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Biomedical subjects

S Baba

Publications and source records attributed to S Baba.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Cholecystokinin octapeptide analogues suppress food intake via central CCK-A receptors in mice.

To examine the mechanism of the satiety-producing effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the central nervous system, we compared the potency of intraperitoneally (ip) or intracerebroventricularly (icv) administered CCK-8 and its analogues on food intake in fasted mice. The icv administration of a small dose of CCK-8 (0.03 nmol/brain) or of Suc-(Thr28, Leu29, MePhe33)-CCK-7 (0.001 nmol/brain) suppressed food intake for 20 min, whereas CCK-8 (1 nmol/kg, which is equivalent to 0.03 nmol/brain) or Suc-(Thr28, Leu29, MePhe33)-CCK-7 (1 nmol/kg) had satiety effect after ip administration. Dose-response studies indicated the following rank order of potency: Suc-CCK-7 > or = Suc-(Thr28, Leu29, MePhe33)-CCK-7 > or = CCK-8 > or = (Nle28,31)-CCK-8 >> desulfated CCK-8 = CCK-4 = 0 in the case of ip administration and Suc-(Thr28, Leu29, MePhe33)-CCK-7 >> Suc-CCK-7 > or = CCK-8 > or = (Nle28,31)-CCK-8 >> desulfated CCK-8 = CCK-4 = 0 in the case of icv administration. The selective CCK-A receptor antagonist MK-329 reversed the inhibitory effect of the centrally as well as peripherally administered CCK-8, or of Suc-(Thr28, Leu29, MePhe33)-CCK-7, whereas the selective CCK-B receptor antagonist L-365260 did not. The icv administered CCK-8 did not appear in the peripheral circulation. These findings suggest the participation of CCK-A receptors in the brain in mediating the satiety effect of CCK and the difference in CCK-A receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Correlation between tumor proliferation and tumor tissue level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator.

We established a xenotransplanted human colon cancer strain, TK-3, which produces urokinase-type plasminogen activator (U-PA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) simultaneously. Immunohistochemical staining of U-PA revealed that U-PA was located in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Using TK-3, we investigated whether the tissue level of U-PA changed when the tumor proliferated locally. The mice were divided into three groups: mice of group A, B and C were sacrificed at 4, 5 and 6 weeks after tumor inoculation, respectively. The tissue level of U-PA was 0.78 +/- 0.183 ng/mg protein in group A, 0.95 +/- 0.189 in group B and 1.13 +/- 0.311 in group C. The values of groups B and C increased significantly compared with those of group A, and the tumor weight in each group showed a similar increase. The level of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 also increased (0.14 +/- 0.078 ng/mg protein in group A, 0.17 +/- 0.096 in group B, 0.24 +/- 0.172 in group C). On the other hand, the tissue level of CEA did not change significantly (78 micrograms/g tissue in group A, 88 in group B, 76 tissue in group C), and no correlation was observed between the tissue levels of U-PA and CEA. These results suggest that U-PA plays an important role not only in metastasis, but also in local tumor proliferation, and that its biological action in the autocrine system is independent of CEA.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of reduced alcohol consumption on blood pressure in untreated hypertensive men.

Fifty-four untreated, mildly hypertensive men whose daily alcohol consumption was > or = 28 ml ethanol and who drank at least 4 times per week took part in a randomized, controlled crossover trial. The purpose of the trial was to test the effects of alcohol reduction on blood pressure. After a 2-week familiarization period, the participants were assigned to either a reduced alcohol drinking group or a usual drinking group for 3 weeks (experimental period 1). The situation was then reversed for the next 3 weeks (experimental period 2). The participants were requested to limit their daily alcohol consumption to zero or reduce it as much as possible for the reduced alcohol consumption period. The self-reported alcohol consumption was 56.1 +/- 3.6 (SEM) ml/day during the usual alcohol drinking period and 26.1 +/- 3.0 ml/day during the period of reduced alcohol consumption. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the intervention group were found by analysis of variance to be significantly lower (2.6-4.8 and 2.2-3.0 mm Hg, respectively) than those in the control group during experimental period 2 for systolic blood pressure and experimental period 1 for diastolic blood pressure. Significant (3.6 mm Hg) and nonsignificant (1.9 mm Hg) decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, were observed. The method of Hills and Armitage was used, reducing ethanol in daily alcohol consumption by 28 ml. The lowering effect of reduced alcohol consumption on blood pressure was independent of changes in salt consumption, which were estimated by 24-hour urine collection and body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Associations of serum total cholesterol, different types of stroke, and stenosis distribution of cerebral arteries. The Akita Pathology Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The relation between serum total cholesterol levels and stroke is controversial. The Akita Pathology Study provides data on the association of serum total cholesterol, different types of stroke, and distribution of stenosis in cerebral arteries. METHODS: The data are based on 750 autopsied men aged 30 years and older who were admitted to a local hospital in northeast Japan between 1966 and 1984. The overall autopsy rate was 88%. The grade of stenosis in the cerebral arteries was determined blindly by one pathologist using Baker's method for basal cerebral arteries (atherosclerosis scores) and using microscopic examination of a single basal ganglion slide for the intracerebral penetrating arteries (arteriolosclerosis scores). RESULTS: The age-adjusted mean value of serum total cholesterol concentration was 164 mg/dL for cerebral hemorrhage, 177 mg/dL for infarction in penetrating artery regions, and 200 mg/dL for infarction in cortical artery regions. Mean serum cholesterol was lower in deaths caused by cerebral hemorrhage than in those caused by myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular disease. Mean atherosclerosis score of basal cerebral arteries was low for cerebral hemorrhage, intermediate for penetrating artery infarction, and high for cortical artery infarction. Stenosis of both basal and penetrating arteries was minimum or absent in cases of cerebral hemorrhage. Only the basal arteries were stenotic in cases of cortical artery infarction, whereas both basal and penetrating arteries were stenosed in cases of penetrating artery infarction. There were positive associations of serum cholesterol with stenosis of basal and penetrating arteries. Among cases of cerebral hemorrhage, serum total cholesterol levels were even lower in men with no significant stenosis in either basal or penetrating arteries than in men with stenosis in either type of artery. CONCLUSIONS: The association of serum cholesterol with pathogenesis varies among stroke types. Elevated serum cholesterol levels were associated with the presence of cortical artery infarction, while low serum cholesterol levels were associated with cerebral hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Plasma and cerebroventricular fluid levels of pancreatic polypeptide in the dog: effects of feeding, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and physical exercise.

We investigated the penetration of plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) into the third cerebral ventricular fluid (CSF) of dogs. Plasma and CSF levels of PP were measured by RIA during the iv infusion of PP and during such stimuli as eating, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and physical exercise. Plasma and CSF levels of insulin and glucose were also measured and compared during eating and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plasma glucose increased after feeding and decreased after insulin injection, followed by a corresponding change in CSF glucose without an apparent time lag. CSF insulin insignificantly increased after feeding and the injection of insulin, while CSF PP did not increase despite the marked elevation of plasma PP in response to these stimuli. CSF PP did not increase after the infusion of exogenous PP. Strenuous exercise, however, evoked an increase in both plasma and CSF PP levels; the CSF response was prompt, but more prolonged than that of plasma, suggesting the slow removal of PP from CSF. We conclude that 1) PP and insulin in CSF do not appear to play a major role in the short term regulation of food intake and acute changes in energy metabolism; and 2) PP, probably after entering the brain, may modulate brain function in such physiological situations as strenuous exercise.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pulsed dye laser lithotripsy for ureteral stone fragmentation.

The efficacy of the second generation dye-laser lithotriptor (Pulsolith) with high power output was studied in 35 patients with ureteral stones. Ninety per cent of the calcium oxalate monohydrate stones were fragmented, although it required more total energy as compared to that delivered to calcium oxalate dihydrate or phosphate stones. Cystine stones remain resistant to dye-laser lithotripsy. The calculi including cystine stone were immersed in rifampicin or tetracycline solutions and the effect of optical coupling on fragmentation efficacy was measured in vitro. The optical coupling seemed to improve photo-acoustic effect, but the fragmentation rate for cystine stones remained only 10 per cent of that for calcium oxalate.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1993

Counting diabetes in the next millennium. Application of capture-recapture technology.

Monitoring diabetes is critical for our understanding of the etiology and natural history of disease and for public health actions. However, traditional methods for monitoring are either too expensive (e.g., IDDM registries, NIDDM-OGTT prevalence surveys) or too inaccurate (routinely collected data or passive surveillance) for broad accurate, national programs for monitoring the incidence and prevalence of disease. We suggest that one technology called capture-recapture would considerably increase our ability to "count" diabetes, both nationally and globally. Implementation of this approach could lead to accurate inter- and intracountry data on rates of disease. Moreover, such tracking of diabetes could serve as the model for the monitoring of all disease in the 21st century and beyond.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Long-term results and risk factors of tumor recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer who were treated by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation].

An evaluation was made of the long-term results and risk factors of tumor recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer who were treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and who had a mean follow-up period of 57 months. Eligible for the study were a total of 102 patients who were treated by transurethral resection of tumors and were considered to be free from tumor from 1984 to 1989. A suspension containing 80 mg Tokyo 172 strain BCG in 50 ml normal saline was given intravesically to 50 patients once a week for six weeks without further maintenance instillation. To the other 52 patients was additionally given monthly intravesical BCG instillation for 12 months. The actuarial nonrecurrent rates according to sex, different BCG treatment protocol, tumor grade, tumor status including primary or recurrent tumors, and solitary or multiple tumors were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. The estimated three-, five- and seven-year actuarial nonrecurrent rates in all 102 cases were 77.3%, 68.5% and 60.6%, respectively. When nonrecurrent rates were compared to tumor characteristics, no statistically significant differences were observed between primary and recurrent tumors or between solitary and multiple tumors estimated by generalized Wilcoxon method. On the other hand, when nonrecurrent rates were compared with tumor grades, grade 3 tumor showed a 40.0% three-year nonrecurrent rate. The differences between grade 3 and grade 1 and between grade 3 and grade 2 were statistically significant (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1993

Influence of gravity on the eye movement response elicited by periodic lateral linear acceleration.

Periodic linear acceleration elicits eye movements in human beings. This is generally considered to be the result of the otolithic-ocular reflex (OOR). However, otolith organs respond not only to the resultant inertial force caused by head motion, but also to the gravitational force. We investigated the influence of the resultant gravito-inertial vector on the OOR using a linear acceleration sled. Subjects were 10 healthy volunteers. The sled moving back and forth parallel to the lateral head axis stimulated the subjects. We tested each subject in 7 different positions in the pitch plane. Horizontal eye movements with nystagmic patterns were elicited by these stimuli. The results indicate that the responses were larger in the forward tilted positions than in the backward tilted positions. It can be concluded that the horizontal OOR is influenced by the gravity vector. The cause of this phenomenon is still unclear. However, it could be closely related to the nystagmus observed during off vertical axis rotation.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1993

Neutrophil responses induced by formyl and acetyl peptides with the N-terminal sequence of the calpain small subunit.

A series of formylated and acetylated peptides with the amino terminal sequence of the small subunit of human calpains were prepared and their neutrophil activating potency was examined. Formyl peptides showed dose-dependent superoxide generation and elastase/myeloperoxidase releasing activity in addition to chemotactic activity whereas acetyl peptides showed only chemotactic activity and neither superoxide generation nor degranulation activity was detected. These results imply that acetyl peptides from the calpain small subunit might be moderate neutrophil chemotactic factors which do not produce bacteriocidal and cytotoxic effects.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1993

Mutational heterogeneity among individual tumors in a case of multiple primary malignancy of the colon.

c-Ki-ras mutations were analyzed from quintuple colon tumors in a 75-year-old patient with no family history of colon cancer. Polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA was sequenced for mutations in c-Ki-ras exon 1. Detected mutations were confirmed with allele-specific PCR which amplified only mutant sequences. Five tumors were histopathologically diagnosed as: adenoma with moderate atypia, adenoma with moderate atypia bearing a focal cancer, adenoma with severe atypia bearing a focal cancer, intramucosal carcinoma, well differentiated adenocarcinoma (advanced). Transitions, G-A, were found at the second base of codon 12 for the adenoma with severe atypia bearing a focal cancer and for the well- differentiated adenocarcinoma. The same substitution was found at the second base of codon 13 in the adenoma with mild atypia bearing a focal cancer. No base substitution at codon 12 or 13 was found for the intramucosal carcinoma nor for the adenoma with moderate atypia. These findings demonstrated there to be heterogeneous genetic and histopathological alterations in the individual tumors of the present case of synchronous malignancy of the colon.

Adenine↗
PubMed1993

[Anxiolytic effect of preoperative showing of "anesthesia video" for surgical patients].

Over 60% of preoperative surgical patients are reported to suffer from preoperative anxiety. Since 1986, an anesthesia video, explaining our routine anesthesia procedures has been shown to elective surgical patients preoperatively at our clinic. In 1990, as our anesthesia method was modified, we revised this video and evaluated the effect of this video on their preoperative anxiety. Female patients, in general, have much more anxiety than male patients, and the female patients of 30-59 years of age were the most anxious about their surgical operations not about anesthesia per se. The patients who were to undergo a major surgery, such as gynecological patients also belonged to the most anxious patient group. After demonstrating the video any patient group including gynecological patients of 30-59 years of age was less anxious about the upcoming anesthesia and surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Experimental studies on the relation of platelet activating factor (PAF) to high mortality in sublethal endotoxemia after massive hepatectomy and effects of its antagonist].

The effects of platelet activating factor antagonist (PAF-A) for sublethal endotoxemia after 70% or 84% hepatectomy in rats were studied. Endotoxin of 1mg/kg b.w. was intravenously given once on the first, third or fifth day hepatectomy. One week survival rates of 84%-hepatectomized rats with endotoxin injection on the third postoperative day was the lowest at 20%, and the lowest survival rate improved to 80% with PAF-A administration. Pathophysiology of PAF-A treated and nontreated rats with endotoxemia was investigated on the third day after 84% hepatectomy. There was no significant difference in SGOT, SGPT and blood glucose level between the two groups. PAF-A nontreated rats' prothrombin time was prolonged (p < 0.05) and serum fibrinogen level significantly decreased (p < 0.01), compared to treated rats. Platelet count distinctly decreased in both groups. Fibrin was pathologically proved in the glomeruli of the kidney in both groups. However, single cell necrosis of hepatocytes was significantly reduced by PAF-A administration. Rats without PAF-A had bloody ascites in 75% of cases and showed shock and pathologically pulmonary congestion. PAF may be related to DIC, shock, bloody ascites and high mortality rate in sublethal endotoxemia after massive hepatectomy. PAF-A was significantly effective for endotoxemia after hepatectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Tissue and serum levels of 5-FU in the patients with head and neck malignant tumors--influence of a streptococcal preparation OK-432].

Concentrations of Tegafur, 5-FU, and Uracil were measured in the tissues and serum of 32 patients with malignant head and neck tumors after administration of UFT or UFT and OK-432. Of the 32 patients, 15 patients were treated with UFT alone and 17 patients with a combination of UFT and a clinical dose of OK-432. The level of 5-FU was higher in the tissues and serum in the patients who received the combined administration of UFT and OK-432 than in those the received UFT alone. In particular, levels of 5-FU in tumor tissue and metastatic lymph node tissue were higher than 0.05 micrograms/g even 14.6 hours after the last administration of UFT. No significant undesirable interactions between UFT and OK-432 were exhibited during combination therapy of these agents in clinically administered doses. From our satisfactory results, clinical cures would be expected by the combined immuno-chemotherapeutic action of these agents.

Adult↗