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Biomedical subjects

S E Adam

Publications and source records attributed to S E Adam.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The effect of Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) crude saponins on Hisex-type chicks.

The effects of po and parenteral administration of various doses of fenugreek crude seed saponins were measured in Hisex-type chicks. Forty-nine 7-d-old Hisex chicks were assigned to 1 of 5 groups: no fenugreek; 10 mg fenugreek/kg BW im; 50 mg fenugreek/kg BW ip; 50 mg fenugreek/kg BW sc; or 500 mg fenugreek/kg BW in drinking water. Daily dosing was for 21 d. Body weights were depressed and serum LDH and GOT activities and uric acid concentration were significantly elevated. Pathological changes were liver fatty cytoplasmic vacuolation and necrosis of hepatocytes with lymphocytic infiltration, epithelial degeneration of renal tubules, catarrhal enteritis, and varying degrees of hemorrhage in the thigh and breast. Myositis and peritonitis were observed in chicks given fenugreek crude saponins respectively im or ip.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Susceptibility of Nubian goats to mercury poisoning in the Sudan.

Twelve Nubian goats were given single or repeated oral dosages of mercuric chloride at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg and died or were killed in extremis at various times after dosing (18 hours-18 days). The main signs of poisoning were anorexia, frothing at the mouth, respiratory distress, epistaxis, bloat, diarrhoea, abnormal posture and recumbency. An increase in the activity of GOT and in the concentrations of urea and inorganic phosphate and a decrease in total protein and calcium concentrations in the serum were detected. The main lesions were dilatation and necrosis of the proximal convoluted tubules, shrinkage and disappearance of the glomerular tufts, varying amounts of acidophilic homogenous material in the lumens of the affected tubules of the kidney, enteritis, hepatocellular degeneration and/or necrosis and pulmonary congestion, haemorrhage, oedema and emphysema. The changes in the red blood cells indicated anaemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Toxicity of sumicidin (fenvalerate) to Nubian goats.

Deaths in Nubian goats poisoned with oral doses of sumicidin ranging from 112.5 to 1350 mg per kg were preceded by clinical illness in which a variety of signs suggesting central nervous system dysfunction consistently occurred. Hepato-renal changes were present at necropsy in all goats that showed clinical signs. Alterations in serum urea, calcium, inorganic phosphate and cholesterol concentrations and GOT activity were recorded in sumicidin-poisoned goats.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

The combined effect of dursban and Reldan on nubian goats.

Symptoms, lesions and changes in clinical chemistry and hematology were examined in goats orally dosed with dursban (150 mg/kg), reldan (150 mg/kg) and their mixture (300 mg/kg) in certain proportions. More rapid death and severe changes occurred in goats receiving reldan and dursban at 50% of the combined dose than either of the individual compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Toxicity of chlorpyrifos in Nubian goats.

A single oral administration of chlorpyrifos to Nubian goats at 1200, 600 and 300 mg/kg caused nervous signs and death within 15 minutes to 2 days of treatment. An oral dose of the compound at 150 mg/kg was toxic, but not fatal to goats. Animals given chlorpyrifos orally at daily doses of 300, 150 and 75 mg/kg showed signs of toxicity and died within 2 to 7 days of treatment. Pathological, biochemical and haematological changes are described.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

The effects of temik and sumicidin and their mixture on Nubian goats.

The administration of single oral doses of a mixture of 0.25 mg temik/kg and 112.5 mg sumicidin/kg to Nubian goats caused severe clinical signs. Death occurred within 10 h after redosing on day 7. Lesions were correlated with clinical chemistry changes. Goats which received single oral doses of 0.25 mg temik/kg or 112.5 mg sumicidin/kg alone has slight clinical changes and recovered 5 h post-dosing.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Experimental selenium poisoning in Nubian goats.

The toxicity of sodium selenite was studied in 28 Nubian goats, 20 of which died or were killed in extremis 2 h to 21 d after dosing. Single or repeated daily oral doses of 160, 80, 40, 20 and 5 mg sodium selenite/kg were toxic to goats while daily doses of selenite ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/kg/d for 225 d were not toxic to this species of animals. The main signs of poisoning were uneasiness, inappetence, dyspnea, salivation, diarhea, paresis of the hind limbs, arching of the back, and recumbency. The main lesions were hemorrhages in the rumen, reticulum, osmasum and abomasum, hemorrhagic or catarrhal abomasitis and enteritis, fatty change and necrosis of the centrilobular hepatocytes and of the cells of the renal convoluted tubules, splenic hemosiderosis, pulmonary congestion, haemorrhage, edema and emphysema, accumulation of lymphocytes in the vital organs, and straw-colored fluid in the serous cavities.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Toxicity of Reldan (Chlorpyrifos-methyl) in Nubian goats.

Eight Nubian goats were given single oral doses of 1200, 600, 300 or 150 mg/kg of Reldan. The 2 goats receiving the highest dose died after 1 and 16 hr whereas other animals survived the 7-day observation period. Twelve Nubian goats were given Reldan orally at daily dosages of 600, 300, 150 or 75 mg/kg. The goats died or were killed in extremis between 2 and 25 days. Pathology, clinical chemistry and hematology findings are reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of various levels of dietary vitamin E on broiler chicks.

Graded dosages of vitamin E (37.5, 50 or 100 ppm) fed Lohmann-type broiler chicks resulted in decreased growth rates, enlarged livers and kidneys, hemorrhages on the medial surface of the thigh, and congestion in the heart and intestines. Serum SDH and GDH activities and uric acid concentrations were significantly increased and serum total protein concentration was decreased in all dosed groups. Leucocytosis and anemia occurred in excess vitamin E-fed broiler chicks.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Toxic effects of Crotalaria saltiana in mice.

Dry Crotalaria saltiana shoots were fed to strain ASL mice at 50, 10 and 1% of the diet. Feeding of Crotalaria shoots at 50 and 10% produced toxicity and death after 7 to 29 days. The signs of Crotalaria poisoning were inappetence, dullness, dyspnea and recumbency. The main lesions were necrosis, portal fibroplasia and hemorrhage in the liver, pulmonary congestion and emphysema, focal catarrhal enteritis, and degeneration of the cells of the renal tubules.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Experimental Chrozophora plicata poisoning in goats and sheep.

The clinical, biochemical and pathological effects of the fresh shoots of Chrozophora plicata on Nubian goats and Desert sheep were investigated. The animals were given single or repeated daily doses of 10, 5, 1 and 0.5 g/kg of chrozophora shoots by stomach tube and died at various times post dosing. The main signs of Chrozophora poisoning in both species of ruminants were salivation, dyspnea, bloat, inappetence, dullness, diarrhea, paresis of the hind limbs, recumbency and lateral deviation of the head and neck. The main lesions were hemorrhage in the lungs, heart and kidneys, pulmonary cyanosis and edema, hepatic fatty change and depletion of glycogen, catarrhal enteritis, ascites, hydropericardium and serous atrophy of the cardiac fat and renal pelvis. An increase in the concentration of urea, ammonia and bilirubin and in the activity of GOT and a decrease in total protein were detected in the serum. Hematological changes indicated the development of anemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Fatty and hemorrhagic liver and kidney syndrome in breeding hens caused by aflatoxin B1 and heat stress in the Sudan.

Fatty liver in animals is commonly associated with toxic or nutritional disease. In tropical Africa, fatty liver in poultry is of considerable economic importance. However, it's occurrence and association with renal damage have not yet been reported. We now report the effects of hemorrhagic and fatty hepatorenal syndrome in Hybro breeding hens naturally exposed to heat stress and fed low level of aflatoxin B1.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1987

The combined toxicity of Aristolochia bracteata and Cadaba rotundifolia to goats.

The sequential development of the clinical signs and lesions in the organs of Nubian goats fed on Aristolochia bracteata (Um Galagel) and Cadaba rotundifolia (Kurmut) and their mixture in certain proportions was studied. Kidney and liver function was tested and the results correlated with pathological and clinical changes. Diarrhea, dyspnea, tympany, arching of the back, and loss of condition and hair from the back were the prominent signs of Aristolochia poisoning in goats. The main pathological changes were hemorrhages in the lungs, heart and kidneys, fatty change and congestion in the liver, catarrhal abomasitis and enteritis, and straw-colored fluid in serous cavities. An increase in GOT activity and ammonia and urea concentrations, and a decrease in the concentrations of total protein and magnesium were detected in the serum of Aristolochia-poisoned goats. The clinical signs in goats fed with C rotundifolia were pronounced depression, diarrhea, frothing at the mouth, dyspnea, ataxia, loss of condition and recumbency. The lesions consisted of diffuse hemorrhage in the abomasum, heart and lungs, catarrhal enteritis, erosions on the intestinal mucous membrane, degeneration and/or necrosis of the cells of the renal tubules, and fatty change and necrosis in the liver. These changes were correlated with those in the serum constituents and blood cells. The effects of A bracteata and C rotundifolia were additive in goats.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Experimental aflatoxicosis in hybro-type chicks: sequential changes in growth and serum constituents and histopathological changes.

The effects of aflatoxin B1 on Hybro-type chicks were determined. Seven day-old chicks of both sexes were fed a diet containing aflatoxin at 0.5 ppm for 4 weeks. When compared to the controls, body weights and efficiency of feed utilization were depressed in the aflatoxin-fed group. The activities of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH) and concentrations of potassium were significantly elevated, and total protein and calcium levels were decreased in aflatoxin-fed chicks. There were no consistent differences in the concentrations of other serum constituents between the controls and test birds. Histopathological examinations of liver and kidney sections revealed typical lesions of aflatoxicosis. In the kidney, recovery was slow as indicated by the presence of vacuolation and necrosis of the cells of many renal convoluted tubules 3 weeks after withdrawal of the experimental ration.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

The effects of Ipomoea carnea on goats and sheep.

The clinical signs and lesions of Nubian goats and Desert sheep orally dosed with fresh and dry leaves and stems of Ipomoea carnea at 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg/day were studied. The signs of Ipomoea poisoning were inappetence, depression, weakness of the hind limbs, dyspnea, staggering, and pallor of the visible mucous membranes. The main lesions were focal necrosis and fatty vacuolation of centrilobular hepatocytes, accumulation of fibroblasts in hepatic portal tracts, degeneration or necrosis of the cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules, hemorrhage in renal cortices, in renal medullas and in cardiac muscle fibers, focal pulmonary edema, and emphysema and straw-colored fluid in serous cavities. Increased serum aspartate amino transferase and ammonia concentrations, and decreased concentrations of total protein, calcium and magnesium in the serum of Ipomoea-poisoned animals were detected. Hematological changes indicated the development of normocytic normochromic anaemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of various levels of dietary selenium on hybro-type chicks.

Sodium selenite was fed in the diet in concentrations of 3, 1 and 0.50 ppm to hybro-type chicks for 4 weeks from the age of 7 d. The chemical's effects on growth and tissues were investigated. One and 3 ppm dietary levels of selenium caused depression of growth, fatty change, focal necrosis, congestion of the sinusoids and slight fibroplasia in the liver, congestion and degeneration and/or necrosis of the cells of the proximal renal tubules and of the cardiac muscle fibers and hemorrhage in the thigh and breast. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the activity of sorbitol and glutamic dehydrogenases (SDH and GDH) and in the concentration of potassium, and a decrease in the levels of total protein, calcium and zinc in the serum. Susceptibility to hemorrhage and damage to kidneys and liver persisted for 3 weeks after the test diet was withdrawn. One-half of 1 ppm-selenite meal produced no adverse effects on the chicks.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of oxytetracycline on growth and lipid metabolism in poultry.

The effect of oxytetracycline at doses of 0.291, 0.461, 0.922, 1.383 and 1.844 g/l in drinking water on the growth rate, lipid metabolism, GOT, GPT, calcium and magnesium was studied on one-day-old chicks and laying hens (Gallus domesticus). Oxytetracycline at a dose of 0.461 g/l increased body weight gain in one-day-old chicks. Oxytetracycline had no effect on hepatic triglyceride and phospholipid levels while cholesterol levels were decreased in one-day-old chicks and increased in laying hens. Oxytetracycline tended to decrease serum cholesterol and to increase serum triglyceride concentrations while its effect on serum phospholipids were inconsistent. Oxytetracycline, although inconsistent, tended to increase GPT and GOT activities in both young chicks and laying hens. Higher doses of oxytetracycline resulted in fatty changes in the hepatocytes and cells of the kidney tubules and lungs in both young chicks and laying hens. With the exception of hepatic phospholipids, all other parameters were higher in laying hens than in young chicks.

Alanine Transaminase↗