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Biomedical subjects

S C Jacobs

Publications and source records attributed to S C Jacobs.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Urinary free cortisol and separation anxiety early in the course of bereavement and threatened loss.

Among 56 persons who were acutely bereaved or threatened with a loss, a group with worsening separation anxiety over a period of a month early after the event had higher urinary free cortisol output than a group experiencing improvement in grief. Although not tested in this study, both these psychological and physiological measures may have potential for serving as early predictors of poor outcome in bereavement for the 15%-20% of exposed persons who are at risk for unresolved grief or persistent depressive syndromes.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1987

Sex differences in prolactin change during mourning.

Fourteen men and 12 women were interviewed eight weeks after conjugal bereavement to discuss the events prior to the spouse's death and the subsequent bereavement period. Prolactin (PRL) was measured at the beginning and end of the interview. Descriptions of the deceased spouse were obtained during the interview and rated for Developmental Level of Object Representation (DLOR), a measure of the cognitive complexity of the description. There were significant correlations between DLOR and PRL change for both men and women but the correlation for women was positive and the correlation for men was negative. These findings extend the literature on the psychological correlates of PRL change and suggest that the physiological changes associated with mourning are different for men and women.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Digital subtraction angiography for renal donor evaluation.

A consecutive series of 52 living related renal donors were evaluated preoperatively by angiography. The preoperative angiographic interpretation was compared with the anatomy found at donor nephrectomy. Standard selective renal arteriography was found to be 100 per cent accurate in defining single (25) or multiple (1) renal arteries. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) alone performed with an intra-arterial injection of contrast material was found to be 82 per cent accurate in determining the number of renal arteries. In five kidneys with multiple renal arteries, only two had the correct number of vessels identified. The errors are inherent in the DSA technology. DSA at the present time is not accurate enough to replace the standard arteriogram in the evaluation of the donor nephrectomy patient.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Erosion of an inflatable penile prosthesis reservoir into an ileal conduit.

We report an unusual complication of an inflatable penile prosthesis. The penile prosthesis reservoir had been placed intra-abdominally and it eroded into an ileal conduit. The reservoir was removed endoscopically but the patient ultimately required creation of a new ileal conduit. Placement of reservoirs intraperitoneally risks erosion into the bowel.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bereavement and its complications in medical patients: a guide for consultation-liaison psychiatrists.

Bereaved individuals consult their physicians, including psychiatrists, at an increased frequency for the many symptoms of normal or pathological grief as well as related medical and psychiatric disorders. As many as 25 percent of patients seen by a consultation-liaison service may be suffering from recent unresolved grief. The consultation-liaison psychiatrist needs to be sensitive to the manifestations and course of bereavement in both its uncomplicated and pathological forms. This report provides an overview of these issues as a guide for the accurate assessment and treatment of this often unconsidered condition.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1987

Treating depressions of bereavement with antidepressants. A pilot study.

Seven of 10 bereaved, depressed spouses had moderate to marked improvement of depressive symptoms during a 4-week open trial of tricyclic antidepressants. Several considerations suggested that this was a response in large part to the pharmacologic intervention and not simply to a therapeutic relationship. The application of antidepressants to treatment of the persistent major depressive syndromes observed late in the course of bereavement should be studied in systematic, controlled studies with larger samples. This is an important clinical issue given the high risk of prolonged depressive syndromes in acutely bereaved spouses.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of orbiviruses of the Kemerovo serogroup: isolations and serological comparisons.

Nine Orbiviruses of the Kemerovo serogroup were isolated from ticks collected in seabird colonies situated in the U.K., Faeroe Islands, Norway, Morocco and California, U.S.A. Comparison by serological tests with previously reported members of the Kemerovo serogroup demonstrated that viruses isolated from the hard tick, Ixodes uriae, were members of the Great Island subgroup, whereas viruses from soft ticks, Argas monolakensis and Ornithodoros maritimus, belonged to the Chenuda subgroup. Members of the Chenuda group differed from the Great Island group in their ability to produce plaques in Xenopus cell cultures and in the time taken to produce clinical signs in infected mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Bereavement and catecholamines.

Urinary catecholamine output was studied in 59 middle-aged and elderly persons who were either acutely bereaved (n = 39) or threatened with the loss of a spouse (n = 20). The study was done with the hypothesis that urinary catecholamine output would be elevated among the bereaved subjects both in comparison to norms in the literature for non-stressed controls and to the group of subjects who were threatened with a loss. It was also expected that individually high measures of psychological distress would be associated with high urinary catecholamines. Twenty-four hour urinary output of norepinephrine and epinephrine was observed to be higher than normal during acute bereavement but was not associated with depression scores. No differences were found between those who had experienced an actual loss two months earlier and those who were threatened with a loss. Expected relationships between indices of psychological distress and catecholamine output were not observed. Finally, an association was found between increasing age and higher levels of urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine output among acutely bereaved subjects, suggesting that the adaptation of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system to stress among older persons is slower.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

The growth potential of small arteries repaired by microsurgical technique.

A study to determine the growth potential of immature microvessels was carried out using rat femoral arteries. Immature rat arteries repaired with interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures grew in proportion to the animal. There were no areas of stenosis at repair sites, which in some animals appeared slightly dilated compared with control vessels. The ultrastructure of repaired arteries after growth was mildly altered in the internal and external elastic membrane layers while the intima and media appear normal. Neovascularization around anastomoses may explain an apparent increased blood flow velocity at repair sites and does not correspond to arterial narrowing in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Sixty-one cases of adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder presenting between 1966 and 1981 were reviewed. Among the only seven cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder, three were classified as primary signet-ring cell carcinoma. These 3 cases were reviewed with the 11 previously reported cases in the literature. Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder occurs predominantly in men (12 men, 2 women) with age ranging from 38 to 83 years. It usually runs a rapidly fatal course despite therapy. The characteristic clinical, gross, and histomorphologic findings and pathogenesis of this rare bladder malignancy are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

The prostate of the gorilla.

The prostate gland from a 32-year-old gorilla was examined. The prostate weighed 15 g and was composed primarily of dilated cystic acinar areas with only modest stromal thickening. The acini were lined by a low cuboidal epithelium. A second minor population of smaller glands with extensive papillary projections was also present. The epithelial cells stained densely for acid phosphatase and prostatic-specific antigen. Human prostatic acid phosphatase content of the gland as determined by radioimmunoassay was 2.3 mg/g protein. This is the first published histologic description of a gorilla prostate. The animal was in late middle age but did not display predominant prostatic stromal hyperplasia. Prostatic acid phosphatase from the gorilla cross-reacts immunologically, or is identical to human prostatic acid phosphatase.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Colovesical fistulas.

Colovesical fistulas were identified in 42 patients. Diverticulitis was the underlying cause in 40 per cent of the patients. Carcinoma of the colon or cervix caused 33 per cent of the fistulas. Cystoscopy was the most effective procedure in diagnosing the fistulas. Surgical therapy had to be individualized to the patient's condition. Fistulas secondary to radiation were associated with a high complication rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Computer-assisted urodynamics.

We have assembled a computer hardware system and have written software programs that convert analogue urodynamic input to digital data. This has allowed for 1) extremely accurate recording of urodynamic events with a higher frequency response than existing units, 2) data storage of urodynamic events in digital form on floppy disks, 3) retrieval and plotting of urodynamic studies during and at times remote from the study performance, and 4) manipulation of the parameters in the urodynamic study for patient care and research purposes. Software is now available for the performance of cystometrograms (volume, total pressure, intravesical pressure and dP/dt), electromyograms, flow studies and dynamic renal pelvic pressure testing. Programs are in the development phase for computer analysis of urodynamic studies.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1984

Partial purification of a prostatic growth factor.

A 5-step fractionation procedure was used to isolate a prostatic growth factor from a tissue homogenate of human benign prostatic hyperplasia. The procedure made use of the property of prostatic growth factor to occur predominately as a large molecule (greater than 67,000) in low ionic strength solution (Tris with 0.05 M NaCl) but as a smaller molecule (less than 33,000) in high salt buffer (Tris with 1.55 M NaCl). The fractionation scheme consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration (low ionic strength) and DEAE chromatography. The growth factor activity was eluted from DEAE with high ionic strength buffer followed by 2 gel filtration steps in high ionic strength buffer. The fractionation scheme produced greater than a 200-fold increase in prostatic growth factor activity and 10 per cent recovery. Additional separation steps will be required to purify prostatic growth factor to homogeneity.

Chemical Fractionation↗
PubMed1984

Pre-cystectomy intra-arterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II with local bladder hyperthermia for bladder cancer.

A total of 6 patients with bulky pelvic bladder cancer underwent combination cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin) hypogastric artery infusion and local bladder hyperthermia as a preoperative adjunct to radical cystectomy. Pathological examination showed extensive tumor necrosis on the luminal side, with a gradient of tumor destruction to viable tumor on the serosal surface in 4 of the 6 bladders, while 2 specimens showed no tumor. Uninvolved portions of the bladders showed minor changes in the urothelium, submucosal edema and no effect on detrusor muscle or perivesical fat. Analysis of tissue for platinum revealed uptake by the tumors and normal tissues. Systemic effects of spillover cisplatin were not seen. Adjunctive preoperative hypogastric artery infusion of cisplatin is safe and well tolerated. Further study is required to determine the upper limits of safety of the regimen.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗