Intellectual deficit in schizophrenia: stable or progressive.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S Abrams
Publications and source records attributed to S Abrams.
Acute paranoid schizophrenia. (Treatment with chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine and placebo).
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Chlorpromazine↗
Treatment of cytomegalovirus pneumonia.
In a multicenter uncontrolled trial of ganciclovir therapy for well-documented cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia in 21 patients following bone marrow transplantation, eight (38%) of 21 survived for more than 90 days. Two additional patients responded to ganciclovir therapy; one survived for 60 days before relapsing with fatal CMV pneumonia, and the other survived 79 days before dying with disseminated aspergillosis. No CMV disease was found in this latter patient at autopsy. The improved survival of patients in this trial may be due to a small number of patients (23%) who developed significant neutropenia during ganciclovir therapy, to the concurrent use of CMV immune globulin in three of the survivors, or to other variables affecting a positive outcome. Data on the use of CMV DNA-DNA hybridization assays to detect CMV DNA directly in patients' blood suggest that this method may be useful in following the clearance of CMV viremia in patients receiving ganciclovir. The results of treatment of CMV pneumonia in bone marrow transplant recipients are compared with those of previous studies, of CMV pneumonia in renal transplant recipients, and of CMV pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Suggestions for further, more definitive, studies of CMV pneumonia are presented.
Acyclovir↗
Speech audiometry in the young child.
Normal children between 3 and 6 yrs old generated word and sentence messages for use in a pediatric speech intelligibility (PSI) test. Word materials did not differ as a function of chronological age (CA), vocabulary skills, or receptive language (RL) ability. Elicited sentence materials, however, did reflect differences in CA, vocabulary skills, and RL ability. To represent differences in the children's responses, two different types of test sentences, subsequently referred to as format I and format II sentences, were formed. Performance for format I and format II sentences was significantly different in normal children between 3 and 6 yrs old. Performance differences were related to CA and RL ability. However, performance for format I sentences in children with relatively low RL age and performance for format II sentences in children with relatively high RL age was equivalent. This observation yielded an algorithm that determines the sentence format as a function of a child's RL age in order to yield "language equivalent" norms for speech audiometry. In contrast to performance for PSI sentence materials, performance for PSI word materials was not influenced by differences in RL skill. Reliability coefficients for PSI word and sentence test-retest measures ranged from about 0.85 to 0.95 in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children. Illustrative PSI results in children with confirmed central auditory disorders are presented.
Age Factors↗
Development of speech intelligibility in children with recurrent otitis media.
This study defined developmental functions for Pediatric Speech Intelligibility word and sentence materials presented in quiet and in competition for 25 normal children and 25 children with recurrent otitis media. Ages ranged from 24 to 56 mos. In normal children, developmental functions for Pediatric Speech Intelligibility speech materials showed earlier development of performance (1) in quiet than in competition and (2) for words than for sentences (competing condition). In children with otitis media, developmental functions were normal for both words and sentences in quiet and for sentences in competition. However, developmental functions were grossly abnormal for words in competition.
Child, Preschool↗
In vivo gene inoculation of a recombinant single-chain antitumor antibody induces anti-immunoglobulin response.
While in vivo gene inoculation is being increasingly exploited to express genes of choice and elicit specific immune responses in animal models, the utility of this method has not been explored extensively for the expression of antibody genes. The primary constraint of this method is the need to deliver to, and express in, a single cell two functional genes, i.e., those encoding heavy and light chains of an antibody molecule. Several single-gene constructs encoding variants of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) CC49 have been developed, MAb CC49 recognizes a tumor-associated glycoprotein, TAG-72. SP2/O myeloma cells, transfected with the CC49 single gene, express a single-chain protein which is secreted by the transfectoma as a homodimer. Following intramuscular injection of mice with the expression plasmids of the single-gene constructs, the encoded CC49 antibody (AB1) was detected in the plasma of the host. In addition, cellular and humoral immune responses to AB1 have been demonstrated. Antibodies (AB2) to the in vivo-produced variable region of AB1 have been detected and persisted for at least 70 days post-inoculation of the recombinant plasmid. Thus, in vivo gene inoculation of single-chain immunoglobulins may be an alternative or complimentary approach to the induction of anti-idiotypic responses in immunotherapy protocols.
Animals↗