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Biomedical subjects

S C Parija

Publications and source records attributed to S C Parija.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Analysis of blood culture isolates from hospitalized neonates in Nepal.

Clinically suspected 77 cases of neonatal septicemia admitted to the pediatric ward of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, were evaluated by blood culture. The blood culture was positive for bacterial growth in 46 (59.7%) cases. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in 33 (71.7%) cases, the most common being Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common gram-positive bacteria. The bacterial isolates were most sensitive to gentamicin (74.5%) and ciprofloxacin (74.5%) followed by chloramphenicol (59.9%). They were most resistant (78.8%) to ampicillin. This study for the first time underlines the pattern of bacterial isolates and their sensitivity pattern to antibiotics in this part of Nepal.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1999

A high incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance in urinary isolates in eastern Nepal.

A study was conducted to examine the incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance in the strains of bacteria isolated from patients with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) and to analyse the level of resistance. A total of 63 bacterial isolates were grown from quantitative urine culture and were in significant count. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by using disc diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer and the level of resistance was analyzed by break point minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Majority of bacteria isolated and tested were Gram negative with Escherichia coli as the commonest isolate. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed a high prevalence of resistance to nalidixic acid, ampicillin and norfloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1999

Naegleria fowleri: a free living amoeba of emerging medical importance.

Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba is ubiquitous and word-wide in distribution. Infection is due to inhalation or aspiration of aerosols containing cysts found in the environment. Of late, the amoeba is emerging as a pathogen of medical importance causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans. The diagnosis of the condition is mainly parasitic which depends on the detection and identification of Naegleria trophozoites in the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) or biopsied brain tissue. Serological tests are not useful in the diagnosis of PAM. Most cases are fatal and various amoebicidal agents have been tried unsuccessfully. The present paper provides a review of the recent information on the biology and epidemiology of the disease caused by the amoeba Approaches in the diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of the condition are also discussed.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1998

A review of some simple immunoassays in the serodiagnosis of cystic hydatid disease.

Laboratory diagnosis of cystic hydatid disease (CHD) in the field or rural health centres catering to the needs of rural populations, especially in the developing countries, is faced with many difficulties. This paper reviews the need for simple and rapid immunoassays for the diagnosis of hydatid disease in such conditions. Simple and rapid immunoassays such as Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hydatid antigen dot immunobinding assay (HA-DIA) and Co-agglutination (Co-A) which have the potential for wider use in the field or poorly equipped laboratories for serodiagnosis of hydatid disease are discussed.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of rhinosporidiosis of the eye and its adnexa in Nepal.

This study describes the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of rhinosporidiosis of the eye and its adnexa in a series of 76 cases in Nepal and six originating in India. The disease caused by the fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi was seen most frequently in young children between eight and 10 years of age. Males were infected more than females (2.5:1). The conjunctiva was the most common site of infection in 76 (92.68%) of the cases. The lacrimal sac was affected only in six (7.32%) cases. Simple total excision of the conjunctival polyps gave highly satisfactory results in cases of conjunctival sac infections. Except for one patient, there were no recurrences in the 76 cases. Meticulous excision of polyps provided a satisfactory result in the treatment of six cases with lacrimal sac infection. Recurrence was noted in one of these six cases followed up to two and a half years after surgery. The conditions diagnosed clinically were confirmed by histopathology. This review of 82 cases is the first such report of rhinosporidiosis from Nepal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The value of fluorescence microscopy of auramine stained sputum smears for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis rests on the bacteriological examination of sputum smears stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) method for acid fast bacilli (AFB). In the present study, we have compared light microscopy of ZN stained smears with that of fluorescence microscopy of sputum smears stained by auramine-phenol flurochrome dye for detection of AFB in sputum specimens. Sputum specimens from a total of 2,600 clinically suspected and diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were examined by both the methods. Sputum specimens from a total of 1,104 patients were found to be positive for AFB. These included sputa from 975 (37.5%) patients positive for AFB by both ZN and auramine staining methods and sputa from an additional 129 (4.96%) patients positive for AFB by auramine staining only. Thus auramine staining of sputum smears in comparison to that of ZN staining is a better method of sputum microscopy for demonstration of AFB in sputum specimens. Fluorescence microscopy is relatively more sensitive and has the added advantage of allowing a large number of sputum specimens to be examined in a given time, in laboratories equipped with a fluorescent microscope.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1998

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Nepal.

We report an imported case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a 30 year old adult male from Nepal caused by Leishmania tropica. This case from Dharan is the first such report of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis in Nepal.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A thirty day course of sodium stibogluconate for treatment of Kala-azar in Nepal.

Twenty-seven cases of Kala-azar were treated with sodium stibogluconate at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 20 days (group A) and an equal number of cases were treated with the same dose but for a longer duration of 30 days (group B). Clinical and laboratory evaluation of these cases were carried out before and after therapy, during a follow up of cases every month, upto 6 months. Renal and liver function tests and electrocardiography were carried out of monitor any toxic effect of the drug during therapy. The cure rates of patients were 77.78% and 92.59% in group A and B cases respectively. Six and two patients in group A and B respectively were unresponsive to the treatment and showed relapse. Results of the study show that treatment of cases of Kala-azar with sodium stibogluconate in a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day for a longer period of 30 days is effective with a higher cure rate and minimum side effects, for treatment of cases of Kala-azar in this eastern part of Nepal, endemic for the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about kala-azar and its sandfly vector in rural communities of Nepal.

Reported are the results of a study of the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) about kala-azar of the inhabitants of two villages (Titaria and Haraincha) situated in terai (plain) areas of Nepal. The villagers had poor knowledge about the transmission of kala-azar, with most villagers perceiving that mosquitos, instead of sandflies, were responsible for transmission of the infection. Most also failed to recognize the common symptoms of kala-azar. The majority of the respondents, 78.9% in Titaria and 48.4% in Haraincha, were aware that the condition can be treated, while fewer than 2% believed that it cannot be treated at all. More than 58% of villagers in Titaria and 36.8% in Haraincha used bednets. The residents of both villages were highly responsive to a programme to spray houses with insecticides. Fewer than 5% of respondents slept outdoors in farm outhouses and these individuals did not take any personal vector control measures. The results of this study show the importance of understanding the beliefs and practices of communities in the successful planning and implementation of kala-azar control activities in Nepal.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis test for detection of hydatid antigen in the fluid from hydatid cysts: a preliminary report.

The exact aetiology of a suspected hydatid cyst may sometimes be a diagnostic dilemma. One of the recent methods to confirm that the cysts are echinococcal in origin is the demonstration of hydatid antigens in the aspirated cystic fluid. In the present study, we evaluated the use of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) to detect hydatid antigen in cyst fluids. Antibody used for detecting the antigen consisted of hyper immune sera raised in rabbits after inoculation of crude human hydatid cystic fluid antigen. Fluids were collected post-operatively from a total of 14 hydatid cysts confirmed by surgery and by histopathology. The results of the study show that the test is moderately sensitive detecting antigen in 11 (78.5%) of 14 cyst fluids. The test did not detect antigen in three other cyst fluids. The main advantage is its specificity as it was 100% specific with no reactions in control samples. Even though, sensitivity is not very high, the test is sample, inexpensive, and can rapidly diagnose hydatid aetiology of cysts and may be of help in the diagnosis of hydatid cysts in peripheral parasitology laboratories.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of human hydatid disease before and after surgery and chemotherapy by demonstration of hydatid antigens and antibodies in serum.

This study was performed to differentiate serologically between patients with hydatid disease which is active, and which has been successfully cured. A total of 18 cases was included. Pre-treatment serum samples were collected before surgery or chemotherapy. Post-treatment serum samples were collected at various intervals (3 days, 7 days, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years) after surgery or chemotherapy. These sera were tested for the presence of circulating hydatid antigen (CAg) by bacterial co-agglutination (Co-A) and counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) tests, and for circulating hydatid antibodies (CAb) by indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA). Ten and eight sera, respectively, were positive out of 11 pre-operative and pre-chemotherapeutic sera tested for CAg by the Co-A and CIEP tests. Post-operative sera collected from these cases did not show any CAg by the CIEP test. However, CAg was detected by Co-A in three and four serum samples collected on the third and seventh day, respectively, after surgical removal of the cyst. However, the CAg levels in these post-operative sera showed a gradual decline by the seventh day and were completely absent in the serum specimens collected 1 month after surgery and 6 months after chemotherapy. All the post-operative serum samples except two, collected 2 years after surgical removal of the cyst, in seven cases of old hydatid disease, were negative for CAg by both the CIEP and Co-A tests. Unlike the CAg profile, no marked differences were noted between the CAb profile of the pre- and post-treatment sera, as shown by the IHA test. Even 1 year after surgery or chemotherapy, two sera showed a marginal decrease in their CAb titre. CAb at varying titres was still detectable in all seven serum samples from old cases of hydatid disease, even 2 years after surgical removal of the cyst. This study shows the value of serial pre- and post-operative or chemotherapy estimation of CAg by Co-A and CIEP as an index of cure or of continuing hydatid infection.

Agglutination Tests↗