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Biomedical subjects

S C Vir

Publications and source records attributed to S C Vir.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Serum and hair concentrations of copper during pregnancy.

Serum and hair concentration of copper were measured in 28 nonpregnant women and 60 pregnant women at 20 to 22 wk gestation (2nd trimester), 36 to 37 wk gestation (3rd trimester), and 3 days postpartum. The serum copper concentration in pregnant women was approximately twice (1.71 to 1.79 micrograms/ml) the normal nonpregnant values (0.98 micrograms/ml). These high levels persisted throughout pregnancy and early postpartum. The mean concentration of serum copper in maternal serum was about five times those in umbilical cord blood (0.33 microgram/ml) and a strong relationship was noted between maternal and cord copper concentration. Hair copper levels were similar in pregnant and nonpregnant subjects. No significant relationship was noted between serum and hair copper concentrations. Serum copper levels were higher and hair copper concentration was lower in primigravida. Previous history of oral contraceptive usage and alcohol intake during pregnancy had no effect on serum or hair copper levels. The effect of smoking was not consistent and showed a significant lowering effect on serum copper values only in the 2nd trimester. The 3rd trimester levels of hair copper and serum copper demonstrated a significant correlation with neonatal weight and head circumference, respectively. Further studies are indicated to understand the implication of such changes in copper metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Riboflavin status during pregnancy.

The riboflavin status of 20 nonpregnant and 60 pregnant women (in the 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, and early postpartum) was determined by the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation test. None of the nonpregnant subjects but 26 pregnant subjects (21.7% in the 2nd trimester, 20.8% in the 3rd trimester, and 29.6% in early postpartum) had an activity coefficient greater than 1.20, indicative of biochemical deficiency of riboflavin. The deficiency developed at any of the three stages of pregnancy under study. Follow-up of individual cases revealed no progressive deterioration in riboflavin nutriture with advancement of pregnancy. The mean intake of riboflavin was higher than the recommended intake and revealed a significant negative correlation with activity coefficient values at the 3rd trimester. No significant correlation of riboflavin status with the outcome of pregnancy was noted. The effect of numbers of previous pregnancies, history of oral contraceptive usage, smoking, and alcohol showed no consistent effect on the percentage incidence of deficiency at all the three periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Zinc concentration in hair and serum of pregnant women in Belfast.

Serum and hair levels of zinc were estimated in 28 nonpregnant women and 60 pregnant women at 20 to 22 wk of gestation (2nd trimester), 36 to 37 wk of gestation (3rd trimester), and 3 days postpartum. The mean serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in pregnant subjects compared to the nonpregnant and showed a continuous significant decline with increasing duration of pregnancy. Mean hair concentration in the various stages of study of pregnant women and nonpregnant subjects were comparable. However, a progressive decrease in hair zinc concentration was noted with advancing pregnancy; the decline between 2nd and 3rd trimester was statistically significant. Mean serum zinc concentration in umbilical cord blood was approximately twice that in maternal blood. Smoking had no effect on zinc concentration, while the effect of alcohol and parity was inconsistent. Oral contraceptive usage before conception appeared to lower hair zinc concentration and increase serum zinc concentration during pregnancy. Two subjects had spontaneous abortion and these had serum zinc in the lower range and hair zinc values in the higher range. The remaining 58 subjects gave birth to normal neonates weighing 2500 to 4500 g. The study revealed that zinc nutrition of the majority of the expectant mothers was adequate for normal growth and development of fetus. The possible cause and implication of observed changes in zinc metabolism are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Zinc and copper nutriture of women taking oral contraceptive agents.

A cross-sectional and follow-up study of young women taking oral contraceptive agents revealed a marked increase in serum copper levels. This increase was significant after the taking of oral contraceptive agents for 3 months. No significant effect of oral contraceptive agents on serum zinc and hair levels or copper were observed. There was no correlation between duration of oral contraceptive agent therapy and zinc or copper concentrations in serum or hair. Serum and hair concentration of zinc or copper were also not significantly correlated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Copper status of Indian pregnant women of low socio-economic group and its effect on the outcome of pregnancy.

Copper status of 109 women, (36 nonpregnant, 17 in the first trimester, 17 in the second trimester of pregnancy and 39 in the postpartum period) and its effect on the outcome of pregnancy was evaluated by a cross-sectional study. The results documented a low intake of copper--1.2 mg-1.5 mg, by the women and a statistically significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between the intake of copper and the intake Calories and protein. Serum copper levels rose with the progress of pregnancy and the increase was statistically significant (P less than 0.005) in the second trimester. Thereafter, a slight decline was noted. No correlation was found between serum copper and serum total proteins, albumin or globulin in either the pregnant or the nonpregnant women. The correlation between the dietary intake of copper and serum copper concentration was also not significant. Birth weight, length and head circumference of the neonate exhibited no correlation with material dietary or serum copper levels.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

Anthropometric measurements in the elderly.

Anthropometric measurements (weight, skinfold thickness at triceps, subscapular and dorsum of the hand and circumference of upper arm and abdomen) of 126 aged subjects, studied in four groups, are reported. The relationship of any of these anthropometric parameters with energy intake was not significant in the majority of the groups. Abdominal circumference was the only measurement which showed a significant correlation with body weight in the males and females of the four groups. The use of abdominal circumference as an indicator of nutritional status needs further study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Vitamin B6 status during pregnancy.

Nutritional status of vitamin B6 was investigated in 20 non-pregnant and 60 pregnant women (in the second trimester, third trimester and early postpartum) by determining the erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (EGPT) index. An EGPT index of greater than 1.15 indicative of vitamin B6 deficiency was noted in 30.0% non-pregnant subjects and in 50.0, 53.1 and 44.4% of pregnant subjects in second trimester, third trimester and postpartum periods, respectively. The deficiency developed at any of the three stages of pregnancy under study. Follow up of individual cases revealed no progressive deterioration in vitamin B6 nutrition with advancement of pregnancy. EGPT index values showed large individual variation during pregnancy. The mean intake of vitamin B6 was lower than the recommended and only 5.9% of subjects reported consuming greater than or equal to 2.5 mg vitamin B6/day. There was no significant correlation between biochemical parameters and vitamin B6 intake/day or vitamin B6/100 g protein/day. No significant relationships were observed between vitamin B6 status and the outcome of pregnancy, or anthropometric measures of neonates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effect of oral contraceptives on vitamin B6 nutriture of young women.

The effect of oral contraceptives (OC) on vitamin B6 status of young women was assessed by percentage stimulation of erythrocyte glutamic pyruvic transaminase (EGPT) activity. The subjects were studied under three groups--control (non OC users), cross-sectional study group (taking OC for over a period of 3 months) and follow up study group. No adverse effect of OC on mean basic EGPT, mean percentage stimulation level or in the incidence of deficiency was noted in cross-sectional study group as compared to controls. Similarly follow up of women before the initial of OC therapy and after a period of 3 months or 6 months usage also demonstrated no adverse effects on vitamin B6 nutriture. The vitamin B6 status showed no relationship with duration of OC use. Dietary vitamin B6 was below the recommended in majority of cases and showed no significant correlation with percentage stimulation of EGPT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Thiamin status during pregnancy.

Thiamin status of 20 nonpregnant women and 60 pregnant women was assessed. Of the 60 pregnant women, only 49 and 25 were examined for the biochemical thiamin status in the 3rd trimester and postpartum period respectively. Thirty per cent of nonpregnant women and 28 to 39 per cent of pregnant mothers (in either the 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, or postpartum phase of pregnancy) had a deficient thiamin status with the thiamin pyrophosphate effect (TPP effect) greater than 20 per cent. None of the pregnant subject were deficient in all the three periods. Follow up of the pregnant subjects in the 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester and postpartum period revealed that the deficiency was not necessarily established in the early pregnancy nor was aggravated with the progress of pregnancy. Thiamine intake was over 2/3 of the recommended in all the pregnant subjects and revealed no significant correlation with the biochemical indices. A history of oral contraceptive usage before conception had no significant effect on the incidence of deficiency in the 2nd or 3rd trimester. The occurrence of deficient thiamin status demonstrated an increase with number of previous pregnancies. No correlation was noted between the vitamin B1 status and anthropometric measurements of neonates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nutritional status of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized aged in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

A multifaceted analysis of the nutritional status of 196 subjects, aged over 65, institutionalized in hospitals, residential accomodation, and sheltered dwellings and of noninstituionalized subjects was untaken. Subjects of hospital and home, with or without multivitamin supplementation, were grouped separately. The study comprised of 3-day weighed dietary record, biochemical determinations, and clinical examination. The energy intake of females of hospitals and sheltered dwellings was comparatively low. Dietary nutrients most lacking were potassium, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin B6. Calcium and vitamin A intake were adequate. Clinical deficiency was rare. Subclinical deficiency was highly prevalent and the deficiency incidence was: anemia 18.6%, ascorbic acid 29.2%, thiamin 13.8%, riboflavin 7.1%, vitamin B6 42.3%, and vitamin D 47.0%. Some kind of mineral or vitamin deficiency was observed biochemically in 91.3% of the nonmultivitamin supplemented group and 64.3% of the multivitamin supplemented group. Regular intake of multivitamin raised the blood levels of riboflavin and ascorbic acid to normal in all, but failed to raise the thiamin and vitamin B6 levels to the normal acceptable levels in 2.9 and 20% of the subjects, respectively. Suggestions are made concerning possibly higher recommended allowance.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Riboflavin nutriture of oral contraceptive users.

A Cross-Sectional and Follow-UP study of young women taking oral contraceptive agents (OCA) revealed no significant adverse effect of OCA Bon riboflavin nutriture. Three of 33 women in the Cross-Sectional study had biochemical evidence of deficiency, while only 1 of the 12 women in the Follow-Up study developed biochemical deficiency after a period of 3 months. The biochemical riboflavin status showed no relationship with the duration of OCA use. Dietary riboflavin intake was adequate in the majority of the subjects and revealed no correlation with activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of oral contraceptive agents on thiamin status.

A cross-sectional and follow up study of oral contraceptive agent (OCA) users revealed no adverse effects of OCA on erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETK) or thiamin pyrophosphate effect (TPP effect). In the cross-sectional study group, thiamin intake was below the recommended in only 19.2 per cent subjects and thiamin intake/100 kcal/day revealed a significant negative correlation with TPP effect. Routine prophylactic administration of thiamin was not indicated in OCA users.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of oral contraceptive usage on zinc and copper in serum and hair.

Zinc and copper concentration in serum and hair were determined in 12 women before the initiation of oral contraceptive therapy and after a period of 3 months and 6 months. A significant elevation in serum copper occured after the usage of oral contraceptive for 3 months. The taking of oral contraceptive agent (OCA) for a subsequent 3 month period caused no further significant increase in serum copper concentration. No significant effect of OCA on serum zinc and on hair concentration of these trace elements was noted. Further study is indicated to establish the significance of these on overall metabolism and on clinical consequences.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Vitamin B6 status of the hospitalized aged.

Nutritional status of vitamin B6 was investigated in two groups of 102 hospitalized aged. Vitamin B6 intake was estimated. Erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase stimulation in vitro with pyridoxal phosphate and SGOT were studied as the biochemical criteria of vitamin B6 status: 18.6% of the subjects consumed less than 0.66 mg of vitamin B6 per day; 28.4% showed a percentage stimulation in vitro with pyridoxal phosphate of more than 15%. There was no significant correlation between basal erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity and dietary protein, dietary vitamin B6 dietary vitamin B6/100 g of protein, SGOT, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and iron. All the biochemical parameters used for evaluating vitamin B6 status appeared higher in females, but no statistical difference between male and female groups was noted. Only SGOT levels of female subjects reflected their vitamin B6 status. A large individual variation of vitamin B6 requirement was indicated in both groups studied. Supplements with 2.5 mg of vitamin B6 to deficient subjects caused an increase in transaminase levels, though females showed a higher response. A higher recommended allowance of vitamin B6 for the aged male and female subjects was considered desirable.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Vitamin D status of elderly at home and institutionalised in hospital.

In a study of institutionalised and non-institutionalised aged requiring medical care, the biochemical deficiency of vitamin D was noted in over 40 per cent of the subjects, while osteomalacia was diagnosed biochemically in only 5.2 per cent. The vitamin D status demonstrated no relationship to bone density.

Aged↗