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Biomedical subjects

S Aida

Publications and source records attributed to S Aida.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Paget's disease of the esophagus. A case report with review of the literature.

A 59-year-old Japanese man with Paget's disease of the esophagus is reported. The epithelium in the upper-to-middle portion of the esophagus was extensively infiltrated by Paget's cells. There was a minimal submucosal invasive area showing features of undifferentiated carcinoma. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies showed glandular differentiation of the intraepithelial Paget's cells. Electron microscopic study demonstrated distinctive intraepithelial growth of the Paget's cells with the formation of desmosomes with nonneoplastic squamous cells, but there was no definitive evidence of glandular differentiation of the Paget's cells. These findings suggest that the entity in this case was probably adenocarcinoma in situ originating in the components of the esophageal epithelium, such as the intraepithelial or other portions of the esophageal gland ducts, with focal invasion and anaplasia. The additional control study of 154 cases of esophageal carcinoma revealed two other cases showing localized pagetoid extensions.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Mutational analysis of CDKN2 (CDK4I/MTS1) gene in tissues and cell lines of human prostate cancer.

To study mutation of the CDKN2 gene in prostate cancer, samples from 51 Japanese patients and four human prostate cancer cell lines were examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. Only one out of 51 (2%) patients revealed a mutation, which was a 24 bp deletion from the 5'-untranslated region to codon 3, resulting in loss of the initiation site. One of the four cell lines revealed a missense mutation, a GAC-->TAC (Asp-->Tyr) at codon 84. These results indicate that mutation of the CDKN2 gene is rare in prostate cancer and thus does not contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of human prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cell lines may acquire more frequent abnormality of the CDKN2 gene than tumor tissues.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Microsatellite instability and other molecular abnormalities in human prostate cancer.

Microsatellites are highly polymorphic, short-tandem repeat sequences dispersed throughout the genome. Instability of these repeat sequences at multiple genetic loci may result from mismatch repair errors, and occurs in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma and certain sporadic cancers. To examine microsatellite instability during the pathogenesis of human prostate cancer, we screened 48 prostate cancer cases (20 stage B, 10 stage C and 18 endocrine therapy-resistant cancer-death cases) for replication error at 17 microsatellite marker loci on 9 chromosomes. Microsatellite instabilities were found in 7 of 48 cases (14.6%), and all 7 cases showing the instability were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Moreover, microsatellite instabilities were more frequently observed in cancer-death cases (6/18, 33%) than in stage B + C cases (1/30, 3.3%). These data suggest that microsatellite instability is an important genetic change related to the progression of a subset of human prostate cancer cases. It is suggested to be associated with extensive, concurrent molecular changes including androgen receptor gene mutations, as well as frequent loss of heterozygosity at chromosomal regions 8p, 10q, and 16q.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Case report of a malignant Brenner tumor with hyperestrogenism.

A rare malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary presenting with hyperestrogenism in a 79 year old woman was examined immunohistochemically and by light and electron microscopy. High pre-operative serum and urinary estrogen concentrations, low serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and histologically confirmed atypical endometrial hyperplasia suggested the presence of hyperestrogenism. The reduction in serum and urinary estrogen and the increase in serum LH and FSH concentrations after tumor removal confirmed that the tumor was synthesizing estrogen. Histologically, the malignant element was predominantly a squamous cell carcinoma. Transitional cell carcinoma was partially found on the cyst wall. There was a spectrum of morphologic changes between benign and malignant elements with an intermediate area with a proliferating Brenner tumor. Immunohistochemically, only the carcinoembryonic antigen was positive exclusively on the malignant element as well as in the microcyst in the benign epithelial cord, whereas all of the markers for germ cell tumors were negative. The ultrastructural features of the stromal cells were of two types: fibroblasts and steroid-producing cells. The latter type of cells might correspond morphologically to estrogen-producing cells. The present case is the fourth report showing a malignant Brenner tumor combined with apparent hyperestrogenism.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Incidental Lewy body disease in a patient with REM sleep behavior disorder.

We studied an 84-year-old man with a 20-year history of nocturnal violent behavior during sleep, but no other clinically evident neuropsychiatric disorders. Polysomnographic investigations confirmed that he suffered from REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Histopathologic examination revealed he had Lewy body disease with a marked decrease of pigmented neurons in the locus ceruleus and substantia nigra. These histologic findings represent the first documented evidence of a loss of brainstem monoaminergic neurons in clinically idiopathic RBD and suggest that Lewy body disease might provide an explanation for idiopathic RBD in the aged.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Spontaneous regression in a case of primary pulmonary lymphoma with Sjögren's syndrome].

A 62-year-old asymptomatic woman had a nodular shadow approximately 3 cm in diameter in the middle lung field on chest roentgenogram. The shadow gradually grew over 1.5 years. She was then admitted to our hospital for evaluation of the abnormal shadow. Transbronchial biopsy specimens showed a diffuse, small, lymphoid infiltrate with predominance of B-cells. These findings suggested neoplastic proliferation. Further examinations revealed the presence of Sjögren's syndrome. Four months later, she was readmitted for surgical resection. Chest roentgenogram on the second admission disclosed that the mass shadow had shrunk slightly. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen led to the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma, diffuse small cell type (IgG kappa type). Gene analysis revealed the presence of heavy chain gene rearrangements, which confirmed the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. In this case, no contraction or necrosis of the lesion was observed, and the change in the shadow size was probably due to partial or transient spontaneous regression.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Calvarial metastasis of cervical carcinoma showing the dural tail sign on magnetic resonance imaging].

A 42-year-old female was admitted to our department on 3 August, 1993 with a 3-month history of steadily enlarging subgaleal mass (3.2 x 3.0 cm) in the parietal region. She had been doing well following radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma of the uterus one year previously. Neurological examination on admission was negative. Axial T1-weighted MR images showed a low-intensity mass with marked homogeneous enhancement in the area of bone destruction, and a dural tail adjacent to the tumor (flare sign) after Gd-DTPA administration. The tumor was totally resected, and was pathologically diagnosed as a calvarial metastasis of the cervical carcinoma. However, 5 months later the tumor recurred anterior to the site of the resection. Since the dura mater adjacent to the tumor exhibited collagen fiber proliferation, the dural tail sign was appeared to represent a reaction to the tumor. Other calvarial metastatic lesions appeared adjacent to the initial lesion 5 months after the initial lesion was resected, however, suggesting that tumor cell nests were present in the dura mater which exhibited the dural tail sign. Extensive pathological examination of the dura mater appears necessary whenever a dural tail sign is detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cytochrome P450 2B1 immunoreactivity in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells after exposure of rats to ozone.

Pulmonary cytochrome P450 (P450) plays an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. We have previously demonstrated that exposure to ozone (O3), a major oxidant of photochemical smog, increases P450 content and xenobiotic metabolizing activities in the rat lung. Therefore, it is conceivable that O3 exposures modify the pattern and potency of xenobiotic metabolism. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of O3 exposure on localization of P450 in the lung. After exposure of rats to 0.4 ppm O3 for 14 days, the concentration of P450 2B1, the main isozyme of P450 in the lung, increased to 214% of the control value. By immunohistochemical analyses, O3 exposure caused hypertrophy and hyperplasia of P450 2B1-positive non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells, showing an increase in the cell number to 128% of the control level. At the proximal alveoli, O3 exposure induced hypertrophic epithelial cells that presented immunoreactivity to P450 2B1 and morphological characteristics of both type 1 and type 2 cells. These hypertrophic cells had lamellar inclusion bodies, microvilli, and extended cytoplasm. Typical type 2 cells did not react with anti-P450 2B1 antibody even after O3 exposure. These data suggest that O3 exposure may activate the P450-mediated xenobiotic metabolism in the pulmonary epithelial cells, and that expression of P450 2B1 in the pulmonary epithelial cells might be regulated by the factors involved in the process of the differentiation from type 2 to type 1 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Differential regional effects of ketamine on spontaneous and glutamate-induced activities of single CNS neurones in rats.

Ketamine and L-glutamate were applied microiontophoretically to neurones of several central nervous system (CNS) structures in urethane anaesthetized Wistar rats. The spontaneous single-unit activities of all the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurones were suppressed by ketamine in an iontophoretic current-dependent manner. The spontaneous single-unit activities of eight of nine neurones in the thalamus were not affected by ketamine and suppressed in one. Spontaneous neurone activities in the midbrain reticular formation were not significantly affected by ketamine. Spontaneous activities of the cerebellar Purkinje cell were suppressed by ketamine in four of eight neurones. L-Glutamate excited all 13 hippocampal and nine thalamic neurones in a current-dependent manner. L-Glutamate-induced excitation of all CA1, CA3 and thalamic neurones was inhibited by ketamine. The inhibitory effects of ketamine on L-glutamate-induced excitation were dependent on the injection current intensity, although the sensitivity of thalamic neurones to the injection current was approximately three times that of hippocampal neurones. We conclude that the effects of ketamine on spontaneous activities of neurones vary according to the brain region, probably because of the distribution of NMDA receptors. Moreover, the actions of the drug on NMDA receptors appear to differ between the hippocampus and thalamus. These regionally differential actions of ketamine may reflect characteristics of anaesthesia induced by this drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Erb's point stimulation produces slow positive potentials in the human lumbar spinal cord.

Evoked spinal cord potentials (SCPs) were recorded from the posterior epidural space (PES) at the cervical and lumbrosacral enlargements in response to electrical stimulation of the brachial plexus at Erb's point in 17 chronic pain patients. Erb's point stimulation produced slow positive potentials (heterosegmental slow positive potentials, HSPs) in the PES at the lumbrosacral enlargement in all 13 subjects without spinal cord lesions but not in 4 subjects with spinal cord lesions. The HSP1 with a central peak latency of 21 +/- 2 ms (mean +/- SE) was recorded at the stimulus intensity up to two to three times the threshold strength (T) of the initially positive spike (P1) of the segmental SCP, which was simultaneously recorded from the PES at the cervical enlargement. At the stimulus intensity of more than 3T, another slow positive potential (HSP2) with central peak latency of 71 +/- 6 ms was recorded. These slow positive potentials (HSP1 and HSP2) might be produced by a feedback loop via supraspinal structures, presumably primary afferent depolarizations, in comparison to the HSPs of our previous studies in the rat. Slow negative potentials were sometimes noted before (5 of 13) and/or after (2 of 13) the HSP1. These slow negative potentials probably reflect the activities of dorsal horn neurons producing the HSP1 and HSP2, respectively, also elicited by a feedback loop via supraspinal structures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

State of adenomatous polyposis coli gene and ras oncogenes in Japanese prostate cancer.

Genetic alterations of ras oncogenes (K-, H- and N-ras) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in tissues of prostate cancer from Japanese patients were examined using PCR-SSCP (polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism) analysis and direct sequencing. Tissues from 8 cases of untreated stage B prostate cancer surgically removed and from 10 cases of endocrine therapy-resistant metastatic disease obtained at autopsy were used in the present study. In four out of 18 cases (22%), ras point mutations were found, two in either codon 12 or 61 of K-ras and two in either 13 or 61 of H-ras. These point mutations were detected in one of the stage B cases (13%) and in three of the autopsy cases (30%). All these cases were poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In autopsy cases showing ras mutation in cancerous prostate, the same alteration was observed in metastatic tissues. No APC gene mutation was detected in any sample, although polymorphism was found in some cases. These results indicate that ras oncogene mutations are related to the progression of prostate cancer, whereas APC gene alteration is not involved in tumorigenesis and development of this cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Calcitonin inhibits production of immunoglobulins, rheumatoid factor and interleukin-1 by mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: Elcatonin (eCT), an eel calcitonin derivative, is shown to considerably improve the clinical signs and symptoms, as well as laboratory data, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The therapeutic efficacy of eCT, however, is reduced by preceding and/or concomitant use of corticosteroid. Thus the effects of eCT on the production of immunoglobulins, IgMRF and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by mononuclear cells (MNCs)/monocytes were studied, and compared among patients with RA that received three kinds of treatment and also normal volunteers (NV). METHODS: Ten patients with RA had been treated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug only (NSAID group), 11 with oral prednisolone (PSL group), and eight with intramuscular eCT (eCT group). MNCs/monocytes from these patients, and also 10 from the NV group, were collected and cultured. IgG, IgA, IgM, IgMRF, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in the supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the NSAID, PSL and NV groups, eCT was added to the culture medium, and the effects of eCT on production of these substances were studied. RESULTS: Baseline production of IgM, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta by MNCs/monocytes in the eCT and NV groups was significantly lower than that in the NSAID group. Furthermore, addition of eCT to the culture medium significantly inhibited the productions of IgG, IgMRF, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta by MNCs/monocytes in the NSAID group, whereas production of neither IgG, IgA, IgM, IgMRF nor IL-1 by MNCs/monocytes in the PSL and NV groups was affected by eCT. CONCLUSION: eCT may regulate immune responses through MNC/monocyte function in patients with RA. The present results support our proposal that eCT is an effective agent for the treatment of RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1994

Distribution of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor in human lung: immunohistochemical and immunoelectron-microscopic studies.

The distribution of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR) in adult human lung was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. EGF immunoreactivity was observed in secretory granules and endoplasmic reticulum of serous acinar cells of bronchial glands. EGFR immunoreactivity was detected at the cell membrane of the basal cells and the bronchial surface nonciliated cells (indifferent cells) in the bronchus, the nonciliated bronchiolar cells (Clara cells) and the type II pneumocytes in peripheral lung. These results suggest that EGF is secreted into bronchial surface fluid from the bronchial glands and stimulates proliferation and/or differentiation of basal cells and indifferent cells of the bronchus, although the source of EGF responsive to Clara cells and the type II pneumocytes of peripheral lung was not determined.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Primary ovarian lymphoma. A case report.

A 44-year-old woman with stage IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the left ovary is described. She had an extended hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy and thereafter received six courses of combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and predonisolone; CHOP). The patient is well with no evidence of recurrence at 12 months after surgery. The literature on primary ovarian lymphoma is reviewed.

Adult↗