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Biomedical subjects

S Aida

Publications and source records attributed to S Aida.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Calculation of aortic regurgitant volume by a new digital Doppler color flow mapping method: an animal study with quantified chronic aortic regurgitation.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to quantitate aortic regurgitant volume and regurgitant fraction in a chronic animal model with surgically created aortic regurgitation using a new semiautomated color Doppler flow calculation method. BACKGROUND: The conventional noninvasive methods for evaluating the severity of aortic regurgitation have not been accepted widely nor compared with truly quantitative reference standards. METHODS: Eight to 20 weeks after aortic regurgitation was surgically induced in six sheep, a total of 22 hemodynamic states were studied. Electromagnetic flow probes and meters provided reference flow data. Epicardial color Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed to image left ventricular outflow tract forward and aortic regurgitant blood flows. The new method digitally integrated spatial and temporal color flow velocity data for left ventricular outflow tract forward flow and ascending aortic regurgitant flow. The pulsed Doppler method using the velocity-time integral was also used to obtain regurgitant volumes and regurgitant fractions. RESULTS: Regurgitant volumes and regurgitant fractions by the new method agreed well with those obtained electromagnetically, whereas the pulsed Doppler method overestimated these reference data (mean [+/-SD] difference 0.23 +/- 2.9 ml vs. 11 +/- 5.8 ml, p < 0.0001 for regurgitant volume; mean difference 1.2 +/- 7.6% vs. 19 +/- 13%, p < 0.0001 for regurgitant fraction). CONCLUSIONS: This animal study, using strictly quantified aortic regurgitant volumes, demonstrated that the digital color Doppler method provides accurate aortic regurgitant volumes and regurgitant fractions without cumbersome measurements.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

PRLTS gene alterations in human prostate cancer.

Since loss of heterozygosity on 8p22-p21.3 has been found frequently in prostate cancer, the status of a candidate tumor suppressor gene named PRLTS gene, recently cloned from the same region in some human malignancies, was examined in the present study. DNAs were isolated from 69 Japanese prostate cancer patients (37 localized and 32 cancer-death cases). Loss of heterozygosity at this gene locus was observed in 15 of 36 (42%) localized prostate cancer patients and 22 of 32 (69%) cancer-death patients. One cancer-death patient had a missense mutation, ACG-->ATG (Thr-->Met) at codon 64 in metastatic tumor tissues of pelvic lymph node and liver, and these tissues showed loss of the homologous allele, indicating that "two-hit" mutation of the PRLTS gene had occurred in this case. The others did not show any mutation, regardless of the presence or absence of loss of heterozygosity. Although loss of heterozygosity at the PRLTS gene locus is a relatively common abnormality, mutation of this gene is rare in prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Malignant lymphoma involving the penis following malignant pleural mesothelioma.

A 74-year-old man who had been diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma developed malignant lymphoma of B-cell origin involving the penis. He had a history of occupational exposure to asbestos as a construction worker. The association of malignant mesothelioma with lymphoma is rare, and the possibility of asbestos exposure as a common etiology is discussed. The intense stimulation of B lymphocytes and decreased T lymphocyte activity in asbestos-exposed populations may result in development of B-cell malignancies. Though the relationship between asbestos exposure and malignant mesothelioma is firmly established, the relationship between asbestos exposure and lymphoma remains to be investigated.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Primary Sjögren's syndrome associated with hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease and autoimmune idiopathic thrombocytopenia.

We describe a case of primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated by hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease and autoimmune idiopathic thrombocytopenia. This type of Castleman's disease was diagnosed by biopsy of a right axillary lymph node 7 years after the onset of Sjögren's syndrome. The specimen showed small hyaline-vascular lymphoid follicles and interfollicular capillary proliferation. Serum IL-6 was slightly increased, but systemic manifestations, such as fever or weight loss, were not present. Hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease should be considered a lymphoproliferative disorder associated with Sjögren's syndrome.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

[The clinical utility of asbestos body counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid].

To assess the clinical utility of measuring the number of asbestos bodies (AB) present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), we counted the number of AB in BALF from 119 subjects using light microscopy. The results were analyzed according to occupational histories, radiological findings of asbestos-induced lung and pleural changes, and asbestos-related diseases. The 94 subjects in group 1 had a history of dust exposure, whereas group 2 subjects (n = 25) had no dust exposure. Group 1 was subdivided into subjects with obvious exposure to asbestos (group 1A, n = 61), and subjects with no known exposure to asbestos (group 1B, n = 33). The distribution of AB counts per ml of BALF (means +/- SEM) differed significantly between groups 1 and 2 (38.8 +/- 17.4 vs 0.06 +/- 0.04, p < 0.0001). The AB counts were significantly different between groups 1A and 1B (57.9 +/- 26.6 vs 3.4 +/- 1.2, p = 0.01). Subject, exposed to dust who had radiological evidence of pleural thickening had significantly higher AB counts than subjects in whom pleural thickening was absent (66.0 +/- 31.1 vs 5.1 +/- 4.2, p = 0.03). In group 1, the BALF was positive for AB in 7 of 14 patients with pulmonary fibrosis, 4 of 5 patients with lung cancer, all 6 patients with malignant mesothelioma, and all 4 patients with benign asbestos pleural effusion. We conclude that AB counts in BALF are useful for evaluating both the history of asbestos exposure in a population exposed to dust, as well as patients having asbestos-related diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA and p53 gene mutations in human prostate cancer.

The relationship between integration with human papillomavirus (HPV) and p53 gene mutations in tissues of prostate cancer were examined. Tissue samples analyzed were obtained by total prostatectomy (29 stage B cancer cases) and from autopsy (22 endocrine therapy-resistant metastatic disease cases). HPV DNA was detected in 8 of 51 (16%, 5 in stage B and 3 in autopsy cases) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus primers on L1 region. Genotypes of HPV were entirely type 16. Structural abnormalities of p53 gene were detected in 7 of the 22 autopsy cases (32%) by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. No p53 gene mutation was found in stage B cancer cases. Analysis of mutation spectra revealed clear differences between Japanese and Westerners. There was a significant difference in the mutation frequency between stage B and autopsy cases (p < 0.01, Fisher's exact test). One case showed both integration of HPV and p53 gene mutation in different cancer foci. However, the other cases revealed an inverse correlation between the presence of HPV DNA and p53 gene mutations. These data show that p53 genetic alteration is correlated with the progression of prostate cancer, in contrast to the integration of HPV that may occur in a relatively early stage. In conclusion, this study may indicate that either p53 gene mutation or the presence of HPV's oncogenic protein E6 is involved in the development of prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Codon 877 mutation in the androgen receptor gene in advanced prostate cancer: relation to antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome.

The growth of prostate cancer is androgen responsive, and androgen receptor (AR) is thought to play an important role in the development of this cancer. Recently, some reports demonstrated that AR gene mutations were detected in human prostate cancer tissues. We have previously reported that one of eight endocrine therapy-resistant prostate cancer cases showed AR gene mutation [Suzuki et al: J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 46:759-765, 1993]. To further investigate structural abnormality of the AR in a large number of human prostate cancers, exons B-H encoding DNA-and hormone-binding domains were examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products and direct sequencing. Tissues surgically removed from 30 cases of stage B or C prostate cancer and from 22 cases of endocrine therapy-resistant cancers obtained at autopsy were used in the study. Three out of 22 cancer death cases (14%) revealed AR gene mutations, one of which contained two different mutations-exon D in cancerous prostate and exon H in metastatic tissues. In the other two cases, AR gene mutations in exon H were found in metastatic tissues. All three cases in metastatic tissues showed the same mutation at codon 877 (877Thr-->Ala). In stage B or C cancer tissues and the other cancer death samples, no AR mutation was detected. The mutation in exon H was identical to that reported in a human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. These results indicate that AR gene mutation scarcely occurs in the early stage of prostate cancer and that the mutation is found in relation to endocrine therapy resistance. Two patients with an AR gene mutation at codon 877 revealed a remarkable fall in prostate-specific antigen after withdrawal of antiandrogen. Data on the other case were not available. These results indicate that a codon 877 mutation in the AR gene in advanced prostate cancer evokes the antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of relationship between an AR mutation at codon 877 and the antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the rib: report of a case.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant cartilaginous tumor arising within the bone or soft tissue. An 18-year-old woman presented with a tumor on her left fourth rib. We performed a wide resection of the tumor and administered three cycles of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Three years after the operation, the patient is alive without any evidence of either local recurrence or distant metastases. The findings of this case may thus support the usefulness of a radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Localized malignant peritoneal mesothelioma containing rhabdoid cells.

A case is presented of localized malignant peritoneal mesothelioma appearing as a liver neoplasm. The patient underwent tumor resection but developed a recurrent growth and died 10 months after the initial surgery. The primary tumor showed sarcomatous features with rhabdoid cells. Examination revealed the presence of hyaluronic acid, co-immunoreactivity for cytokeratin epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, cellular contacts with small desmosomes, and intracytoplasmic lumina. These findings supported the mesothelial nature of this tumor. The recurrent tumor was composed of predominantly tubulopapillary proliferation. It was concluded that the present tumor was a localized malignant mesothelioma of a biphasic type showing a predominantly sarcomatous component in the primary tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Pulmonary dirofilariasis with cavity formation and spontaneous regression].

A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of a nodular shadow and an apparent cavity in the right middle lung field. Transbronchial biopsy and percutaneous needle biopsy had failed to result in a diagnosis. Serial chest X-ray films revealed slight regression of the nodule without therapy. Pulmonary dirofilariasis was diagnosed after open-lung biopsy and Ouchterlony's double diffusion test. Cavity formation and spontaneous regression are rare in pulmonary dirofilariasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Clinico-pathological analysis of airway abnormalities in patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia].

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils into alveolar spaces. Patients with this condition may also have asthmatic episodes, chronic coughing, and bronchorrhea, even after the infiltrative opacity on the chest roentgenogram resolves. We used computed tomography, pulmonary function tests, and biopsies to evaluate the airways of 11 patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. The tomograms showed bronchial wall thickening in all patients at the time of the onset of symptoms and ten months later. Centrilobular peribronchovascular interstitial thickening was detected in four patients, 10 months after the onset. Pulmonary function tests showed that small airway dysfunction remained 13 months after the onset. Pathological analysis revealed airway abnormalities that included basement membrane thickening and cellular infiltration 2 years after the onset. These results show that airway changes had not resolved even after roentgenographic opacities had disappeared. More attention should be given to treatment of airway disease associated with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, and to whether these changes in the airway are similar to those seen in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunochemical detection of urinary 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine as a potential biologic marker for leukemia.

A monoclonal antibody against 5-methylcytidine was prepared and characterized. This antibody, termed AMC, was reactive with compounds that had 5-methylcytosine structure (i.e. 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine, 5-methylcytidine and 5-methylcytosine). AMC had the highest reactivity to 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine among reactive compounds and had no or very slight cross-reactivity to cytidine-related compounds and any other compounds. Analysis of immunoreactive materials in urine revealed that 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine rather than 5-methylcytidine was, contrary to our expectation, the major component. Then the inhibition ELISA system using AMC was established and urinary levels of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in healthy individuals and cancer patients were determined. The mean excretion levels of healthy individuals was 0.90 +/- 0.43 nmol/mumol creatinine and the cut-off value was set at the mean + 2 S.D. of healthy individuals (1.76 nmol/mumol creatinine). Among various types of cancer tested, elevated levels of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine were detected in leukemia patients. From these results, urinary 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine might be applicable as a biologic marker for leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Thoracoscopic resection of a solitary pulmonary lymphangioma: report of a case.

We present herein the rare case of a young man who was found to have a solitary tumor in the right upper lobe of his lung by a routine chest X-ray. The tumor was removed by thoracoscopic surgery, and pathological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of a primary lymphangioma of the lung. A brief review of the available literature on this extremely rare type of benign tumor follows the case report.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Gene rearrangement studies on lymphoma of the lung: report of a case.

We describe herein how true lymphoma of the lung was differentiated from pseudolymphoma in a 45-year-old woman presenting with pulmonary infiltrates. Although segmental resection revealed typical histologic findings of pseudolymphoma of the lung and immunohistochemical studies did not demonstrate a monoclonal proliferation, Southern blot analysis of the frozen tissue revealed rearrangements in the heavy and light chains of the immunoglobulin gene, with no T-cell receptor gene rearrangement suggestive of a lymphoproliferative disorder. These findings indicate that the identification of gene rearrangement may be utilized to distinguish between true lymphoma and pseudolymphoma.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1995

Effects of a static magnetic field on haemoglobin structure and function.

The exposure of mice to static magnetic fields (MF) of different strengths (1000-4000 G) for 10 min was studied. The effects of these magnetic fields on the function of haemoglobin (Hb), and its conformational stability, auto-oxidation kinetics, bioenergetics and viscosity, and those of different Hb derivatives were investigated. The fractions and concentrations of the inactive Hb pigments (such as methaemoglobin, carboxyhaemoglobin and sulfohaemoglobin) and the active Hb (in the HbO2 form) were determined using a newly developed multi-component spectrophotometric method. The direct effect of magnetic fields of relatively high strengths (3500 and 4000 G) led to different Hb conformations, accompanied by changes in intermolecular interactions represented by the slope of the eta sp/C = F(C) lines and Huggins' constant K', while no measurable change in the intrinsic viscosity [eta] of Hb was observed. These results indicate a lack of changes in the dimensions and shape of the Hb molecule. Study of the kinetics of oxyhaemoglobin auto-oxidation revealed decreases in the auto-oxidation reaction rate of 2-5.9% and 10-17%, under the effect of static MFs of strengths 1000-2500 G and 3500-4000 G, respectively.

Animals↗