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Biomedical subjects

S Chaudhry

Publications and source records attributed to S Chaudhry.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Prospective study of healthcare utilisation and respiratory morbidity due to RSV infection in prematurely born infants.

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to determine the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, both in hospital and the community, on healthcare utilisation and respiratory morbidity in prematurely born infants and to identify risk factors for symptomatic RSV infection. METHODS: A hospital and community follow up study was undertaken of 126 infants born before 32 weeks of gestational age. Healthcare utilisation (hospital admissions and general practitioner attendances) in the first year, respiratory morbidity at follow up (wheeze and cough documented by parent completed diary cards), and RSV positive lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) were documented. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained for immunofluorescence and culture for RSV whenever the infants had an LRTI, either in the community or in hospital. RESULTS: Forty two infants had an RSV positive LRTI (RSV group), 50 had an RSV negative LRTI (RSV negative LRTI group), and 32 infants had no LRTI (no LRTI group). Compared with the RSV negative LRTI and the no LRTI groups, the RSV group required more admissions (p=0.392, p<0.001) and days in hospital (p=0.049, p=0.006) and had more cough (p=0.05, p=0.038) and wheeze (p=0.003, p=0.003) at follow up. Significant risk factors for symptomatic RSV LRTI were number of siblings (p=0.035) and maternal smoking in pregnancy (p=0.005), for cough were number of siblings (p=0.002) and RSV LRTI (p=0.02), and for wheeze was RSV LRTI (p=0.019). CONCLUSION: RSV infection, even if hospital admission is not required, is associated with increased subsequent respiratory morbidity in prematurely born infants.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2005

Salivary polytene chromosome mapping of Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus Grassi (Culicidae: Diptera).

With the introduction of molecular taxonomy of mosquitoes, polytene chromosome maps have become indispensable as standard references for locating genes, puffs, and inversion breakpoints of unique DNA sequences. We present a line map and a photomap of the salivary polytene chromosomes of Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus Grassi, an important emerging vector of malaria in India. In addition, we discuss the nature of this species complex consisting of sibling species A, B, C, and D. The comparative study is in relevance to the X chromosome heterozygous inversion differences between 2 allopatric populations of the species and the recognition of 4 X-chromosome inversion genotypes viz: species A-X(+a+b), B-X(ab), C-X(a+b) and D-X(+ab).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Targeting of p300 to the interleukin-2 promoter via CREB-Rel cross-talk during mitogen and oncogenic molecular signaling in activated T-cells.

In this report, we explore the mechanisms of targeting of p300 to the interleukin-2 (IL-2) promoter in response to mitogenic and oncogenic molecular signals. Recruitment of p300 by cAMP-responsive element-binding protein-Rel cross-talk at the composite CD28 response element (CD28RE)-TRE element of the IL-2 promoter is essential for promoter inducibility during T-cell activation, and CD28RE-TRE is the exclusive target of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I oncoprotein Tax. The intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity of p300 is dispensable for activation of the IL-2 promoter, and the N-terminal 743 residues contain the minimal structural requirements for synergistic transactivation of the CD28RE-TRE, the IL-2 promoter, and endogenous IL-2 gene expression. Mutational analysis of p300 reveals differential structural requirements for the N-terminal p300 module by individual cis-elements within the IL-2 promoter. These findings provide evidence that p300 assembles at the IL-2 promoter to form an enhanceosome-like signal transduction target that is centrally integrated at the CD28RE-TRE element of the IL-2 promoter through specific protein module-targeted associations in activated T-cells.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Ileo-ileo-colic intussusception secondary to an ileal lipoma.

Adult intussusception is extremely uncommon and constitutes approximately 5-16% of all intussusceptions. We describe a case of ileo-ileo-colic intussusception secondary to an ileal lipoma occurring in a 22 year old man who in addition had autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. CT scan played a pivotal role in not only demonstrating the cause of intestinal obstruction (intussusception) but also showed that a lipoma was the lead point precipitating the intussusception.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Lipoma: a rare tumour of nasopharynx.

Lipoma of nasopharynx is a rare tumour. A lipoma situated at the junction of roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx is reported. Only four cases of lipoma of nasopharynx in adults have been previously reported. Use of cytology in making a pre-operative diagnosis of lipoma at this location is discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Retrospective study of alleged sexual assault at the Aga Khan Hospital, Nairobi.

A retrospective audit of all the rape cases reported at the Aga Khan Hospital, Nairobi over a two year period was carried out. Out of 37 victims, 86.6% were less than 30 years old and 73.4% did not know who the assailant was. 80% of the victims reported to the hospital within 24 hours of the incident taking place and in 4 (10.8%) of the victims-vaginal swabs grew N. gonorrhoea. None of the victims opted for prosecution and none were referred for further counselling. We recommended that alleged rape victims be seen by a qualified gynaecologist or police surgeon and that they should be examined, investigated and managed by a standard protocol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cadmium effects on bone metabolism: accelerated resorption in ovariectomized, aged beagles.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in an animal whose skeleton is comparable to humans, the combined effects of estrogen depletion and Cd exposure on bone resorption by monitoring skeletal release of 45Ca and to determine whether Cd-induced bone resorption occurred independent of osteotropic hormone changes and renal dysfunction. Cd exposure following ovariectomy or sham surgery was for 7 months: 1 month by oral ingestion of capsules (1, 5, 15, 50 ppm) and 6 months via drinking water (15 ppm). Serum and fecal 45Ca were increased at 1 week following ovariectomy (OV) (54 +/- 9% and 122 +/- 40%, respectively), but this response was attenuated by 2 weeks. Five of seven exposed dogs had increased serum and fecal 45Ca during the 50-ppm Cd capsule period (15-40% and 15-190%, respectively). Serum 45Ca levels in OV/+Cd dogs showed a significant and consistent increase within 1 week of initiating each of three separate Cd.H2O exposure cycles. Blood Cd levels increased over time from 2 to 15 micrograms/l, coinciding with the elevated serum 45Ca concentrations. No correlation was observed between serum 45Ca increases and parathyroid hormone, 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D, or calcitonin. No effects of ovariectomy and/or Cd were observed in total serum Ca, calciotropic hormone concentrations, serum or urinary phosphorus and creatinine, creatinine clearance, or urinary specific gravity. Urinary Cd concentrations ranged from 7 to 50 micrograms/l in exposed dogs but were not detectable in nonexposed dogs. Urinary protein concentrations showed no differences between groups. Cd increased bone resorption (skeletal 45Ca release) in ovariectomized and sham-operated dogs without renal dysfunction or calciotropic hormone interaction. Based on our results, Cd is an exogenous factor which exacerbates bone mineral loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Audit of hysterectomies at the Aga Khan Hospital, Nairobi: justification of operative indications.

An audit of 381 hysterectomies performed over a 5 year period (1986-1990) was carried out. In order to assess justification of the indication for hysterectomy pre-operative diagnoses were divided into two groups: those potentially confirmable by pathologic study and those not potentially confirmable by pathologic study. Out of the 273 cases studied in the first group, 246 (90.1%) were justified, while out of the 108 cases studied in the second group, 82 (75.9%) were justified. An overall 86% justification rate was observed. Adenomyosis as a histopathologic finding was seen more commonly in Asian than African patients (P < 0.005). Morbidity rate was 20% and there were no mortalities. The procedure in general was considered safe and justified.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Familial history of opium use and reported problems among opium addicts in Pakistan.

One-hundred and twenty-nine opiate addicts on a monthly maintenance regimen were studied. Subjects with a positive family history of opium use had an earlier age of onset than the subjects without a family history of opium use. Self-reported psychosocial problems resulting from opium use were documented in only seven subjects. Individuals who began opium use after 1979, when it became illegal to use the drug, had a significantly later age of onset than subjects who began before 1979, suggesting that negative legal sanctions can delay initiation of opium consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Etiologic significance of mosquito (Anopheles stephensi) in respiratory allergy in India.

The etiologic significance of Anopheles stephensi, a common mosquito species in Delhi, in respiratory allergic disorders was investigated. Intradermal (ID) tests with the mosquito whole body extract (WBE) were performed on 247 patients with bronchial asthma and/or rhinitis and 50 healthy nonallergic volunteers. Of these 247 patients, 118 (47.8%) had positive (1+ to 4+) reactions including 72 (29.1%) with markedly positive (2+ to 4+) ID reactions. We did not observe any 2+ to 4+ skin reactions in normal healthy volunteers, giving evidence for the specificity of markedly positive ID response. The skin test positivity was not influenced by various clinical characteristics (age at onset, duration and type of disease, and family history) of patients included in the study. The specificity of positive ID response was further supported by the results of mosquito RAST with the sera of 14 patients. Ten of the 12 sera (83%) from patients with positive ID response to mosquito WBE were RAST positive. Sera from two patients with negative ID reactions were RAST negative. The bronchial provocation tests (BPTs) were uniformly negative in all five healthy volunteers and two patients showing negative ID responses to mosquito WBE, while the three patients showing 2+ to 4+ responses gave positive BPTs. Our results suggest that mosquito-derived particles are important inhalant allergens in the etiology of IgE-mediated respiratory allergic disorders in India.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Antigenic cross-reactivity among isolates of group JK corynebacteria.

Using rocket and rocket-line immunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting it was demonstrated that a group of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including several authenticated Corynebacterium jeikeium strains, shared many cross-reacting antigens. Only weak cross-reactivity was demonstrated with representatives of three other skin corynebacteria, C. bovis, C. hofmanii and C. minutissimum or with non-coryneforms. Differences within C. jeikeium are sufficient to permit the use of immunoblotting as an epidemiological tool.

Animals↗