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Biomedical subjects

S Baba

Publications and source records attributed to S Baba.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Functional abnormalities of sinusoidal endothelial cells in rats with acute liver rejection.

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) function in acute liver rejection with respect to receptor-mediated endocytosis. Orthotopic rat liver transplantation was performed in Lewis rats grafted with DA livers and in Lewis rats grafted with Lewis livers as rejectors and controls, respectively. Animals were killed at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after the operation. Fc receptors (FcRs) were histochemically stained on frozen liver sections by applying peroxidase-antiperoxidase IgG complex as a ligand, and the FcR activity, i.e., capacity of binding the ligands represented by the FcR staining intensity, was semiquantitatively analyzed as an indicator of SEC function. The serum level of hyaluronic acid, which is specifically cleared from the circulation by receptor-mediated SEC endocytosis, was also assayed, along with the total serum bilirubin. Three days after the operation, the SECs of rejectors showed a significantly weaker FcR staining intensity of about half the value of that seen in the controls (P < 0.05), and staining disappeared after 5 days (P < 0.01). The decrease of FcR staining intensity, i.e., FcR activity, showed a correlation with elevation of the serum hyaluronic acid level (r = -0.77; P < 0.001). Histological evidence of endothelialitis and a significant elevation of total serum bilirubin (P < 0.01) were also present at 3 and 5 days, respectively. These results suggest that impairment of the endocytic function of SECs occurs at an earlier phase of acute liver rejection when compared with development of abnormalities of traditional indicators. Determination of receptor-mediated SEC endocytic functions may thus provide useful information for the early diagnosis of acute rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A new scoring system based on the histological behavior and proliferative activity of tumor cells for grading the malignant potential of bladder cancers.

Urothelial cancer can be considered to consist of a spectrum of diseases with diverse natural histories and the conventional morphological classifications provided by classical histology remain the basis for any decision-making process. The proliferative rate of the tumor cells may be significant since the rate of DNA synthesis is directly related to the rate of tumor growth or tumor involvement. We have previously reported that flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) bivariate analysis can provide important information about the malignant potential of bladder cancer. In the present study, we have formulated a new system based on the histological grade and tumor proliferative activity determined by the BrdU labeling index. An attempt has been made, moreover, to investigate whether this grading system can be used to determine the malignant potential of bladder cancers. A total of 86 patients with bladder tumors, histologically proven to be transitional cell carcinomas, were analyzed. Immediately after removal of tumor specimens, in vitro BrdU labeling was performed. Multivariate survival analysis was conducted using Cox's regression model, followed by estimation of the risk ratio for survival. Based on the risk ratio of the histological grade and the BrdU labeling index, a score ranging from 1 to 52 was assigned to each tumor. Forty-four patients with a score of 1 had a 100% survival rate at 3 years, compared with 42.9% for patients having a score greater than 1. Conversely, 26 patients with the highest score, 52 exhibited a survival rate of only 17.3% at 3 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1994

Heart disease deaths in a Japanese urban area evaluated by clinical and police records.

BACKGROUND: By national statistics, Japanese ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality is one of the lowest of all industrialized countries, and the proportion of deaths due to heart failure in heart disease is the highest. There may be a difference in diagnostic preference between Japan and other industrialized countries. METHODS AND RESULTS: IHD deaths according to the death certificates were reevaluated with World Health Organization MONICA criteria for those 25 to 74 years old by use of clinical and police records in a Japanese city with a population of 347,000. Their cause of death was given on the death certificates as IHD (International Classification of Diseases [ICD], ninth revision, codes 410-414), heart failure (428), or other heart diseases (393-405, 415-427, 429) in 1984 through 1986. Some deaths in 1985 through 1986 from stroke (430-438) or other diseases (250, 272, 278, 440-448, 797-799) were added. Of 409 subjects, 397 (97%) could be examined. Reevaluation of the 106 deaths originally diagnosed as IHD yielded 73 IHDs and 11 sudden deaths of unknown origin (SD), and reevaluation of 160 deaths originally called heart failure yielded 26 IHDs and 50 SDs. In total, reevaluation of all 397 deaths yielded 101 IHDs and 69 SDs. Some 88% of SD cases were originally certified as heart failure (72%) or IHD (16%). Only two SDs were originally certified as stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Assuming that 30% of SDs were due to IHD, the number of IHD deaths would be 122, which is 11% larger than the number of IHD deaths according to the death certificates. After reevaluation, the IHD mortality in this study area still was the lowest in the industrialized countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Unusual combination of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with transient-pituitary-isolated gonadotropin deficiency.

We report a 27-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and transient-pituitary-isolated gonadotropin deficiency. He had typical diabetic symptoms, and loss of libido of a 6-month duration. Although antibodies to islet cells or islet cell surface were not detected in his sera, daily urinary excretion of c-peptide immunoreactivity was extremely low, and antibodies to the pituitary AtT-20 cell were detected. The plasma responses of gonadotropin to a single and a repetitive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone were extremely low, whereas testosterone concentrations in the serum and urine were low normal. After 6 months, the gonadotropin deficiency and loss of libido were not detected and antibodies to the AtT-20 cell was negative. We suspected that both insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and transient-gonadotropin-deficiency might be an autoimmune mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of fructooligosaccharides on the absorption of magnesium in the magnesium-deficient rat model.

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential dietary element that plays important roles, acting as a cofactor of many enzymes. Rats fed a Mg-deficient diet have been reported to exhibit auricular and facial peripheral hyperemia and hemorrhage. Moreover, increased intake of calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) has been reported to impair apparent absorption of Mg. We tried to induce such typical inflammation in Mg-deficient rats by feeding low-Mg, high-Ca, and high-P diets. Increasing concentrations of Ca or P in the experimental diets significantly decreased the apparent absorption of Mg. And all rats fed the low-Mg (0.25 mg/g diet), high-Ca (10.4 mg/g diet), and high-P (12.0 mg/g diet) diet exhibited auricular and facial peripheral-hyperemia and hemorrhage. Then, we used the low-Mg, high-Ca, and high-P diet to investigate the effects of the fructooligosaccharides (FO) on absorption of Mg and skin inflammation. In the rats fed FO-containing (1 or 5%) diet, apparent absorption of Mg was significantly increased as compared with that of the control (FO 0%) group. In the rats fed a 5% FO-containing diet and sufficient Mg (0.50 mg/g), auricular and facial peripheral hyperemia and hemorrhage were significantly reduced. We concluded that FO increased the Mg absorption in rats fed a low-Mg, high-Ca, and high-P diet. Moreover, FO reduced inflammation in Mg-deficient rats, such as peripheral hyperemia and hemorrhage.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Localized aerosol hyperthermia in patients with nasal allergy.

A double-blind study was performed to evaluate the efficacy, the safety and the usefulness of localized aerosol hyperthermia (LAH) in 57 patients with nasal allergy. We used two localized aerosol hyperthermia devices, the equipment (AH) with an insufflated aerosol of 43 degrees C and a placebo device (PH) with aerosol of 32 degrees C. In the evaluation of clinical efficacy, efficacy rates were 46.4% in AH and 3.7% in PH during 2 weeks, respectively, and 53.3% in AH and 7.7% in PH during 4 weeks, respectively. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the two treatment groups. The usefulness rates were 63.3% in AH and 7.4% in PH for patients with nasal allergy, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). No patients dropped out of the study due to adverse effects. These results suggest that the LAH is a very useful instrument for the treatment of nasal allergy.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1994

[A case of neurofibromatosis with occlusion of multiple cerebral artery, moyamoya phenomenon and scoliosis].

Cases of cerebrovascular occlusive lesion with neurofibromatosis have rarely been reported. We report here, the case of a 57-year-old woman who twice had sudden onset of brain hemorrhage. She had a family history of neurofibromatosis. Her elder daughter and her niece had a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis and examination showed café au lait spots and neurofibroma over the body, accompanied with scoliosis. CT scans revealed subependymal hemorrhage at the first onset of cerebral bleeding and secondly showed a high-density mass at the left basal ganglia. SPECT(99mTC-HMPAO) showed decreased activity in the left frontal and temporal lobe. Angiogram revealed multiple occlusive lesions of the cerebral arteries, including occlusions of the bilateral anterior cerebral artery and the right middle cerebral artery at the proximal portion and stenosis of the left posterior artery at the proximal portion. Abnormal vascular networks (so called Moyamoya phenomenon) at the base of the brain were also seen bilaterally. Seizinger and others have found a genetic locus of this disease in the use of genetic engineering, and Riccardi showed that mast cell is related to the tumorous growth of neurofibroma and suggested a possibility of medical treatment for growing neurofibroma by stabilizing mast cell function with ketotifen. We anticipate the treatment for this disease will be established in recent years.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1994

Health and culture in urban planning.

Rapid change, driven mainly by business and technology, has transformed our understanding of health and living conditions in recent decades. Experiments in urban development in Japan are bringing together technology, quality of life, culture and business to satisfy the needs of human health and well-being.

Culture↗
PubMed1994

[Congenital ureteral valves: report of 2 cases].

Congenital ureteral valves have not been a well recognized condition for the cause of ureteral obstruction. In our first case a 21-year-old male presented with left flank pain. Intravenous urography showed left mild hydronephrosis due to upper ureteral obstruction. Partial ureteral resection and re-anastomosis was performed. Histology demonstrated mucosal folds with smooth muscle. In our second case a 12-year-old boy presented with left flank pain. Retrograde pyelogram showed a fold-like filing defect which suggested ureteral valve. Endoscopical valve resection through nephrostomy was performed. Optimal management and diagnostic difficulties were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of pancreatic polypeptide family peptides on feeding and learning behavior in mice.

We studied the effects of intra-third cerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) on the locomotor activity and the feeding and learning behavior of mice. NPY (0.3-10 micrograms), PYY (0.1-10 micrograms) and PP (3.0-10 micrograms) produced significant increases in locomotor activity. A significant decrease was then observed 15 min after administration of 10 micrograms of PYY. NPY, PYY and PP significantly increased food intake at 20 min and this effect continued for 2 to 4 hr at the high doses. The feeding response to PP family peptides were quite similar to that in locomotor activity with respect to dose-response, time course and peptide specificity. Learning behaviors were evaluated at three different stages of memory processing, acquisition, consolidation and retrieval, in a battery of step-down type passive avoidance tests. NPY and PYY had no effect on acquisition, but significantly improved consolidation at a dose of 0.03 and 0.3 microgram, respectively. NPY also improved retrieval at a dose of 0.03 microgram. The ranking order of potency in stimulating feeding and locomotor activity was PYY > NPY > PP, and in improving memory consolidation NPY > PYY >> PP. These observations suggest that NPY and PYY influence different neural substrates in the brain involved in feeding and learning.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Fatty acid compositions of plasma lipids in atopic dermatitis/asthma patients.

The proportions of linoleic acid in total plasma lipids and phospholipids were significantly greater and those of oleic acid were lower in pre-puberal and puberal atopic patients as compared with age-matched healthy controls. The n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio of the triacylglycerol fraction was also lower in atopic patients. However, no significant decreases in the proportions of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were observed in plasma lipids of atopic patients, suggesting that delta 6-desaturase activity is not impaired in atopic patients. We provide an explanation for the beneficial effects of raising the n-3/n-6 ratio of dietary oils in the context of suppressing allergic hyper-reactivity in humans.

Adolescent↗