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Biomedical subjects

S Cirillo

Publications and source records attributed to S Cirillo.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracranial lipomas. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

Fourteen cases of intracranial lipomas are reported and 200 cases from the literature are reviewed. Intracranial lipomas are rare lesions of developmental origin, which mainly occur in the region of the corpus callosum, more rarely in the ambient, interpeduncular, cerebellopontine angle and sylvian cisterns. Although they are usually asymptomatic, they can sometimes show neurological symptoms, mainly epileptic seizures. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging usually lead to the diagnosis, because of the very low-density attenuation values of lipomas on CT scan and the short T1 and T2 on magnetic resonance. A direct surgical approach is only rarely indicated, whereas cases associated to hydrocephalus require a CSF shunt. The anticonvulsivant therapy usually results in remission of the seizures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Computerized tomography in the study of degenerative ataxia].

We describe the computerized tomography findings in 85 patients affected with degenerative ataxias. Cerebellar atrophy was moderate in patients with Friedreich's disease (no. 28) and early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained reflexes (no. 10) and, in Friedreich's disease, it was mostly a late feature. On the contrary, in symptomatic patients with adult onset dominant cerebellar ataxia (no. 24), cerebellar atrophy was always present and often marked. However, it was absent in 3 asymptomatic affected relatives. Infratentorial and supratentorial atrophy were frequent findings in idiopathic late onset cerebellar ataxia (no. 16).

Cerebellar Ataxia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giant osteoma of the cranial vault with acromegaly and hydrocephalus. A case report.

A case of acromegaly associated to a giant osteoma of the cranial vault and hydrocephalus in a young woman is reported. It can be suggested that acromegaly favoured the marked growth of the osteoma. Hydrocephalus resulted consequent to both the compression of the superior longitudinal sinus by the tumor and alteration of the CSF resorption. The rarity of giant osteomas of the cranial vault associated with intracranial hypertension is pointed out.

Acromegaly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epilepsy caused by vascular insufficiency as a result of a malformation in a child].

The Authors report a case of a 7-year-old boy with focal epileptic seizures; cerebral panangiography revealed a "coiling" of the right internal carotid artery, a scarcely visualized right posterior cerebral artery, and a diffuse hypovascularisation of the right cerebral hemisphere. They emphasize the possible relation between the vascular insufficiency and the epileptic seizures and they point out the possible role of congenital vasal malformations, as coiling and hypoplasia, in the origin of epilepsy in infancy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phlebography of the cavernous and intercavernous sinuses; an investigation complementary to CT detecting intrasellar space-occupying lesions].

The technique of peri-hypophyseal phlebography is briefly described and the theoretical bases that inspire its utilizations and indications are pointed out. On the basis of 20 preliminary cases, the main applications of this investigation are illustrated, with a particular attention concerning the early diagnosis of lesions too small or too dishomogeneous to be detected with certainly on CT (i.e. intrapituitary microadenomas smaller than 5 mm; associated intrasellar lesions as empty sella + pituitary tumor).

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT in the diagnosis of sellar and parasellar lesions.

The Authors review their recent experience in investigating 185 cases of sellar and parasellar lesions, using as preliminary procedure stratigraphy and CT; further examinations were performed only in cases with unclear diagnosis. Their data confirm the reliability of this non-invasive protocol that allowed the detection of pathological changes in nearly 95% of cases and was able to define with certainty the nature of the lesions in over 72% of cases. However, other investigations were performed in 116 cases (63%): in 57 (31%) for diagnostic purpose, in 59 (32%) as complementary pre-operative studies.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Magnetic resonance in the study of patients of short stature of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal origin. Report on 29 cases].

Although growth hormone (GH) deficiency is a very common cause of short stature, many cases are still diagnosed as idiopathic. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), more clearly than CT, reveals the anatomy of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal region and of the possible alterations (pituitary hypoplasia, interruption of the stalk) causing hormonal deficit. Twenty-nine patients with short stature underwent MRI examinations of the hypothalamic-pituitary region to assess the significance of the correlation between hormonal test and MR patterns. Five patients had normal variants of short stature (NVSS), 7 had multiple pituitary hormone defects (MPHD) and 17 had isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD). In patients with MPHD or with severe isolated growth hormone deficit MRI shows interruption of the pituitary stalk with ectopy of the neurohypophysis or a mass. In patients with less severe IGHD and in NVSS, MRI demonstrates a normal pituitary region or a slightly hypoplastic gland, the neurohypophysis being normally situated. MRI may provide an ethiological classification in short stature patients. Typical MR patterns can be demonstrated in cases of dwarfism secondary to a mass in the hypothalamic-pituitary region or to morphological changes of the pituitary stalk, while in transient GH deficit no anatomical abnormalities are observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The usefulness of computer tomography in planning cochlear implant surgery].

In recent years, technical progress has created new complex acoustic implants which send an electrical stimulus to the eighth cranial nerve through one or more electrodes inserted through the round window into the scala tympani of the cochlea. The abnormal--mostly osteosclerotic--processes which cause deep hearing loss may prevent electrode insertion. Therefore, internal ear anatomy must be detailed, which is essential to assess the feasibility of surgery and, if surgery is indicated, to plan it properly. High resolution CT (HRCT) was performed on 79 patients to study cochlear patency, round window shape and patency, degree of temporal bone pneumatization and the proximity of vascular structures (carotid artery and jugular vein). On the basis of HRCT results, 14 of 79 patients were excluded from surgery. Comparing HRCT with surgical findings, the authors conclude that HRCT is the method of choice to examine the candidates to cochlear implant thanks to its high spatial resolution and excellent depiction of even the smallest structures. Its only limitation is that it fails to assess the lack of patency of the cochlear canal due to fibrosis, which is not associated with demonstrable density changes (3 of 19 surgical patients). This problem may be solved by submitting the potential surgical candidates to MRI.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neoplasms of the basal ganglia.

Neoplasms of the basal ganglia are deep-seated and this markedly impacts on therapy, especially with respect to the surgical approach. However, neoplasms purely involving the basal ganglia are rare: more frequently, basal ganglia are secondarily involved by tumors originating in the cerebral hemispheres, the ventricles and the pineal or suprasellar regions. Following an anatomical and epidemiologic overview, most frequent CT and MR imaging findings of pediatric neoplasms of basal ganglia are described.

Adolescent↗