Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Abrams.
The orienting perspectives for examining shame and self-esteem included phenomenological, developmental (from a linear and from a discontinuous point of view), pathogenesis, and modes of therapeutic action. The perspectives are overlapping but potential incompatibilities exist, especially in the area of therapeutic action.
Psychoanalysis is a treatment that focuses on intrapsychic events and activates integrative tendencies to promote-insights. Almost from the time it originated, however, it was also promoted as a therapy informed by the interpersonal, inducing change through experiences generated within the psychoanalytic situation. In recent years the interpersonal or object relations approach has come to be categorized as "developmental," a term that fosters no end of ambiguities. The resulting confusion compromises the study of the actual developmental process on the one hand and the structure-enhancing features of transactions on the other. This encumbers research on the psychoanalytic process. The author distinguishes the intrapsychic from the interpersonal, the integrative from the developmental, and the two very different realms of psychological activities currently advanced as "developmental."
Ninety-one per cent of a county-wide high school population (N = 5596) completed the Eating Symptoms Inventory (ESI) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Being female, older and heavier are far more strongly associated with anorexic and bulimic symptoms than is social class. ESI approximations of the DSM-III criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia suggest that while both conditions are rare (less than 1%), bulimia is the more prevalent disorder.
1. Psychic equilibrium serves work, love, and play. 2. When such equilibrium is disrupted, symptoms occur. 3. Psychotherapy is effective when the equilibrium is restored. The restoration of such equilibrium may be a unifying feature of many psychotherapies. 4. The actions undertaken to restore the equilibrium may be viewed within an operational framework or an intrapsychic one. 5. The operational framework is more readily inferred from observable features. It describes the relationship the patient and doctor make with one another in pursuit of their avowed aims. It highlights technical features. 6. The intrapsychic framework attempts to describe and explain what goes on in the mind of the patient as the treatment proceeds, and what goes on is often very different from the avowed aims of either participant. It highlights individual structure, organization, and meanings. 7. There may be a class of patients who very easily restore their psychic equilibrium within a therapeutic setting, independent of the theoretical assumptions of the therapist or the avowed goals of the treatment. They are people with compelling synthesizing, integrative, and organizing capacities used in the service of development, mastery, and control. There may also be a class of therapists with similar capacities who apply them in conjunction with their authority in order to facilitate such a restoration. The restoration of stability is a valuable treatment goal for many children and adults. 8. Attention to these capacities may be useful for furthering clinical work and for appraising various theories of therapeutic action, especially those theories that rely heavily on positive clinical results for evidence. It may also be one of the starting points to distinguish the treatment process in analysis from the treatment process in other therapies.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
"Shall the Commonwealth of Massachusetts urge the United States Congress to enact a national health program which: provides high quality comprehensive personal health care including preventive, curative and occupational health services; is universal in coverage, community controlled, rationally organized, equitable financed, with no out-of-pocket charges, is sensitive to the articular health needs of all, and is efficient in containing its cost; and whose yearly expenditure does not exceed the proportion of the Gross National Product spent on health care in the immediately preceding fiscal year?"
The authors critique the health-insurance plan proposed by Governor Michael Dukakis, and recount the uproar that followed its introduction into the Massachusetts legislature this past fall. With Dukakis having emerged as a leading contender for the Democratic presidential nomination, and with much hope for fundamental reform of our nation's health-care system hinging on the outcome of this year's elections, the plan, and its fate, may well provide a taste of things to come.
Clinical analysis can be usefully conceptualized as a process, with a locus, impetus, direction, and sequential steps. The schematic model proposed of such a process places the locus within the patient's mind; derives the impetus from the assimilative tendencies of the psychic apparatus; defines the direction from neurotic mechanisms to new consolidations; and suggests a sequence of four steps. The four steps are the resistance of character, the resistance of the transference consolidation, the resistance of the revived past, and the post-analytic consolidation. A variety of advantages of a careful review of such features are described. Some of the limitations of the model are offered as well.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The pellicles formed on fragments of human dental enamel worn on a palatal appliance for 1 min to 24 h were removed by acid extraction and the total amounts of protein and of acidic proline-rich proteins were determined. The percentage of total extracted protein constituted by the proline-rich proteins increased during the first hour of formation to about 37 per cent. Little difference was seen in total proline-rich protein between pellicles formed in a 1 and a 24-h period, but there was a gradual degradation of the proteins. There was no preferential retention of the N- or C-terminal parts of the proteins. Extracts of old acquired dental pellicle contained less than 0.1 per cent proline-rich proteins and pellicles more than 24 h old showed degradation of the adsorbed proline-rich proteins; there is no indication that the N-terminal part which contains the known biological activities was retained to a greater extent than the C-terminal part.
Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, as measured by the lysis of the human erythroleukemic cell line K562, is inhibited by the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone (DEX). Kinetic analysis revealed that DEX inhibits an early event(s) in the lytic mechanism and that the inhibition is both transient and readily reversible if DEX is removed. The inhibition is not due to the production of a DEX-induced inhibitory protein or decreased target-cell binding. Attempts to counter the effects of DEX through the addition of inducers of NK activity were unsuccessful. Neither the calcium ionophore A23187 nor exogenous cyclic GMP was able to reverse the inhibition by DEX. The addition of arachidonic acid (AA), a pharmacologically active metabolite of phospholipase A-2 activation, was also unsuccessful in reversing the effects of DEX. In fact, AA itself inhibited NK activity in a dose-dependent fashion. This inhibition was not due to reduced target binding and was observed even in the presence of indomethacin. It is concluded that DEX blocks an early membrane-signaling event necessary to activate the lytic mechanism and that inhibition was not through some alternative mechanism. Inhibition of NK activity by arachidonic acid is not yet understood but most likely is not a result of enhanced prostaglandin synthesis. Hence, the study of DEX and AA inhibition provides a new approach to unravel some of the intricacies surrounding NK-mediated tumor target destruction.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
A lamb growth trial was conducted to evaluate soybean meal and blood meal and to compare two experimental designs (a completely randomized design and a switchback design). A larger amount of variation was observed with the switchback than with the randomized design. A larger number of animals, longer treatment period or increased number of weighings may be needed to overcome end point weighing errors and decrease the variation in the switchback design. In both designs, there was a significantly greater conversion of protein to gain for blood meal (BM)-supplemented lambs than for soybean meal (SBM)-supplemented lambs. The relative value of BM compared with SBM was 251% (completely randomized design) or 296% (switchback design). Weighing steers 2 or 3 d at the beginning and end of the trial reduced variation and increased the probability of detecting differences in daily gain, gain/feed and protein efficiency when compared with a standard weighing method (once at the beginning and once at the end of the trial). Regressing 11 weekly weights on an average of one, two or three initial and final weights also reduced variation and increased the probability of detecting treatment differences. Regressions of weekly weights were more useful as the number of initial and final weights was decreased. Daily gain and gain/feed increased linearly (P less than .05) with protein level when BM or SBM was fed. A nonlinear model was used to predict protein requirement, maximum gain and relative protein values. There was a range in relative values for BM of 255 to 348% depending on the method of analysis used.