the influenza A/PR/8/34 (PR8) virus expressing antigenically altered HA molecules, and (3) to construct an operational antigenic map of the HA molecule by comparative antigenic analysis of the mutant viruses with the monoclonal antibodies. As we report here, analysis of the 34 mutant viruses selected has enabled us to define four antigenic sites on the HA molecule. Our observation that these sites have undergone antigenic drift to a different extent in nature implies that the mechanisms responsible for antigenic drift act selectively on distinct structures of the HA molecule.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Experience with a general practice elective in the undergraduate curriculum.

The eight-week general practice elective at the University of Melbourne, after the introduction of a half-year of electives into the sixth year of the medical course, is here described. Seventy students and 50 clinical instructors recorded their opinions, which were generally strongly in favour of the semistructured course. Students were undoubtedly impressed by the skill of the general practitioner in diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of illnesses. The majority of students found the period to be an interesting and rewarding educational experience, and many stated that it altered favourably their view of general practice. The impact of this course is discussed in the context of future changes in medical education.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

Undergraduate teaching in primary medical care.

There is considerable variation between medical schools both in the timing of undergraduate teaching of general practice and in the methods of teaching. In 1976, the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Melbourne determined that the period of exposure of students to teaching primary medical care would be two weeks in the fourth year, and an optional eight weeks in the sixth year. This paper describes the fourth year teaching programme and its assessment by the students. Essentially, it consists of a two week course of clinical general practice in which an attempt is made to integrate the knowledge and experience gained from both hospital and community medicine.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

Community health in the University of Melbourne.

After changes to the curriculum of the University of Melbourne Medical School, a Department of Community Health has been established. Undergraduate teaching will be carried out in the first, third, fourth and sixth years of the course. Although an introduction to primary care will occur in first year, the teaching emphasis in the preclinical years will be in the behavioural sciences, epidemiology and social medicine. Primary care as a clinical subject will be taught in fourth year with electives available in the sixth year.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

Inhibition of amino acyl tRNA synthetase activity by copper complexes of two metal binding ligands. N-Methyl isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone and 8-hydroxyquinoline.

Copper complexes of N-methyl isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone, 1-formyl isoquinoline thiosemicarbazone and thiosemicarbazide inhibit amino acyl tRNA synthetase activity. Copper complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and 8-mercaptoquinoline also inhibit. The 1 : 1 ligand-metal complex is significantly more active than the 2 : 1 complex. The free ligand alone and copper sulfate alone have little, if any, effect. These complexes have no effect on the ATP-PPi exchange reaction and do not cause deacylation of amino acyl tRNAs. This indicates that the process inhibited by these complexes is the amino acylation reaction. This is the first report that these copper binding ligands can inhibit enzymatic processes which involve nucleic acids but which are not viral, bacterial or mammalian cell polymerases.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗