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S Baba

Publications and source records attributed to S Baba.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic action of cholecystokinin and caerulein in the isolated perfused rat pancreas.

The effect of pure natural porcine cholecystokinin (CCK) and synthetic caerulein on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretion was investigated in the isolated perfused rat pancreas in the presence of physiological concentrations of glucose. CCK (0.25 mU/ml) or caerulein (0.01 ng/ml) potentiated the insulin secretion induced by 5.6 mM glucose; a significant increase in pancreatic exocrine secretion was also observed at these doses of CCK or caerulein. Further increases in the concentration of CCK (0.25 to 1 mU/ml) or caerulein (0.01 to 1 ng/ml) resulted in dose-dependent increases in both insulin and pancreatic exocrine secretion. The effectiveness of CCK and caerulein as insulinotropic agents depended on the glucose concentration; they were more effective at higher concentrations of glucose. Thus, CCK or caerulein significantly and coincidentally stimulated both insulin secretion and pancreatic exocrine function if 5.6 mM or more glucose is present, whereas in previous studies using 2.8 mM glucose, stimulation of insulin secretion was elicited only with concentrations of the peptides supramaximal for an effect on pancreatic exocrine secretion. CCK may contribute to the entero-insular axis.

Amylases↗
PubMed1982

Modulation of somatostatin release by endogenous glucagon and insulin: physiological relationship between A, B and D cells in rat pancreatic islets.

In order to understand the physiological role of endogenous insulin or glucagon in somatostatin release, isolated rat pancreatic islets were treated with antiinsulin or antiglucagon antiserum in the presence of physiological amounts of glucose. The release of somatostatin was unchanged by treatment with antiinsulin antiserum which neutralized insulin released by 3.3, 8.3 and 16.7 mM of glucose. However, somatostatin release after treatment with antiglucagon antiserum was much reduced at all concentrations of glucose when compared with the release from control serum. Exogenous rat insulin (0.11, 1.11 micrograms/ml) had no effect, but exogenous glucagon (1, 5 micrograms/ml) resulted in a significant increase. Somatostatin release was stimulated by glucose, but the effect was insignificant. These results clearly indicate the physiological role of endogenous glucagon in the modulation of somatostatin release from the islets of Langerhans. Furthermore, the physiological relationship between A, B and D cells may be mediated through the paracrine mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Protection by nicotinamide against streptozotocin-induced reduction in pancreatic TRH.

The concentration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) immunoreactivity was determined in pancreatic islets and acini in the rat. In addition, time-course changes in TRH in response to an iv injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight) with or without nicotinamide (500 mg/kg body weight) were examined in the whole pancreas. Furthermore, pancreatic TRH was measured in diabetic rats treated with insulin for 3 weeks. The TRH concentration in rat islets was 42-fold higher than in exocrine glands, indicating that the majority of pancreatic TRH is of islet origin. The mean concentration of pancreatic TRH decreased to 60 and 65% of the respective control values at 4 and 7 h after administration of streptozotocin, respectively. AT 24 h, it fell to 10% of control values without significant changes in TRH levels in the hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, no significant change in pancreatic TRH was noted in rats given combined treatment with streptozotocin and nicotinamide. The injection of streptozotocin alone resulted in severe hypoglycaemia at 7 h and hyperglycaemia at 24 h, whereas neither resulted from the combined treatment. Insulin therapy had no influence on the decreased TRH concentrations in the diabetic pancreas. These results suggest that TRH may be localized to the B cells of pancreatic islets, and that the marked reduction in TRH in diabetic pancreases is not a metabolic consequence of insulin deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of cefmetazole in the otorhinolaryngological field].

Cefmetazole (CMZ), a new cephamycin preparation, has been investigated to give following results. 1) Pharmacokinetics: Serum and tonsil concentration of CMZ were determined by micropore method in humans. The mean concentrations in 5 cases about 30 minutes after administration of 0.5--1.0 g intravenously were 55.4 micrograms/ml in serum, 21.7 micrograms/g in tonsil. 2) CLINICAL STUDIES: Seventy-one patients with ear, nose and throat infections were treated with CMZ receiving 1 to 6 g per day intravenously (one shot and drip infusion). Thirty-eight of 70 patients were cured excellent, 19 were good, 8 were fair and 6 were failure and effective rate was 80.3%. Adverse reaction was observed in 4 cases. Three cases showed exanthema and 1 case showed fever elevation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative study on cefmetazole and cefazolin in the treatment of suppurative otitis media].

Cefmetazole (CMZ) was compared to cefazolin (CEZ) for efficacy and safety in the treatment of suppurative otitis media (including acute otitis media and chronic otitis media in acute aggravating stage) under well controlled clinical trials. The therapeutic effects were analyzed statistically in 172 patients (82 administered CMZ, 90 administered CEZ). The adverse reactions were also analyzed statistically in 199 patients (CMZ 99, CEZ 100) in whom the judgement was possible. 1. The efficacy rate of CMZ (72.3% for good to excellent response) was assessed by physicians in charge to be similar to that of CEZ (59.3%). This was the same being assessed by the committee, too (CMZ 64.6%, CEZ 56.7%). 2. When patients were classified into 2 groups (acute otitis media, chronic otitis media in acute aggravating stage) with respect to diagnosis, statistically significant difference in clinical efficacy assessed by physicians in charge was observed in the cases with chronic otitis media (CMZ, CEZ). In addition, the improvements of flares on the drum membrane and the mucous membrane of eardrum were significantly better in the CMZ group than in the CEZ group. 3. Bacteriologically, 16 cases (19.8%) of S. aureus were resistant to CEZ, while only 1 case (1.2%) to CMZ. CMZ was judged to be effective in 5 of the 6 cases in which CEZ-resistant strains were detected. 4. Side effects were found in 2 cases (2.0%) treated with CMZ: one complained of retching and abdominal pain and the other developed skin eruption. On the other hand, only 1 case (1.0%) developed skin eruption in the CEZ group. These results suggest that CMZ is a new antibiotic agent which is highly valuable in the treatment of suppurative otitis media.

Adolescent↗