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Biomedical subjects

R Yanagawa

Publications and source records attributed to R Yanagawa.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Effectiveness of immunization with single and multi-component vaccines prepared from a common antigen (OEP), protease and elastase toxoids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on protection against hemorrhagic pneumonia in mink due to P. aeruginosa.

Toxoids of protease and elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were successfully prepared by treatment with 8% formalin plus 0.2 m lysine and by 4% formalin respectively. The two toxoids proved sufficiently potent to elicit high antibody titers as estimated by both the enzyme-neutralizing and passive hemagglutination tests. The effectiveness of immunizing minks with a single component-vaccine consisting of the common antigen (OEP) of P. aeruginosa or the protease toxoid (PT) or the elastase toxoid (ET) and with the two (PT and ET) or the three (OEP, PT and ET) component-mixed vaccines, on hemorrhagic pneumonia in minks due to the bacteria was investigated. Female Sapphire minks, 3.5 months old, were used in two experiments performed in 1975 and 1976. Minks were immunized three times in one month with a total of 1 mg of each of the three antigens in the case of a single component vaccine and with a total of 2 or 3 mg (equal amounts of each component) in the case of the two or three component vaccines. Two or three weeks after the last immunization, challenge exposure with strain No. 5 was carried out by intranasally inoculating an inoculum containing serial dilutions of 10(3) -10(10) of live bacteria. Summarizing the results of the two experiments, in the case of controls, nonimmunized minks and minks immunized with potassium aluminum sulfate (potash alum) alone, the LD50 values were approximately 10(3) -10(4) with no significant difference between the two. In the case of OEP-vaccinated minks, the LD50 value was about 10(6) and thus clearly differed from those of the controls. In minks immunized with the three-component-vaccine, however, the LD50 value was about 10(8) -10(9), which indicated that the three-component-mixed vaccine was remarkably more effective than the single OEP vaccine component. In minks immunized with either PT or ET or both, the LD50 values were about 10(8) -10(9). The effectiveness of the vaccine made with ET or PT alone is discussed in the text. The pathological findings of the minks which died or survived are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pili-mediated attachment of Corynebacterium renale to mucous membrane of urinary bladder of mice.

Corynebacterium renal strain 115 with numerous pili became attached in vivo to the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder of mice 10 to 30 times more frequently than did that of C renale American Type Culture Collection 19412, which showed few pili. Antipili serum-treated C renale strain 115 was not recovered from the membrane in as large amounts as was untreated bacteria. Antisomatic serum-treated strain 115, on the other hand, was recovered from the membrane in amounts similar to untreated bacteria. Untreated organisms became attached to the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder more effectively than did the antipili serum-treated bacteria, as seen on scanning electron micrographs. It may be concluded that C renale strain 115 attaches itself to the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder om mice by the pili.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Studies of antigenic variants of leptospira isolated from experimentally infected mice.

Antigenic variants were isolated from mice inoculated with a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serotype copenhageni by cultivating the kidney cortex in the liquid or the solidified serum media containing the immune serum against the parent strain. The variants, which were isolated from the mice from 7 to 113 days after infection, were found to be antigenically different from the parent by the agglutinin-absorption test, precipitin-absorption test in gel and guinea pig protection test. The variants were antigenically stable and different from the 18 serotypes of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. The significance of antigenic variants of leptospira which appear in vivo is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of leptospiral agglutination by the nondialyzable delipidized serovar-specific main antigens of leptospiras.

Microscopic agglutination of leptospiras was inhibited by the homologous nondialyzable delipidized serovar-specific main (NDTM) antigens of leptospiras. The agglutination was not inhibited by the heterologous NDTM antigens. The results may indicate that the substance participating in the microscopic agglutination of leptospiras with antiserum is the NDTM antigens.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1977

Experimental model of corynebacterium renale pyelonephritis produced in mice.

Corynebacterium renale type I (strain 115), 1.7 X 10(7) to 4.5 X 10(7) organisms, introduced intravenously into mice disappeared from the blood less than 24 h after inoculation and did not produce pyelonephritis. The same strain, 1 X 10(7) to 5 X 10(7) organisms, inoculated into the urinary bladder of mice was not recovered from the blood in any of the mice, but caused pyelonephritis accompanied by ureteritis and cystitis in 16 of 21 (76%) mice. Pyelonephritis and cystitis in mice were histopathologically similar to those found in cows. The antibody response was observed only in the mice with pyelonephritis or pyelitis, but not in those with only cystitis or in those without lesions, as found in cows. Similar diseases were produced in mice by C. renale types II and III but less frequently than by type I. It is suggested, therefore, that mice may be useful in the study of bovine C. renale infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Identification of some Japanese leptospiral strains as serotypes copenhageni and icterohaemorrhagiae by preciptin-absorption test in gel.

Nine strains of Leptospira belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroups isolated in Japan were identified by the precipitin-absorption test in gel. The results of the precipitin-absorption test matched closely with those of the agglutinin-absorption test. Two strains were identified as serotype copenhageni and 7 were serotype icterohaemorrhagiae. Strain Shibaura, which was thought to belong to serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and used in many laboratories in Japan, was corrected as belonging to serotype copenhageni.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1977

Effects of the common protective antigen (OEP) and toxoids of protease and elastase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on protection against hemorrhagic pneumonia in mink.

The effects of common protective antigen (OEP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain N10 (serotype 5) and OEP plus toxoids of protease and elastase from P. aeruginosa strains IFO 3080 and IFO 3455 were studied during an enzootic of hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa serotype 3 in mink. The overall mortality rate in non-vaccinated mink was 24.8% (524 mink). It was highest in male kittens, followed by female kittens and adults. OEP (1,000 millimicrong) plus toxoids (each 1,000 millimicrong of protease toxoid and elastase toxoid) was significantly protective in every stable or farm regardless of sex or age. It was also effective in a stable where the vaccine was administered 12 days after the onset of the disease. OEP (1,500 millimicrong) alone produced a similar effect in a majority of mink, but was less effective in some stables. OEP plus toxoids was significantly more effective than OEP alone in protecting mink against hemorrhagic pneumonia due to P. aeruginosa.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of vaccines prepared from leptospires grown in a serum medium and in a chemically defined medium.

Two types of leptospiral vaccines consisting of the organisms of four strains (strain Shibaura of Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup, strain Akiyami A of serotype autumnalis, strain Akiyami B of serotype hebdomadis and strain Akiyami C of serotype australis) were prepared; one type was prepared from these strains grown in KORTHOF'S medium containing normal rabbit serum (the serum medium vaccine), and the other was made from mutants grown in SHENBERG'S chemically defined medium (the chemically defined medium vaccine). The protein nitrogen was lower and electron microscopical impurities were fewer in the chemically defined medium vaccine than in the serum medium vaccine. The rabbit serum was detected by the precipitation test in the serum medium vaccine. The results of the potency test did not differ between the two vaccines. The decrease in body weight of animals one day after intraperitoneal injection was induced equally by both vaccines. These results indicate that the chemically defined medium vaccine is preferable to the serum medium vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Presence of pili in species of human and animal parasites and pathogens of the genuscorynebacterium.

The presence of pili in human and animal parasites and pathogens of the genus Corynebacterium was examined. C. kutscheri, C. diphtheriae, and C. pseudodiphtheriticum possessed a fairly large number of pili, ranging from dozens to more than a hundred, in 91 to 100% of the bacterial cells. C. equi, C. hoagii, C. xerosis, C. pyogenes, and C. murisepticum had only a small number of pili in 10 to 37% of the bacterial cells. In C. bovis, C. striatum, and C. pseudotuberculosis, pili were detected in only 0.5% to 3% of the bacterial cells. The pili were similar to each other and to those of C. renale; they were not rigid and had a tendency to form bundles. The length of pili usually ranged from 0.2 to 3 mum, and their diameter was within a 2- to 6-nm range.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunological and morphological analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate extract of Leptospira.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extract of Leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae strain Shibaura was fractionated by rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradient, and the fractions were analysed immunologically and morphologically. Two main peaks of antigenic activities were obtained. The first peak showed activities of strong indirect hemagglutination (IHA), weak complement fixation (CF), and low production of agglutinin in mice, and produced 5 precipitin lines in immunodiffusion with homologous strain antiserum. It gave only partial protection to guinea pigs. No recognizable structural components were found electron microscopically in the first peak. The second peak, on the other hand, showed no IHA activity, strong CF activity, high production of agglutinin in mice, and produced no precipitin line in immunodiffusion. It gave complete protection to guinea pigs. Membrane fragments of the enveloping sheath were found electron microscopically in the second peak. The protective activity of SDS extract of leptospira was thus intimately associated with the activityes of agglutinin production and CF, as well as with the membranous structures of the enveloping sheath.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1976

Effect of common protective antigen vaccination to protect mink from challenge exposure with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The protein portion of endotoxin (OEP), or common antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa prepared from strain N10 of P aeruginosa, was examined as a possible vaccine against this organism in mink. Mink were given OEP vaccine and challenge exposed by instillation with the inoculum into the nostril. They survived after this exposure with 4 median lethal (LD50) doses of strain NC-5 (protease negative, elastase negative) or with 160 LD50 doses of strain 5 (protease positive, elastase positive). Strain NC-5 belonged to TYPE 5 AND strain 5 belonged to type 8 (according to the serotyping method of Homma). Strain N10, the source of OEP, belonged to serotype 5. Thus, the mink vaccinated with OEP vaccine were able to stand challenge exposure to both homologous and heterologous serotype strains. More mink given OEP vaccine survived the challenge exposure by intranasal spraying with virulent strain 5 than did those in the nonvaccinated control group, with a significant difference. When the surviving mink of the vaccinated group were rechallenge exposed with 300 or 3,000 LD50 doses of the same strain a month later, most of them survived.

Administration, Intranasal↗