Biomedical subjects

S Baba

Publications and source records attributed to S Baba.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Transitional concentration of antibacterial agent to the maxillary sinus via a nebuliser.

Surface and tissue transitional concentration of 3% FOM aerosol for treatment of paranasal sinusitis was examined in 18 patients (21 sides) who underwent the Caldwell-Luc operation. In this operation, patients have a bony window on the sinus; we therefore investigated the difference of compliance of the maxillary sinus between when we closed the bony window with subcutaneous tissue and when we did it with a silicone sheet before the FOM nebulization. No significance was found in the mean concentration of FOM either at the maxillary sinus surface or in the tissue with or without the use of the silicone sheet. We also examined the concentration using a jet-type nebulizer and an ultra-sonic type nebulizer. Using the ultrasonic-type nebulizer resulted in a higher transitional concentration at two sites of the maxillary sinus surface than when using the jet-type nebulizer. The results suggest that the ultrasonic-type nebulizer is more effective in the treatment of paranasal sinusitis than the jet-type, and that there was no change of maxillary sinus compliance with or without a bony window.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1996

Antimicrobial ear drop medication therapy.

Ear drop medication, which delivers a concentrated drug directly to the lesion, is a useful therapeutic approach in that it provides enhanced efficacy at the affected site while avoiding the side effects accompanying systemic administration of the drug. In the present study we evaluated the effectiveness of three recently developed antibacterial agents with no proven ototoxicity: cefmenoxime (CMX), fosfomycin (FOM), and ofloxacin (OFLX). The bacterial eradication rate, the bacterial persistence rate, and the fungal infection rate were 91.4%, 2.9% and 5.7% for CMX, 71.2%, 20.9% and 7.0% for FOM, and 88.4%, 4.7% and 7.0% for OFLX, respectively. For lomefloxacin (LFLX) (with one week of treatment), the eradication rate and the persistence rate were 80.2% and 19.8%, respectively. It is advisable to limit the duration of treatment with the same otic drug; using the drug for more than 4 weeks at the most should be avoided.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1996

Efficacy of long-term administration of clarithromycin in the treatment of intractable chronic sinusitis.

Long-term erythromycin therapy has been reported as effective in the treatment of various chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic sinusitis. We investigated the clinical efficacy of long-term administration of the erythromycin derivative clarithromycin (CAM) in intractable cases of chronic sinusitis. Forty-five adult patients were treated with dosages of 400 mg/day for 8 to 12 weeks. The results were as follows. i) Improvement of symptoms and rhinoscopic findings was noted in 71.1% of the patients. ii) For periods of up to 12 weeks, clinical efficacy depended upon the duration of treatment. Administration for more than 12 weeks might further improve clinical results. iii) No significant side effects were noted during the course of CAM treatment. On the whole, CAM was at least as effective as erythromycin in the treatment of chronic sinusitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Connection between NO(x) and SO(x) collected from the Japanese cedar tree and Pollinosis.

In this study, substances of air pollution (NO3-, SO4(2-)) which were collected from the surface of the Japanese cedar flowering parts and pollens in one mountainous and two urban areas were measured by ion chromatography monthly from November '87 to March of '88 and '90 to '91. A questionnaire study of nasal symptoms and school physical examinations were performed on about 400 junior high schools students in two districts (urban area and mountainous area) in March '87 and '91. The results of this research are as follows: i) The quantity of NO4 collected from the pollen of Japanese cedars in the urban and municipal park areas was 2.0 and 3.0 times greater, respectively, than in the mountainous area. The respective concentrations of SO2- were 5 and 2 times higher than the concentration in the mountainous area. ii) The results of a questionnaire of nasal symptoms and of the physical examinations at two junior high schools in the different districts showed a lower incidence of pollinosis in the mountainous area than in the urban area. Comparatively, the percentage of pollinosis in the mountainous area rose from 17.0% in 1987 to 25.0% in 1991, corresponding to a similar rise in the number of diesel vehicles running in the area.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1996

Antigenic analysis of Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa using anti-Cry j 1 monoclonal antibodies.

In Japan, pollen of Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa are a yearly source of distress for many people suffering seasonally from allergic rhinitis. To study common epitopes shared by the two species, two monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) were raised against Cry j 1, which is the most predominant allergen in C. japonica. One of the moAbs was found to be reactive even to the major allergen of C. obtusa, demonstrating that the moAb (J1B01) can detect an epitope shared by both species J1B01 strongly inhibited the binding of the major allergens of C. japonica and C. obtusa to IgE of patients who are sensitive to C. japonica and C. obtusa. This finding signifies the importance of the epitope recognized by J1B01.

Allergens↗

PubMed1996

Moth-related antigens contained in the house dust of the Japanese house.

We established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining moth-related antigens in house dust. Samples, biotinated anti-moth antibodies, and horseradish peroxidase labeled streptavidin were reacted with the microplate on which anti-moth rat polyclonal antibodies were absorbed. The concentration of moth antigens was correlated with absorbance in the range from 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml. Cross-reaction with other insect antigens was observed; 10 micrograms of midge antigens and 100 micrograms of mosquito antigens corresponded to 1 microgram of the moth antigens, respectively. With this method, moth-related antigens can be detected in house dust. However, there was no remarkable difference in antigen levels among the three locations examined: a large city, a small town, and a rural area.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Clinical evaluation of histamine release test: a novel method for identifying allergens from the whole blood of allergic patients.

Identification of allergens is necessary for proper treatment of allergic diseases. We have so far mainly used two types of allergen identifying tests, one type based on the quantification of specific serum IgE (e.g. radioallergosorbent test (RAST)), the other on allergen challenging (e.g. prick test, provocation test) for an estimation of immediate allergic reaction. However, with the former test, a high level of serum specific IgE does not necessarily indicate evidence of allergy; the latter type causes itching on the challenged focus and may, in some cases, cause anaphylaxis. The histamine release test using the glass-fiber method (HRT) is based on the measurement of an immediate allergic reaction but can be performed safely in vitro. In this investigation, we measured the reaction of samples taken against 10 allergens simultaneously using HRT with a small amount of peripheral whole blood. HRT showed a high correlation and concordance with the CAP-RAST system. HRT also had a significant correlation with the nasal provocation test, and had good specificity and positive predictive value. With these advantages, HRT is considered to be clinically useful and especially suitable for screening of allergens because of its high specificity and positive predictive value, and also because of its safety and ease of performance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Study on changes in the level of serum IL-4 and soluble CD 23(s-CD23) with immunotherapy in nasal allergy patients.

In type I allergy such as allergic rhinitis, not only immunocytes but also interleukin 4 (IL-4) and other cytokines are significant factors. In the present study we explored the course of change in IL-4 in the sera of allergic rhinitis patients upon immunotherapy. Assays of serum IL-4 were performed by the chemiluminescence sandwich enzyme immunoassay using AMPPD(3-(2'-spirodamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3'-phophoryloxy+ ++) phenyl-1,2-dioxetane). The results indicated that immunotherapy reduced the IL-4 level from the pre-treatment baseline but not significantly. However, as far as good responses to the therapy are concerned a significant decrease in IL-4 was seen, and s-CD23, assayed at the same time, was also significantly decreased by immunotherapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1996

Clinical review of nasal allergy due to fungus.

In our clinic we have encountered nasal allergy due to fungi such as Candida, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. We therefore conducted a retrospective study of patients who consulted our Department between 1984 and 1991. A clinical review of patients who showed a positive skin test for Candida, Aspergillus, or Alternaria was performed. Our study revealed that Alternaria showed the highest ratio of strong positivity upon both RAST and skin test among the three fungi examined. These results led us to reconsider Alternaria as an important fungal antigen.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Elevated levels of soluble Fc epsilon RII/CD23 and antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

To clarify how Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is responsible for Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) we measured both IgG and IgM antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) of EBV in the sera of normal healthy subjects and patients with SjS. Anti-VCA IgG was detectable in all controls and patients however, anti-VCA IgG titers in the sera of SjS patients were significantly higher than those of the controls (p < 0.01). No anti-VCA IgM was detected in the sera of controls whereas anti-VCA IgM was detected in the sera from 10 out of the 13 patients with SjS. This suggests that SjS might be associated with EBV. The serum levels of sCD23 (IgE-binding factor) were also measured to assess the differential state in patients with SjS. The sCD23 level of normal individuals was 211.26 +/- 12.01 micrograms/L (value is mean +/- SE), and was 443.77 +/- 71.94 micrograms/L in the 13 patients with SjS. The mean sCD23 level in the 9 patients with SjS without any complication was 360.67 +/- 35.63 micrograms/L. In the patients with SjS, sCD23 levels were significantly higher than those in the normal individuals (p < 0.01).

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1996

Relationship between head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and fibrinolytic factors. Immunohistological study.

Localization of t-PA, u-PA, PAI-1, PI and TGF-beta within tumors was examined immunohistologically in 31 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck, and correlations between the localization of these factors and local cancer infiltration, tumor size or cervical lymph node metastasis were investigated. The results revealed that u-PA, PAI-1 and PI tend to stain more intensely in infiltrating tumors than in peripheral connective tissue or normal epithelium, whereas neither t-PA nor TGF-beta showed any such tendency. Not all of these fibrinolytic factors participated in lymph node metastases or influenced tumor size in head and neck SCCs. These results suggest a disorder of fibrinolytic systems in carcinoma cells and that u-PA plays a part in the infiltration of head and neck SCCs by degenerating connective tissue.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1996

Studies of succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test with cisplatin encapsulated liposome against cancer cells.

In the present study, by means of encapsulating into liposome, cisplatin was made a soluble capsule, and augmentation of the antitumor effect through the cell affinity of liposome was investigated by chemosensitivity test for cancer cells. Augmentation of the antitumor effect by collaboration of the cell affinity of liposome with the diffusion by concentration gradient was expected. However, although a difference in absorbancy was in fact observed, no statistically significant difference of effect superior to cisplatin alone was observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Histological effect of intranodal injection of the streptococcal preparation OK-432 for cervical lymph node metastases of malignant head and neck tumors.

To investigate the histological effect of intranodal injection of the streptococcal preparation OK-432, we performed intranodal injection in 4 patients with cervical lymph node (CLN) metastases of malignant head and neck tumors (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx, SCC of the parotid gland, malignant lymphoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasal cavity). An initial dose of 5 klinische Einheit (KE) and a maintenance dose of 10 KE of OK-432 were administered into each metastatic or residually involved CLN twice a week. The total dose of OK-432 ranged from 105 KE to 395 KE and the number of administrations ranged from 11 to 40. Post treatment histological examination of excised tissue specimens revealed no tumor cells; there was only fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. These findings suggest that intranodal injection of OK-432 can be utilized for treatment of relatively small CLN metastases of malignant head and neck tumors.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Chemotherapy and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is believed to be useful for shortening the duration of granulocytopenia and for minimizing the decrease in the granulocyte count caused by chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In the present study we investigated the effect of G-CSF on bone marrow suppression caused by chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck. The leukocyte and neutrophil nadirs were significantly higher, while the duration of leukopenia, the time to recovery, and the time to the nadir were significantly shorter when G-CSF was administered prophylactically from 48 h after the completion of chemotherapy than when it was administered after the leukocyte and neutrophil counts had reached nadir. G-CSF had no influence on other blood cell components and caused no severe adverse events.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Final report of a randomized controlled study with streptococcal preparation OK-432 as a supplementary immunopotentiator for laryngeal cancer.

We conducted a randomized controlled study of streptococcal preparation OK-432 on 120 newly identified cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who were registered at 10 participating institutions between November 1984 and October 1989. The patients were divided into two groups: those in early stages (stage I or II) and those in advanced stages (stage III or IV); these groups were further subdivided into an immunotherapy group (receiving OK-432) and a control group (who did not receive OK-432). The usefulness of OK-432 was studied using the sealed envelope method. The basic therapy for all cases was radiotherapy and, when required, surgery. As adjuvant therapy, 5Fu or derivatives were administered to all cases from the beginning of the treatment period to one year after the basic therapy, with the exception of cases in whom side effects were serious enough to contraindicate use of the drug. The target administration period was 5 years. Of the initial 120 cases, 11 cases were disqualified (3 cases of double cancer and 8 of incomplete primary therapy) and the remaining 109 were used for evaluation. The 5-year survival rate and the 5-year recurrence-free rate were 76% and 84%, respectively, in the immunized groups (both the early and advanced groups), whereas the same rates for the control groups were 78% and 75%. There was a tendency for the immunized groups to enjoy a slightly longer recurrence-free period. Over a 24-month observation period the immunized group always had higher levels of peripheral leukocytes and peripheral lymphocytes; this difference was significant for the first 21 months. Inhibition of bone marrow function is sometimes observed with radiotherapy. It is hoped that, if this inhibition can be mitigated, it will be possible to assist the compromised immune system and maintain a certain level of immune performance which will prevent recurrence and improve survival rate. In the present study we observed a tendency of the lower recurrence rate in the immunized group, and we hypothesize that OK-432 is effective in extending the recurrence-free period.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1996

Therapeutic results in 40 patients with tongue cancer.

The therapeutic results in 40 newly diagnosed patients with tongue cancer treated in our department between January 1981 and December 1991 were evaluated. The 5-year survival rate of the 40 patients was 61.4%, and the cumulative 10-year survival rate was 53.7%. The 5-year survival rate in 15 patients who were in Stage I or Stage II was poor at 66.5%, and recurrence by metastasis to cervical lymph nodes was observed in 6 out of 8 patients who underwent surgery alone as the primary treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Tracking of hypopharyngeal carcinoma over 10 years.

Between September 1981 and July 1991 we treated 27 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. Almost all of the patients in the early stages received radiotherapy only, while patients in advanced stages received combination therapy involving chemotherapy, surgery and/or radiotherapy. Since 1987, chemotherapy has often been used to treat hypopharyngeal carcinoma in our department. Twelve patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and/or radiotherapy. The 3-year survival rate for patients in the advanced stage treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was 16.7% by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the 5-year survival rate of those treated without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was 45.8%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 37.0%.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Smooth pursuit eye movements elicited by pseudorandom target motion in normal subjects.

The purpose of this study was to determine which test conditions are appropriate for clinical examination of predictive control ability in smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM). A combination of sinusoidal and pseudorandom target motion was employed to examine SPEM. Pseudorandom waves were generated by summing sinusoidal components spaced at 0.05 Hz intervals over three frequency ranges: 0.05 to 0.5 Hz, 0.05 to 1 Hz and 0.05 to 1.5 Hz. The peak amplitude of the resultant target waveform was set at 30 degrees. Testing was performed with 8 normal subjects. The results indicate a SPEM gain of 0.9 for 0.05-0.5 Hz, 0.7 for 0.05-1 Hz and 0.3 for 0.05-1.5 Hz. It is concluded that the pseudorandom wave of 0.05 to 1 Hz in frequency range is most suitable for clinical use.

Adult↗