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Biomedical subjects

S Baba

Publications and source records attributed to S Baba.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Role of proliferative activity estimated by bromodeoxyuridine labeling index in determining predictive factors of recurrence in superficial intermediately malignant bladder tumors.

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that factors predictive of tumor recurrence include a history of the disease, multiple tumors at diagnosis, and high tumor grade and stage. Additional biological marker for predicting tumor recurrence could potentially be used in the decision making process and could alter the frequency of clinical cystoscopy. We attempted to clarify whether the tumor proliferative activity estimated by bromodeoxyuridine, which is believed to be a thymidine analogue, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy status correlates well with tumor recurrence as an objective parameter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 103 patients with superficial grade 2 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with transurethral resection. Mean followup plus or minus standard deviation was 49.5 +/- 11.3 months (minimum 36). Tumor specimens were obtained by transurethral cold-cup biopsy, with bromodeoxyuridine in vitro pulse labeling then performed under hyperbaric oxygen. The flow cytometric determination of the bromodeoxyuridine labeled cell index and DNA ploidy were estimated. RESULTS: When the tumor was classified according to the bromodeoxyuridine labeled cell index the 5-year no recurrence rates were 82.0 and 27.1% for an index of less than 5.3 and more than 5.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the 5-year no recurrence rates were 75.1% for DNA diploid compared to 29.3% for DNA aneuploid tumors, respectively. Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model showed that the most important risk factor for tumor recurrence was a bromodeoxyuridine labeled cell index of more than 5.3% (risk ratio 5.31, p < 0.001), followed by DNA ploidy (risk ratio 2.61, p < 0.05). Tumor stage, initial lesion versus recurrence and single versus multiple tumors did not influence the risk factor for tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that bromodeoxyuridine labeling status can be used as an objective risk factor for bladder cancer recurrence.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1996

[The results of p53 immunostaining in colorectal adenomas, early cancers, advanced cancers and their hepatic metastasis].

Overexpression of the p53 protein was analyzed in colorectal adenomas, early cancers, advanced cancers and their hepatic metastasis by immunostaining using monoclonal antibody (DO-7). Positive staining for p53 was detected in 8 (22.9%) of 35 adenomas, 19 (82.6%) of 22 early cancers, and 59 (63.2%) of 95 advanced cancers. In adenomas, p53 immunoreactivity for severe dysplasia was higher than that for mild or moderate dysplasia (3/9.33.3% vs 2/16.12.5% or 3/10.33.3%), we found almost the same p53 immunoreactivity both in early cancers in adenoma (7/8.87.5%) and "de novo" cancers without an adenoma component (12/14. 85.7%). In 95 of advanced cancers, we found p53 positive cells in 33 (76.7%) of 43 cases with hepatic metastasis, against 26 (50.0%) of 52 cases without hepatic metastasis and surviving more than 5 years from the colorectal cancer resection. The former group had a significantly higher incidence of p53 overexpression (p < 0.05). In the 33 above mentioned cases, both primary and liver metastatic lesions were p53 positive, and the others were negative in both of them. In this series, it was suggested that p53 had important roles in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence from adenoma to advanced cancer and its metastatic potential, as well as in "de nove" carcinoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

[Role of tumor marker in the presymptomatic diagnosis of hereditary malignant tumors].

Oncogene is not categorized as a tumor marker in a strict sense, however, cancer related oncogens play an important role as a biomarker in hereditary malignant tumors in a wide sense. Various suppressor oncogenes have been identified in the autosomal dominant hereditary diseases such as APC, in familial adenomatous polyposis, p53 in Li-Fraumeni syndrome and BRACA 1 and 2 in breast cancer. By identifying the mutation site or deletions of germ line, it is possible to make a presymptomatic diagnosis of those hereditary malignant tumors. There is splendid progress in understanding of DNA repair mechanism. Recently, the mismatch repair genes were cloned as a causing gene of HNPCC. There are another group of genes called nucleotide excision repair genes which are causative genes of various autosomal recessive hereditary diseases such as xeroderama pigmentation. Pro and cons of presymptomatic diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis were discussed in a series of 72 patients among 42 family trees.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1996

Foreign bodies in the airway: eighteen-year retrospective study.

Sixty-four cases (male:female = 43:21) with foreign bodies in the trachea and bronchi are reviewed. They had been hospitalized in Nagoya City University Hospital between January 1976 and December 1993. Fifty-four patients (84.2%) were 2 years of age or younger. Peanuts predominated (40 cases; 62.5%) among the foreign bodies. Foreign bodies were found in the right bronchus in 26 patients (40.7%), in the left bronchus in 23, in the trachea in 8, and in multiple regions in 7.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Anatomic variations of the bone in sinonasal CT.

Coronal plane computed tomographic (CT) scanning is important as a preoperative test for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Coronal CT reveals details of mucosal abnormalities and anatomic variations of the bone. In 75 patients, mucosal abnormalities in each paranasal sinus were investigated on CT. The incidence of anatomic variations of the bone such as agger nasi cells, Haller's cells, middle turbinate, pneumatization, paradoxically curved middle turbinate, and uncinate pneumatization were also reported. The incidence of each finding was compared in patients with (chronic sinus group) and without (non-sinus group) symptoms of chronic sinusitis. The incidence of mucosal abnormalities in the anterior ethmoidal sinus was the highest (86.0%) in the chronic sinus group. Although there was no significant difference in the incidence of anatomic variations of the bone between the two groups, some variations were considered pathogenic for chronic sinusitis and recurrence of sinusitis in the chronic sinus group.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Severe perennial allergic rhinitis treated with Nd:YAG laser.

Allergic rhinitis is conventionally treated with anti-histamine or immunotherapy, although in many cases the results are unsatisfactory. Using a contact type Nd:YAG laser we have succeeded in relieving the symptoms of rhinitis by thermocoagulating only the inferior turbinate, making this a quick and effective form of treatment. The subjects were 60 patients with severe house-dust induced allergic rhinitis presented to the out-patient clinic of the ENT department of Nagoya City University Hospital. There were 25 men and 35 women ranging in age from 17 to 53 years. Patients were irradiated at an output of 10 W for 0.5 s for a total of about 386 joules for both nasal cavities. Prior to the procedure, surface anesthesia was applied using 10% cocaine. The irradiation was completed in only one out-patients session. The effects of this therapy were evaluated using 4 points to express the degree of subjective symptoms and intranasal findings. From one week before surgery the patient was asked to record symptoms (sneezing, blowing, blockage) every day, and to continue this recording until 4 weeks after surgery. After surgery no drugs were used. The effects were evaluated by adding up the total scores for sneezing, blowing, and blockage at one week intervals, and comparing the total scores between one week pre-operatively and those 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks post-operatively. Full effect, including disappearance of symptoms, was obtained in 80%, good effect in 10%, fair effect in 5%, and no effect in 5%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Clinical analysis of 592 patients with microtia.

Clinical and statistical analyses were performed on 592 patients who visited our hospital between April 1968 and March 1995. The preponderance in men (64.7%) and right-side (58.4%) was distinct statistically. The material shows that grade III microtia, peanut-shell type, was the most frequent with 56.8%. It is complicated with congenital stenosis or atresia in most cases (92.0%). The degree of anomalies of the auricle and external auditory meatus was generally interrelated. Ten cases of familial microtia were discovered, and all parent-child cases were father-child. About 27.9% of the patients' mothers had had a cold, threatened abortion, gestosis, anemia, etc during their pregnancy. Except for 6 patients with Treacher-Collin's syndrome and 2 patients whose mothers took thalidomide during pregnancy, we could not demonstrate the cause of the microtia, whether general or environmental.

Ear, External↗
PubMed1996

Long-term results of otoplasty for microtia.

We report the results of otoplasty for microtia in 497 ears of 229 patients treated between January 1971 and March 1995. More than 80% of the cases showed satisfactory outcome. Seventy-six ears underwent minor additional surgery. When cartilage exposure occurred because of skin necrosis we used a free skin graft or a pedicled flap or sutured closely.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Mobile tongue reconstruction with the free dorsalis pedis flap.

Reconstruction of the mobile tongue needs soft and thin tissue not to disturb tongue movement, and therefore a free forearm flap has usually been used for this kind of reconstruction. However, it entails a cosmetic problem, especially for young people. We have detained good results with tongue reconstructions using free dorsalis pedis flaps. The donor site of the dorsalis pedis flap is inconspicuous. The dorsalis pedis flap is thin (even among obese persons), has a long vessel pedicle, and stable blood supply. In cases of head and neck reconstruction, two teams can easily operate simultaneously. This flap is not as large as a forearm flap but it is large enough for hemitongue reconstruction. We measured the thickness of the soft tissue of both the dorsalis pedis and the forearm among obese volunteers. Dorsalis pedis was not as thick as the forearm.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Reconstruction using a free jejunal graft for surgery of the hypopharynx and the cervical esophagus in patients with a history of previous upper gastro-intestinal surgery.

Case 1 had undergone surgery for antrum stenosis 20 years earlier as well as subsequent surgery with reconstruction by Billroth II for carcinoma occurring at the anastmotic site. Case 2 had undergone partial resection of the jejunum for injury of the intestine. Case 3 had undergone reconstruction of the thoracic esophagus using the stomach following excision of carcinoma. For these 3 cases, reconstruction using a free jejunal flap was performed and no disturbance was observed at the donor site. These results strongly suggest that reconstruction using a free jejunal graft be used in patients with a history of previous gastro-intestinal surgeries, with careful observation before and during surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Role of fimbriae in adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to pharyngeal epithelial cells.

The adherence of bacteria to mucosal surface constitutes the initial, critical step in colonization and infection. Streptococcus Pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is one of the most important bacteria in tonsillitis and pharyngitis. The mode of the adherence of S. pyogenes to pharyngeal epithelial cells and the morphology of S. pyogenes were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The adherence of S pyogenes to pharyngeal epithelial cells was mediated by the fimbriae radiating from the surface of the bacteria. The M protein-negative (M-) strain had smooth, bare cell walls, whereas the M protein-positive (M+) strain had an exterior covered by hair-like fimbriae.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1996

Investigation of normal bacterial flora in the upper respiratory tract.

To study the bacterial flora in the upper respiratory tract we examined bacteria obtained from the larynx, posterior pharyngeal wall, palatine tonsil and nasal cavity to identify the constitutent strains and check for the existence of beta-lactamase in 37 subjects without infectious otolaryngological disease who underwent surgery with general anesthesia. A tendency toward a decrease with aging in aerobes and an increase in anaerobes was observed. The influence of fibronectin was considered to be one of the reasons for this tendency. beta-lactamase production strains showed a tendency to increase in the age group from 20-49 years and decrease in subjects 50 years and older. The number of constitutent strains in the nasal cavity was less than that in the pharynx, which was considered the result of the mucociliary function as a biophylactic function. Comparing the constitutent strain types in the larynx with those in other areas, the posterior pharyngeal wall showed the highest coincident rate of 70%, Notably, the coincident rate was more than 80% among aerobes. This suggests that causative bacteria can be estimated from pharyngeal culture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Recent trends in clinical isolates from paranasal sinusitis.

Trends in the detection of causative pathogens and changes in bacterial counts in patients with sinusitis treated between January 1989 and December 1993 were investigated. In adult patients with chronic sinusitis, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Corynebacterium sp., Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), and Moraxella catarrhalis were often isolated while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and anaerobic bacteria were detected in 2.4% and 5.3% of patients, respectively. The bacteria isolated from adult patients with acute sinusitis and pediatric patients with either acute or chronic sinusitis were somewhat different from those of adult chronic sinusitis. No bacteria could be isolated from 5.8% of adult chronic sinusitis patients, 8.1% of adult acute sinusitis patients, and 3.1% of pediatric sinusitis patients. The detection rate for anaerobic bacteria has been rising in chronic sinusitis patients owing to improved detection techniques in recent years, while there has been no appreciable change in the isolation rate for other types of bacteria. When the pathogenicity of isolated bacteria was determined based on the amount of bacterial colonization it was found that P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and S. aureus were significant as causative pathogens in sinusitis, while CNS.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1996

Inhibitory activity of clarithromycin on biofilm synthesis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Inhibitory activity of clarithromycin (CAM) on biofilm synthesis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Using scanning electron microscopy it was seen that biofilms on a Teflon sheet with CAM decreased markedly in a dose-dependent manner as compared with a control Teflon sheet without CAM. The quantity of hexose, a key biofilm ingredient, decreased with increasing concentrations of CAM, even though CAM has no direct bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa. The results indicated that CAM inhibits the synthesis of biofilm via inhibition of polysaccharides synthesis. This inhibition of CAM was confirmed at 10 micrograms/ml or higher, levels attainable in human tissue at clinical dosage. We concluded that CAM has a considerable potential in the treatment of intractable infection caused by biofilm.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Inhibitory effect of roxithromycin on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Biofilm formed by bacteria has recently has been shown to be involved in making infectious diseases intractable. We indirectly measured and evaluated the inhibitory effect of roxithromycin (RXM) on biofilm formation on the inside of a plastic test tube by determining the number of living bacteria in the biofilm. As a result, RXM was found to inhibit biofilm formation even though it does not have antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, this inhibitory effect on biofilm formation was observed at in vivo concentrations which are possible in clinical use of RXM. Thus, there is a possibility that RXM is effective against infectious otolaryngological diseases when biofilm formation is likely to be pathologically involved, even if the detected bacteria are not sensitive to the drug.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗