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Biomedical subjects

S A Saleh

Publications and source records attributed to S A Saleh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Cloning, expression of a segment of hTERT gene and detection of telomerase and hTERT by anti-hTERT polyclonal antibody].

Telomerase is an important biomarker in cancer cells. It is active in germline cells, most of cancer tissues and cell lines, but not in most somatic tissues. Telomerase is composed of two components, and while hTER is present in normal and tumor cells, expression of hTERT appears to be highly regulated and correlates with telomerase activity. In order to detect the telomerase enzyme and hTERT protein, anti-hTERT polyclonal antibodies were produced in this study. A segment of hTERT cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into the multi-cloning site of the GST gene fusion vector pGEX-5X-3. After the recombinant plasmid was expressed in E. coli BL21, the fusion protein was purified for immunization. Extracts from several cultured cells were analyzed by Western blot, and the results indicated that telomerase enzyme and hTERT protein could be specifically detected by this anti-hTERT antibod'. Thus, a simple and effective method was primarily established for the immunodetection of telomerase enzyme and hTERT protein.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1994

Cytophotometric estimation of hepatocytes DNA in chronic liver diseases including schistosomiasis for detection of early preneoplastic changes.

No doubt chronic liver diseases due to schistosomiasis and other causes as virus hepatitis are not uncommon among Egyptian patients. Besides, neoplastic changes in such patients are always seen. So, the aim of this work was to evaluate the estimation of hepatocytes DNA in chronic liver diseases as a diagnostic feature for early preneoplastic changes in different groups of patients. These groups included (a) chronic persistent hepatitis, (b) chronic active hepatitis, (c) liver cirrhosis due to schistosomiasis and other causes & (d) hepatocellular carcinoma. The results were evaluated histochemically and histopathologically. It was concluded that the cytophotometic evidence of hepatocytes DNA in chronic liver diseases is a promising mean in detecting early preneoplastic changes.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1993

Production and some properties of fibrinolytic enzymes from Fusarium oxysporum N.R.C.1.

A mixture of yeast extract and peptone in the culture medium was the most favourable for the production of active fibrinolytic enzyme by Fusarium oxysporum N.R.C.1. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate had stimulating effect, while glucose, sucrose, lactose, ribose and soluble starch had adverse effect on enzyme productivity. The optimum of the fibrinolytic enzyme activity was at pH 7.0.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Purification and properties of two fibrinolytic enzymes from Fusarium oxysporum N.R.C.1.

The crude fibrinolytic enzyme preparation from Fusarium oxysporum N.R.C.1 was purified into two enzymes by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose. Both fibrinolytic enzymes were more active on human than on bovine fibrin. The activity of the "major" enzyme component on human fibrin was 72-fold that of the "minor" enzyme component. Both enzymes had the same temperature (37 degrees C) and pH (6.98) optima. The "minor" enzyme component was more stable than the "major" one against heat and pH treatments. Both enzymes were significantly activated with Co2+ and inhibited with EDTA.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Catecholamine release during and after cross clamping of descending thoracic aorta.

During graft replacement of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysms, aortic cross clamping without the use of bypass or shunts is accompanied by underperfusion of distal vascular beds. This study, comprising 10 patients, was based on the hypothesis that ischemia of the lower spinal cord and adrenal glands might precipitate release of catecholamines. Arterial blood samples, obtained before (control), during, and after arterial cross clamping, were analyzed for epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). The E/NE ratio was used as an index of ischemic sympathoadrenal activation. During cross clamping, mean E and E/NE increased by a factor of 4.5 (P = 0.03) and 2.4 (P = 0.001), respectively. The greatest increases were observed in the 5 min postclamp sample: relative to control, mean E increased 22-fold (P = 0.011), NE 3-fold (P = 0.009), and E/NE 8.4-fold (P = 0.013). During the immediate postclamp period, mean E/NE fell exponentially with an average "half-life" of 12.05 +/- 5.83 min (SD). A second-order polynomial related (P = 0.004) log E/NE in first postclamp sample to the ratio between clamp time and mean proximal arterial pressure during clamping (T/AP). Left-ventricular-minute-work-function correlations: (1) positive with log E during clamping (P = 0.043); and (2) none with log E (P = 0.563) or log (E + NE) (P = 0.641) 5 min post-clamp; (3) positive with log (E + NE) 30 min post-clamp (P = 0.016). It is concluded that (1) distal ischemia caused by cross clamping the descending thoracic aorta without bypass or shunts, results in distal regional sympathoadrenal activation, independent of known central reflex mechanisms; (2) this activation leads to marked increases of E/NE and is, in part, dependent upon T/AP during clamping; (3) the activation is probably transitory; (4) by indirect evidence, cardiodepressant factor(s) may transiently be present following declamping; (5) by its magnitude, sympathoadrenal activation is likely to provide compensation for deleterious factors that may affect cardiovascular functions during cross clamping and after declamping; alternatively, it might contribute to postoperative hypertension and cardiac complications such as myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1981

Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm: factors influencing survival after operation performed over a 25-year period.

This report is concerned with the factors influencing survival in 920 consecutive patients submitted to operation for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm during the past 25 years. Rupture had occurred in 60 patients (6.5%) and survival was 77%, which did not vary during the period of study. Of the 860 patients (93.5%) treated for nonrupture, 819 (95%) survived operation. The mortality rate in this group varied from 18%, in the earlier period to 1.43% , in recent years. Risk factors including heart disease, hypertension, and advanced age accounted for 95% of the deaths that occurred within 30 days however, the mortality rate in patients with these problems decreased from 19.2% to 1.9% during the period of study although the average number of patients treated each year with these risk factors increased tenfold. Improvements in operative techniques and experience were responsible for decreasing mortality up to about 1971. Subsequent decrease in mortality was due to improvements in anesthesia, monitoring, and other supportive measures during operation and the early recovery period. Complete survival information was obtained in 816 (99.6%) patients, 191 of whom had been treated for periods over 15 years. Factors influencing long-term survival were associated disease and age at time of operation. Survival in percentage in patients without associated heart disease of hypertension for 5, 10, and 15 years was 84, 49, and 21; with heart disease, it was 54, 34, and 17. The median age of patients in the series was 65.5 years and survival at above intervals according to quartile was less than or equal to 60; 71, 53, and 24; 60 less than age less than or equal to 71; 66, 38, and 18; less greater than 71; 43, 13, and 11.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Transverse aortic arch aneurysm: improved results of treatment employing new modifications of aortic reconstruction and hypothermic cerebral circulatory arrest.

The results of graft replacement for aneurysms involving the entire transverse aortic arch have lagged far behind that achieved for similar lesions located elsewhere. For example, prior to the study reported here, the mortality rate of the former, in our experience, was 25%, whereas it was only 8% for the most extensive forms of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The difference had been due to limitations and complications of methods employed for cerebral and myocardial protection. The high mortality rate in our patients was due to the deficiencies of temporary bypass graft and cardiopulmonary bypass, and separate brachiocephalic perfusion employed for this purpose. This report is concerned with the use of profound hypothermia for cerebral protection and the application of graft inclusion and direct brachiocephalic arterial reattachment to prevent bleeding in region of operation, as so successfully employed in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The entire thoracic aorta was involved in four patients, the aortic valve in two patients, coronary artery bypass was performed in two patients, and the pulmonary artery was obstructed in one patient. Employing the techniques described in this report, all eight patients with these extensive lesions survived without complication.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Graft replacement of aneurysm in descending thoracic aorta: results without bypass or shunting.

During the 24-year period from 1956 to 1980, 148 patients with aneurysms confined to the thoracic aortic segment, bounded above by the left subclavian artery and below the diaphragm, were treated with replacement therapy. From 1956 to 1967, 36 patients were treated by use of temporary bypass or shunts which carried a 6% incidence of paraplegia and a mortality rate of 22%. From 1962 to 1980, 112 patients were treated without shunts or bypass; this report is concerned with the latter cases. The incidence of paraplegia and the survival rate in this group were 0.9% and 91%, respectively. There were 89 men and 25 women in the series whose ages ranged from 22 to 87 years with an average age of 61. All types of aneurysms were represented; however, arteriosclerosis and dissection were the most common causes. The extent of aneurysm was variable, but most of the descending thoracic aorta was involved in more than half the cases. Associated diseases were present in 77% of cases. Operation consisted of aneurysmal replacement using inclusion technique with cardiac hemodynamics controlled by vasodilators and fluid replacement. During the past 4 years, proximal blood pressure has been controlled with nitroprusside. Cardiovascular hemodynamics, blood gases, electrolytes, and plasma osmolarity were monitored extensively and frequently to achieve the most desirable physiologic response to aortic clamping and operation. During this time 69 patients were treated. There were four (6%) deaths. None developed paraplegia or renal failure. Concomitant subclavian artery clamping was employed in 34 of these patients and in 22 additional patients with distal arch lesions. None in either group developed paraplegia. This indicated the safety of temporary subclavian artery occlusion. Death, both early and late, was due to a number of causes, but rupture of another aneurysm was the most common. This emphasizes the value of concomitant operation in patients with multiple aneurysms and careful follow-up in all patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Aortoiliac occlusive disease: factors influencing survival and function following reconstructive operation over a twenty-five-year period.

During a period of slightly over 25 years, 949 new patients with aortoiliac atherosclerotic occlusive disease--409 (43%) with associated distal disease--were submitted to various reconstructive operations for claudication in 719 and rest ischemic problems in 230 patients. The ages ranged from 21 to 91 years with a medial age of 59. Men outnumbered women 2.5 to 1. Associated diseases were present in 695 (75%); heart disease and diabetes were most common. The mortality rate from operation--50% of which was from heart disease--8% in first 5 years and 3% during the last 15 years. Good function, i.e., restoration of femoral pulses, leg salvage, and relief of symptoms, was achieved in 95% of cases early after treatment. Early results were best in patients with claudication and those without associated distal disease. The long-term survival rates were significant--50%, 30%, and 15% at 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively--and successful function was maintained in survivors in 79%, 70%, and 56% at the same intervals. Amputation was performed in only 23 (3%) patients with claudication and 33 (14%) with rest ischemia during the period of study. Survival, functional results, and incidence of amputation varied with the numerous factors described in detail herein.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Production and isolation of milk-clotting enzyme from Aspergillus versicolor.

The production of a milk-clotting enzyme by Aspergillus versicolor in 19 different culture media was investigated. Considerable milk-clotting activity was achieved by supplying corn steep liquor with either glucose of maltose. Dephytinization of corn steep liquor had an adverse effect on the production of milk-clotting enzyme. The results indicated that complex organic compounds favoured the production of the enzyme. Precipitation with acetone or tannin was unsuitable, but ammonium sulphate and ethanol above certain concentration produced active fractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of aneurysm of transverse aortic arch.

Although aneurysms involving the aortic arch are usually well localized and amenable to reconstructive operation, the reported results of this form of therapy at this level are not as good as in other portions of the aorta. The difference is due to cerebral and bleeding disturbances associated with cerebral protection techniques. This report describes 30 patients and emphasizes the variability of extent of these lesions and the results of methods employed for cerebral protection, which varied according to extent of disease. The aneurysm involved all but the proximal ascending aorta in one patient and was replaced with a permanent ascending aorta-innominate and left common carotid artery bypass graft. Eight aneurysms were limited to the transverse arch; one was removed with the aid of temporary bypass and seven with cardiopulmonary bypass and separate brachiocephalic normothermic perfusion. Temporary and permanent bypass grafts were used in four patients with lesser involvement. None of these techniques was used in 17 patients who had distal arch involvement. Of the 30 patients, 26 survived and 18 are still alive despite the treatment being spread over a 22 year period. Cerebral complications occurred in 3 patients, two of whom died. These problems were avoided in five patients treated more recently by using lows flows under low pressures. Coagulopathies did not occur. Although the technique of cardiopulmonary bypass, profound hypothermia, and circulatory arrest provides a more convenient and technically simpler method of operation, the disadvantages of coagulopathies with excessive bleeding, pulmonary problems, and lack of consistent cerebral protection argue against its routine use at this time.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A densitometric method for quantitative analysis of the left ventricle performance using i.v. digital subtraction angiography.

In this paper we present a method we used to provide quantitative description of the systolic and diastolic temporal function of the left ventricle (LV). Additional parameters, such as peak filling and ejection rates, times to end systole and end diastole, and temporal changes in slow and fast filling are obtained. The volumes associated with these parameters are also calculated. Correlation between LV volume changes during the cardiac style and corresponding "density" variations was confirmed. Time-density curves were obtained from selected cardiac cycles in each study. We used the polynomial fitting technique to fit the time density curves and developed a computer algorithm for deriving the relevant parameters. Data from a total of 18 patients with ischemic heart or valvular diseases, who underwent I.V. ventriculography was analysed using our method. Some of these patients were forwarded for repeated digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination before and after intervention therapy to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. In comparison to the geometric method for the analysis of LV performance, our method is generally faster and simpler to employ. The method was effective in detecting variations in the peak ejection and filling rates in our group of patients before and after interventional therapy.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗