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Biomedical subjects

S Arvidsson

Publications and source records attributed to S Arvidsson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Experience of surgical treatment for chronic pancreatitis during a 10-year period.

Surgical treatment for chronic pancreatitis is performed usually because of severe pain and in case of complications like pseudocysts or obstruction of common bile duct or duodenum. Operative treatment is either ductal drainage or resection. The preoperative evaluation must include determination of operative strategy and ERCP seems to give the best information. In the present study the results of surgical treatment in 50 patients during a 10-year period were studied with a follow-up period with a mean of 76 months (range 6-120 months). Alcoholic abuse was the cause of disease in 30 of the 50 operated patients. In 22 patients ductal drainage was performed and in our experience a better result was achieved with a longitudinal than a distal pancreaticojejunostomy. The best results with resectional procedures were achieved when about 80% of the gland was resected. Pseudocysts were drained internally with good results. Poor results were noted especially in cases with continued alcoholic abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Aminophylline reversal of diazepam sedation.

A double-blind randomised study was performed to investigate whether aminophylline reversed the sedative effect of diazepam. Thirty-two patients undergoing genito-urinary surgery with spinal or topical anaesthesia were given diazepam to maintain a state of deep sedation. Postoperatively patients received either aminophylline (60-120 mg) or physiological saline intravenously. The aminophylline group showed a rapid reversal of sedation, which persisted throughout the observation period of 2 hours. No such effect was seen in the patients who received saline and the difference was still obvious after 2 hours. It is concluded that aminophylline is a potent antagonist to the sedative effect of diazepam.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of dihydroergotamine on the feline cardiovascular response to intravenous infusion of live Escherichia coli bacteria.

A septic shock state was induced in cats by intravenous infusion of live Escherichia coli bacteria. Cats pretreated with an unspecific 5-HT blocker, dihydroergotamine (DHE), or with a specific 5-HT blocker, ketanserin, were compared with a series receiving bacteria without pretreatment. DHE pretreatment prevented the reduction in systemic arterial blood pressure found in the other series during the 2-hour period of septic shock. Pretreatment could not influence the increased vascular resistance in the pulmonary vascular bed or the early increase in pulmonary arterial blood pressure. Peripheral blood flow distribution was studied using radioactive labelled microspheres. Compared to bacteremia without pretreatment, the 5-HT blockers increased CNS blood flow and ketanserin also prevented the reduction in pancreatic blood flow. Gastric blood flow and gastric mucosal blood flow remained unchanged in all series as did the small intestinal total blood flow. Small intestinal mucosal blood flow, however, was reduced after 2 h of bacteremia. Microscopy revealed no gastric epithelial damage while the jejunal mucosa was characteristically damaged. There was no correlation between the changes in the small intestinal blood flow and the degree of mucosal damage, however, supporting the countercurrent theory for the pathogenesis of these lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Acute gastric mucosal ulceration in septic shock. An experimental study on pathogenic mechanisms.

Intravenous infusion of live. E. coli bacteria in cats did not induce microscopic damage to the gastric mucosa within 3 hours. However, if the cats before the induction of bacteremia were given 80 mM HCl and 0.6 ml gallbladder bile/kg b.w. microscopic mucosal damage developed regularly in the corpus-fundus area of the stomach. The gastric mucosal damage was not associated with significant decrease of total gastric blood flow as measured continuously electromagnetically or decreased gastric mucosal blood flow measured early and late during sepsis using radioactively labelled microspheres. Neither was the development of gastric mucosal damage associated with reduced gastric wall collagen concentration nor in RNA, DNA concentrations or RNA/DNA ratio in the gastric mucosa.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

The effect of serotonin inhibition on initial microvessel hemostasis and platelet aggregation in vivo.

The role of serotonin (5-HT) in initial microvascular hemostasis is not fully understood. This study was made to evaluate the effect on hemostatic plug formation and laser-induced arteriolar microembolism of different substances which counteract the effect of 5-HT. Hemostatic plug formation time and stability was measured in the rabbit mesenteric microcirculation and laser-induced embolism in the rabbit ear chamber. Ketanserine, a selective 5-HT2-receptor blocker shortened arteriolar hemostatic plug formation time. Dihydroergotamine, an unselective blocker (with 5-HT-and alpha-adrenergic receptor affinity) increased venular hemostatic plug formation time and also decreased the hemostatic plug stability. Laser-induced platelet embolism was unaltered after both ketanserine and dihydroergotamine administration. The magnitude of these changes seems to exclude an important effect of 5-HT in initial microvessel hemostasis or on platelet activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the feline response to intravenous infusion of live E. coli.

A standardized septic shock was induced in cats by intravenous infusion of a live E. coli bacteria strain. The bacterial infusion induced a rapid haemodynamic response characterized mainly by a pulmonary arterial hypertension and a late phase characterized by systemic hypotension and hypodynamic circulation. Systemic arterial, pulmonary arterial, portal venous, left atrial pressures, max inspiratory-expiratory pressure difference in the trachea, aortic and intestinal blood flows were monitored. Arterial blood samples were taken for recording the number of circulating platelets and white blood cells and for determining the acid-base balance. The effect of pretreatment with ketanserin, a specific 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2)-receptor blocker on these haemodynamic reactions was studied. In short term experiments on non-bacteriaemic control cats, ketanserin prevented the pulmonary hypertension induced by intravenous 5-HT infusions but not the increase in intestinal blood flow. Ketanserin induced a reduction of total peripheral (including intestinal) vascular resistance to blood flow but had no effect on aortic blood flow. After infusion of bacteria, ketanserin pretreated cats were more hypotensive due to a relative peripheral dilatation of the resistance vessels. Ketanserin pretreatment had no effect on the pulmonary vascular reactions, the tracheal pressure difference or the number of circulating platelets or white blood cells. Thus, except for a more pronounced hypotension early after bacterial infusion, ketanserin pretreatment did not influence the haemodynamic response. It is concluded that 5-HT is not of significant importance in the pathogenesis of the haemodynamic reactions following experimental bacteraemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cardiac output measurements with thermodilution and radioactive microspheres. A comparative study in cats.

Thermodilution and radioactive microsphere measurements are both commonly used methods for determination of cardiac output in experimental animals. However, no comparison has been made of these methods for cardiac output determination, which is why this study was made. In cats 65 simultaneous measurements of cardiac output with the two methods were performed. No difference in mean values was found and the coefficient of correlation was 0.955 (P less than 0.001). Only eight out of the 65 measurements differed more than 10%. Thermodilution measurements are suitable for repeated determinations and when immediate data are wanted. On the other hand radioactive microsphere measurements are preferable when data on tissue blood flow and blood flow distribution are desired as well. The high correlation found seems to allow cardiac output measurements with these two methods to be grouped together.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Influence on cerebral blood flow of infusion of sodium bicarbonate during respiratory acidosis and alkalosis in the dog.

In anaesthetized dogs, a mixed acid-base disturbance was induced by adding a pronounced metabolic alkaline to an established respiratory acidosis or alkalosis. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the radioisotope washout method. In the hypocapnic dogs, the addition of metabolic alkalosis did not significantly change cerebral blood flow. In the hypercapnic dogs, the intravenous infusion of alkali led to a substantial reduction of cerebral blood flow, parallelled by a reduction of cerebrovenous oxygen tension. Acid-base analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicated an increased bicarbonate concentration. Hypercapnia is suggested to facilitate the passage of bicarbonate over the blood-brain barrier, leading to cerebral vasoconstriction by means of increased extravascular pH.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗
PubMed1981

Effects on cerebral blood flow of infusion of hyperosmolar saline during cerebral vasodilation in the dog.

In six anaesthetized dogs, cerebrovascular reaction to experimental (plasma osmolality in the range of 350-400 mosm . kg water-1) induced by intravenous infusion of 0.6 M saline was studied. In order to provoke and reinforce any effects from saline passage over the blood-brain barrier, pre-experimental submaximal vasodilation was induced by means of hypercapnia and in some cases haemodilution. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the radioactive gas elimination method. CBF was unaffected by progressive hyperosmolality during a 2-h observation period.

Animals↗